ee BA ot oh ee J a 1 o.49)% im, or) 7) ‘See’ Oe ACI CON Oe i 14 ary * : UV AG RE Ree aad betg gba ft MRNA Vevanuantquaeaan Skt aH, “ KU hac PTR ta at Dat! at Peace Wr ed deed es 4404 soniteens Meare ie 4 OA Aiken ih evan On ah ast Yad Ora aus Wega A qu DANO AG DRIER Raise lk Ay tla ‘ ky «| ° eh art) aN AN ANT antes Lat AH ARE sae ‘ vaebih ya pease teen do ‘ a. crt ete “ Toad ) is ance wast nd ty PAU AN Mr gtaeed tone Sis Nat 139 8 Ng dey ’ ac) Ie ati oa a cule ata whe aoe Me a) anys akaal ne AD, Weel K' ee 4 4 | mt Doky ami ait angie ‘alee * ene yey dhe) Beh Wary ‘ ng acetate eri) wi vay ay ( mA if ‘ i veh 4 ale i A Ay ae sally oy in cee fu ey PARE iM 4'h19: ne ALAA 1 5 on ' 4 i a ee MK maa f 1) AER eer i793 Yat hy . 4 Nat we A bi 2h\ h, q A, vf u NY] Nhe ai Salih telat ih) Suid Raliahsy act’) a ty pot ne ett ae kes Para ty N tks j 3 ve a “fh ieee cy Wey " ‘] os ie pepo ue iy fev f Pala +10 Lela Hci hy eel Fl : ‘ Re hock if an aN ay, seat st a9 vey ead es " ve ( rae Rian Ah i 1 haa Lek RAILS Baie c 4 Me sae eae e ‘* hae aly hanes 1M 414) 4 ‘ oF * i. Kan 4 ty) ‘ a4 Vion Saad aa ALA ‘ ‘ eine ti ii at as (hea Nines cas v4 let 429A ‘ ' ; t ay’ ; he MUA NU I) esate 4 eta hy: ; Sh iN } Hf) ( rake "4 thi ; b q y "t VIER rat 4 W'a\4 agi te bt Men ty ALB fu Set NG SADE a at ‘ ; bh VAAN ny SCR Ce CCM PALL ea \ 0 i Sse : LE A at y 4 ek) Kaan 8 Va ai Me Ita SEM aN tarstbrel te Oy 4) a4) 1 Sho 1 455 NA , \ Ae td| i wane a \ CK Ria Oe eal F i DRAMA abel ate } ye ri ttark AA a a) *)Y NS Syayig' ’, ey AN nh : aa Si) it i ash Tah Ao Ht: vari "¥ i” Ok Rat v0) +0 Le Aa a\i as > ek iy i , ‘ I (ae ty i Bitty i i i A Li eiicy i Hah * Rhy aus RMAC E j Ah aU * ‘ y aggre Vi i) a 4 tae *y AN wate ' a ¥ wd ity ins vp Eira) mK) $ + Ahern "s Mg is Cid Nea aN? gegeade rat ih 44 LA iy ah Dh 1h ie SVE A, ists ct oak we ’ ’ , t ane: thn unas Py ‘ 4 } ; eC Ra tah } sets Dis wad Ve yea d 49 ¢ y Ciereya ate ‘| ad 4 ; PINE HINT, A, Sha tea as i) ) Ay neni) i ‘ + 0 pha ikalalt gs ay sd) SESRBEDEEERC YON At kan Nae ‘ yell iP “ Ute sa feed aan Ar . a8) ie Wen ee Ay 4 ANN, ce \ i) Ay AN iy ny \ 4a Pr ROA IK hea TOS ie ut ! ab Teo Tad 4 SENSE on DUO ahs hy ays Uw Wiest ay AN ACON TRAAM I DEy UhiG \ ' Md CA ae ea COD Mis Jieed Fr ' CAN acathet Aa * t i oi ‘ Haag WV Ee ae ae) gawa'a ave Teas es ESR A Y Catbalices Osh OY , ‘ t a LA ae Fue NN oH A i age dinea nen as agi NG ie 1 WGA ,) h Fa AA Ahege ‘ eas oo i ote HD 4 9 “4 ‘ ates ees ees Oe) ‘¢ nia At rk 44 Lau foes egalo atv 9 0044 Ps sia ate ie Select La : ft ' a DY ; a) Whey ia ae ft BRAD “ Not) “ ald MAS a aks a's 8 a a ‘ Bisse eae Wad ash v4 4 ) DR MON ot} catty) Soaring bs ‘ NAG Weg 1048! AN ie eay a ak View Ag A ihe My + re 1 ihn: ‘ ' if ‘a Cae on i Ores ha +4. Wy ke Mts esta Ny . ‘ j on UL ade ee ‘ i i 4 ae car ya aean u 4M i NN i Way (ead n ese a thane Nee \ A 7 ye 4 y fie i “ve ee wide Rahal HN) ane gee een “ ey i i Mi Ro ie Any A i ee ae ed iat bi Pere Chey ai in UK sik bath ” vw) mi } i DORAL A aE en 1s CK Re! es Add aoa ae MTR Saar UA SL AC MY NC a dra A ay DOC A COUR CCA a SON Wi he oo 4 pA USK Xt 4) OHA Re Ashe Wah ; A Maa Nh GA thy ri * SALAS NN hay a] we CAD in PRN RRC SR r ily Arete) tae Mahan om GW Svea ky Weak ey tet 4 409 DOOM RIOR S 1 UPA bY 1) t 1% ¥ yay VRS Hass 8b Laahan ’ DON eo! Piel ae Ly WANN NG es Kas a8 Cet tt My ats tii 144 as ie vtune ate a Rou fis anise LRN t as Sheehy SW tt, pen te vino it yy ae Brot Sy a Wiese dawg 4 ¢ mn ‘ eee eM hy vas aes has ew oe) cata s “sugid SAN ated 4 if Ona ah! Tena mut Sh 4 SMITHSONIAN INS Poe ELON UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM MOE UME XOX C2 “? ee ir. Ei a y ¢ a ‘ ota WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFI 1906 REE ey a ‘onal Museu": A — ADVERTISEMENT. The publications of the National Museum consist of two series, Proceedings and Bulletins. The Proceedings, the first volume of which was Issued in 1878, are intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers based on the collections of the National Museum, setting forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology derived there- from, or containing descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited groups. A volume is issued annually or oftener for distribution to libraries and scientific establishments, and in view of the importance of the more prompt dissemination of new facts, a limited edition of each paper is printed in pamphlet form in advance. The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table of contents of the volume. The present volume is the thirtieth of this series. The Bulletin, publication of which was begun in 1875, is a series of more elaborate papers, issued Separately, and, like the Proceedings, based chiefly on the collections of the National Museum. A quarto form of the Bulletin, known as the ‘Special Bulletin,” has been adopted in a few instances in which a larger page was deemed indispensable. Since 1902 the volumes of the series known as ** Contributions from the National Herbarium,” and containing papers relating to the botan- ical collections of the Museum, have been published as Bulletins. Ricnarp Ratupun, Acting Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. TIT TABLE OF CONTENTS. AsHMEAD, Wruitam H. Descriptions of New Hymenoptera Trom) apan.~—No,wt48: “May 1t, 19064 = See. New genera: Matsumuraius, Proterocryptus, Hemiephialtes, Nesopim- pla, Nawaia, Acanthormius. New species: Matsumuraius grandis, Exephanes koebelei, Stenicneu- mon sapporoensis, Melanichneumon japonicus, Rhexidermus japoni- cus, Phaeogenes japonicus, Bathymetis sapporoensis, Scinascopus japonicus, S. albomaculatus, Adiostola polita, Paraphylax albisca- pus, Hemiteles sapporoensis, Proterocryptus nawaii, Cryptus alberti, Mesostenus octocinctus, Pimplopterus japonicus, Megarhyssa jeponica, Hemiephialtes glyptus, Pimpla pluto, Apechthis orbitalis, A. sappo- roensis, Epiurus unnulitarsis, 2. hakonensis, E. persimilis, Nesopim- pla naranye, Theronia japonica, Odontomerus nikkoensis, Calliclisis incerta, Sychnoleter japonicus, Rhimphalea dubia, Asthenara rufo- cincta, Bassus japonicus, Syrphoctonus atamiensis, Exochus hako- nensis, Campoplex hakonensis, C. bicoloripes, Nawaia japonica, Teme- lucha japonica, Pristomerus chinensis, Ateleute pallidipes, Phenocarpa formosx, Kahlia secunda, Ephedrus japonicus, Aclitus nawaii, Aphidius gifuensis, A. japonicus, A. lachnivorus, A. areolatus, Lysi- phlebus japonicus, Meteorus japonicus, Macrocentrus gifuensis, Phane- rotoma flava, Ascogaster atamiensis, Glyptapanteles politus, G. ininor, G. femoratus, G. (Apanteles) japonicus, G. nawaii, Microplitis atamiensis, M. sapporoensis, Melanobracon tibialis, Macrodyctium flavipes, Chelonogastra koebelei, C. plewralis, Microbracon japellus, Zaglyptogastra abbottii, Xenobius albipes, Heterogamus fusciatipennis, HH. thoracicus, Rhogas fuscomaculatus, R. japonicus, Ischiogonus hakonensis, Chremylus japonicus, Acanthormius japonicus. Banta, ARTHUR M.,and Waxtpo L. McArTer. The Life His- tory of the Cave Salamander, Spelerpes Maculicaudus Wage) Nor 14482" April. 2.19064)... le 8 Bartscu, Pauu. Descriptions of Two New Naiads.—No. ee remmeranmOn OMG eke te: we Oy lug ete Se New species: Nephronaias flucki, Diplodon huapensis. =a occ under Dall, William Healey _:.....---.-...- Basster, Ray 8S. A Study of the James Types of Ordovi iclan and Silurian Bryozoa,—No. 1442. April 2,1906¢___.__-_- 393-395 321-369 « Date of publication. Vv Vil TABLE OF CONTENTS. BassteR, Ray 8. See under Ulrich, Edward O-. ---.------ Bruner, LAwrENCE. Synoptic List of Paragnayan - 02002 L eS kc! Rep ee Pee ie Ri Sree ere ee ee ieee (SIN SIRACENA SCO DET Eas Oy 0" COTES OS ee I Sao sf oR RUE Rhinogobius nagoye...... eed i a AS I aN aS ae PRO Yo en sr A a SL er rGHMHTeHeN ONT cee mei mate 2a wee he ae UE PL a is cUnCnasan LOD Avie OL SKUs: sp poene ee aol se eee eek mianscumicnsis.* losterion view Of Skul! : 223k) 322) 2. ee Pp ao nmises De niatal view. OLgseUll. 92. ei eee eet ee i Ae Mippertecthn ot isinopaiand -Mritemnodons. 525 3o Ne eee Po Lower teeth of Sinopa, Tritemnodon, and Cynohyenodon............--------- inoponorongern, side. ylew On Skull\and jaws: 2<.2i2b..02i 2220. 2 eee Simoniworaneer aiOp viewiol Skmlle oo sic 5 ee Sy. eS Le ek Siepugrongent, interior viewror skulle 2.22 sic Sosd als ci. Ske ek Se Evolution of the upper carnassial in Creodonta and Carnivora.............-- Simepargranger, atlas viewed from above. 222.2022. .22 22s el ee. winopesgrangerl, axis vertebra, SIdG VIEW = o2ikc-2--22-e 22 ---020-22.scecee ee SiNOMi, Granger, Sixth Cervical vertebra s-2 2006 ote ss cist. a= bs sae ude. eineparorandger, Second dorsal Verebras. =<. -2.2/s225- oc 2eece 5 oleae cee ce Se Sinope grange. cisuth dorsal vertebra: 2 ..2--2922:2222.0-<2. 2...) a Sunene grangert, sixtoe lumbar vertebra... =. 2.22. 6.2.28. ste eee mivopa grangery, second catidal vertebra: <2... .<2hs2 2 os.-Seeseeioct eee eee Sinopa grangeri, seventh and sixteenth caudal vertebre..............22-2---- Sinopa grangeri, humerus, anterior and posterior views......-.....--.------- Sinopa grangeri, radius and ulna, anterior and posterior views ............--- Sinopawrangenr tore toot, dorsal views. <. 0.2222 i000. -- 1-2 cee eke sees Sinopa grangeri, femur, anterior and posterior views...........------------- Sinoga grangeri, tibia and fibula, anterior and posterior views ..........----- Nimonengranden, Lind toot, darsaloyiew.oco---o---2-e--200-enede sedan ae Differences in weight changes of two human brains --.--.....-.......------- Differences in weight changes of two bear brains. ..........-.---.........--- Changes in brain weights in 3 per cent formalin solution ..............-....- Changes in brain weights in 3 per cent formalin solution..............-...-- Changes in brain weights in 5 per cent formalin solution...............-.--- Changes in brain weights in 5 per cent formalin solution ............-...---. Changes in brain weights in 10 per cent formalin solution ..............---. E Changes in brain weights in 15 per cent formalin solution..............-.-.- Changes in brain weights in 1.030 specific gravity salt formalin solution __.... Changes in brain weights in one-half alum solution, with 5 per cent formalin. Changes in brain weights in alum solution, with 10 per cent formalin _....-.- Changes in brain weights in alum solution, with 5 per cent formalin.......-- Weight changes in sheep brains in 3 per cent formalin solution ............-- XIII . 999 223 224 226 227 99 228 251 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 279 XIV LIST GF ILLUSTRATIONS. Weight changes in sheep brains in 5 per cent formalin solution...-----.--.-- Weight changes in sheep brains in 10 per cent formalin polation. 2 sae Weight changes in sheep brains in 15 per cent formalin solution..-.-.-.-.---- Weight changes in sheep brains in salt solution, with 5 per cent formalin ..-. Weight changes in sheep brains in 1.030 specific gravity formalin salt solution. - Weight changes in sheep brains in 1.015 specific gravity salt formalin solution. Weight changes in sheep brains in alum solution, with 5 per cent of formalin. Weight changes in sheep brains in one-third alum solution, with 5 per cent of formalin s2.¢ 202 2.6.-4 2s <5 dose cee ag eee eee ee See ae Weight changes in sheep brains in one-fifth alum solution, with 5 per cent of formalin 2.25.2 2d eis Hee eee eee eee eee Weight changes in sheep brains in one-third alum solution, with sodium chloride to 1.030 specific gravity, and 10 per cent formalin ..........------ Weight changes in sheep brains in one-third saturated solution of alum, with sodium chloride to 1.030 specific gravity, and 5 per cent formalin ........-.-- Weight changes in sheep brains in solution of 80 parts of 95 per cent alcohol and.\20 parts 5 per cent: formalin. > A201. aaee eel See oe ae ee Weight changes in sheep brains in solution of 65 parts of 95 per cent alcohol and 35 parts 3 per cent formalin. 3.- = ojacs Seen eas ee ee Weight changes in sheep brains in sodium acetate, sodium chloride, alcohol, and: tonmalimsolution® © -.225" 3s... 52 aaro- Seer Weight changes in 15 different preservatives containing formalin .......----- Dentition of Plethodon sherman: > 2~.525.2ea2ae Sout ee eee Dentition ofPlethodon wneusiss= 25.225 ae sete = tee ee eee Dentition of -Plethodon jordantl..o=.55 soa 5s5 ee ee a eee Upper side of right forefoot of Plethodon shermani.....---------------------- Under side of right hind foot of Plethodon shermant .._-.---.--=------------- Under side of right-hind foot of Plethodon:eneus.. o.—.- 2 seas eee ne ee Turpitia. grandis. Lateral yiew of type. 2 2..< = seen Turpilia grandis. Dorsal view of head and pronotum....--..--------------- Ischnomela pulchripennis. Dorsal view of type--.-----------=----------<-<- Ischnomela pulchripennis. Lateral view of type...-.-~-..:--+-.2----------< Mimetica crenulaia. Lateraliwiew ol-type---4-22-2-- - san=2 sss eee Mimetica crenulata.. Dorsal view of pronotum of type.......---------------- Symphyloxiphus magnificum. Lateral view of type......---.---------------- Symphyloxiphus magnificum. Dorsal view of type. .-.--..------------------- Cupsilurusi0g00= 22282 ase ease ee See cee eee eee ee Conythnouchthys tOmue ces 52 Sasol oe mle et ee eee ere re eee ATH EriNAG: MOTI aro co 2e oe bss ck een eee Eee ee re ee ee ee eee AMIG NOD 2o2 bas ois eS tS a ee ee eee Pyiota abet. 2is2c 2222 ce ee ase Sone oe eee ee Rhinogobius:hadropterus = sos = 3 2a a ee ee ee Enneapleryouus etheostoma 25-2 = = ae aaa =e ee ee Ghristicens flammeus: <8) 2020.2 sa el se ae en ee ee ee Blernwis Cuines <. 22.5 5.2 sashes Se Se ee ee ee Salarrds CnOswme . — aia. Ss SSE cw Sasi ee ee ee Salarias andersont' : 2.3.5 soot Sec dee ee ieee ee eee ee Salarias taneqaswie - . 22.25 Gen a ae ea, ae a 782 2 ISIS GTS ETNA ToS ee AR EG Sy ADI de a a 782 EE OnE aC ACS S ene Oni ela mete Ment eS eo ai ni SP sede 785 Sree OOM CUDMONES Sx tet ee i caty wees Se. Coe ete ee SEE Sone ee ee ee 789 Renner Ree Sern eke ge ee Aa ewe, needs Shak Seng dete ks Se 789 eee MgO ree et ere nee Vee! eS ees Sie. Soe ae boone beh See 815 LSAT SIGINT Sg (01 SO en es A ee, 83 ren ice Pe MT ier eae eae Aes ee Kee ed he oe kasinins dno 842 col ORUSY HOTS AR EE oe 2 a GSR ae Sr 843 Re CTEM CR UM teat ae cee eens pale a eye ee Re ee ME a SS tes eke ke 82 ieee it Te OUI TCENSt oe Sa ee oe oe oe Seale ee Se le Beoe aed Conse ose See 853 EEO Eee a ae Eee eel oe te en Bae OEE PLATES. Facing page. fee) neces Ol OTOGvician -BEVOZO® . 2-22 25-25. saves obi ea. oss. s eed 66 Panes Lypen ol Ordovigian Bry O20a: Sa. sat see). ooo dns ore ie 66 Pep acc Dee Or OrdOviGiilelst VO7ZON, 5 oom aces. Reason a de 66 MOS Nes OL ORIG VIC Anon VOZORe soe h 58S s/o. Rates. nce. cass ewe 66 Da esa pes Ol. OTGOviclinebryOZOde 2. aaiae eee kee ose ce bse esa ek ce 66 Darcey pester Ordovician brvyozGa e2 st): 22 os echo d eso see e eee Dee 66 ¢. James types of Ordovician and Silurian Bryozoa.........2.......- pas aes 66 8. Larvee and young adults of Spelerpes maculicaudus............-.-.------- 84 9; Juarvee and young adults of Spelerpes maculicaudus.........----..--.-=--s 84 RC TPere MIRE IS PICHON ES TITCUOMUAUS = Oe ee alee ei eee ee be opetele 84 ime eroerinrer tine OMLTICOOA) se a Sete oss ee Re Se Sek cee eed 164 eRe Newaapanesesblymenoplena ... sts +. 56 lS. s2iaci io 2265s Sselooecee cedecu 202 eee em apamenc, Sty IMeCNOPLeTa 4.5 6-2 o8-.. eV LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. or C1 “I Or o 2) or 2D co oo =I ¢ Facing page, Mollusks of the Family Pyramidellidse- 22-32-52 = 325. ere eon Pearly fresh-water mussels .-.-. 32. So@e2-e esa oe eS ee oe eee 396 Pearly fresh-water mussels .2 2222222 csec ewaseee a ee ie ee 396 “Pearly fresh-water mussels 2.3 .22.cl0 22 5s nee eae a ee ae 596 Skeleton of Rhamphorhynchus gemmingi.....-----------------------+---- 612 Skeletonsof Rhamphorhiynchus genuningy . = sseeee sae eee 612 Lateral view of the skull ef Triceratops calicornis -.-..------------------- 612 Anterior view of the skull of Diceratops hatcheri.......------+---:------- 612 Lateral view of the skull of Diceratops hatchert .......------------------- 612 Mounted: skeleton of mastodom™= = 2-6 2.) a-s see eee 612 Paraguayan Acrididze 3 >... tacc Recah Se See = ae ae ee ee 694 Paraguayan Acrididse’= 2.2) .\--ise 2d neces eee 694 Rarasuayan Acrididee:.. 2264 aoe fas so ae ee ee 694 Sus: Garbatuss.2 = 55-5 oe ioe eee a ee te See eee eee 758 SUB OUe 2a ann So OR Se Senha Soe 2 oo ne Oe a 758 WSUS GANGONUULG «= 2 Pct ce elas no ciae Se Cicer e Sere = ae See een 758 ISS) DARD GUIS wenn Secale 2 ee a Te ee 758 SUS) OU se 3 Ss Sa Tg eS hae SE Eee ee ce eee 758 SUS GAT GANIMG a2 san Ss So acc One Se aE a ee 758 Susbarbatus a. f2k et ee ee a i ee ee 758 SUS 08 svete 5S Gorham HOS Shecwt he 2 IE Ee a AS eee 758 Sus Gargantua: 5. «soe - 28 2g. 2 ete eo ae eae 758 SUSHOANOOIUS.<. WSUS GORGANULG =. Heise aaa eee ee es SUS CONDaiUss — SUS*OOTO CID: GSU SiO Use ee =e ae ee eel eee eee 758 SUSGOrganludsc. fscah soos Ses eee oe Ie eee eee eee 758 ISUS DON OCU Sis Sark Oe ence oom ee ie ee re ee 758 SUS Ol casas cn ee a1S oe min oe alee Ad oe ote eee ae 758 SUSICTISLAIUS Ene veo SSSR Bs ok ee Seo ee Noe Bee ene 758 SUB CTUSLQLUBSS SS eic ors woes Se ne Stee SSR ea acre ee ee 758 Sus qubattis 55265: pe ease ok See ae a eee cane Tee Sus (ubatus 23.2 2. 2 See oe oo cee ed ee a eee 758 Sus penmsilaris. ‘Sus: peninsuloris? 22 Sse. eee eee 758 ISIS CIMSLOLUS. SUS MUDGLUS. | SUSAUULCUILS == = ee eee ee 758 Susicristaius: — Sus 7ubatus- oa Sane ee eee eee eee 758 Susbabt. .SusivhMons) «<2 ses. 2 ats Soe ee ee ee ee eee 758 Susibabi: > Sus rhioniscn on2 $.0 sk SS ee ee eee 758 Susmiadensis: Susiandamanensise--s—- - >= oes eee ee eee 758 Sumniadensiss \iSUs 0t..22-- oo 2 cSt eee ee ee Cee Oe ee 758 Sus vlttatus. Susimiadensis.. (Sus riionis: 3... 2-2 se 2 ee eee eee 758 thamdia gilli. Paralabrax callaensis. Pomadasis burro...--..----------- 800 Dopdixodon freminvillei. Doydixodon laevifrons. Sciaena gilberti.....----- 800 hungia japonica, New Species = 22-2 4e.c- = seer ee ee eee 832 Hungia samboangensis, New SPeCles|-.-= ssesse eee eee eae eee 832 Fungia samboangensis. Fungut concinna <2. ..5= 2226-55 eee eee 832 Hungiaigranulosa ISltunzingers 24... eee se aes eee ee ee 832 Fungia granulosa Ki lunzinger.. = - esses ote = ee eee eee 832 Bungia madagascarensis, New SpeCles) =. 2—-2-a.se ee eee eee eee eee 832 Fungia maddgascaren#is, New SpeCles . ac. 4-5 so ee eee eee eee 832 Fungia samboangensis. Fungia granulosa. Fungia madagascarensis..-...- £32 Humerus of Leptophoca lenis and of Phoca greenlandica.........-------- 840 Bones of Leptophoca lenis and of a fossil sirenian.....-..---..---------- 840 Coenocyactus boworsi and Astrangia crasiliensis .......------------------- 850 Astrangia TathhUnt <0 0nd dsuta. Lae ee eee se ane uae ses S ek eer 850 A STUDY OF THE JAMES TYPES OF ORDOVICIAN AND SILURIAN BRYOZOA. By Ray 8S. BassuEr, Assistant Curator, Department of Geology. Mr. U. P. James was one of the pioneer students of the splendid fauna of the Cincinnati group, and at various times between 1871 and 1883 printed the results of his studies in private and other publications. In these papers Mr. James described a considerable number of bryo- zoa as well as of other classes of fossils, but almost invariably failed to illustrate his species. Some of his names were recognized by sub- sequent writers who redescribed and illustrated his species, but the majority are still as left by their author. Some years ago the James collection became a part of the paleon- tologic collection of Walker Museum of the University of Chicago, and its types are now accessible for study. The present paper is devoted to a consideration of the bryozoa described by Mr. James, and is based not only upon the James types but also upon numerous authen- tic specimens received from Mr. James and now in the collection of the U. S. National Museum. However, most of these bryozoa (Tre- postomata) he referred to the Tabulate corals, others (Cryptostomata) to the bryozoa, while a few were placed with Stromatopora and the sponges. It is hoped that the conclusions reached by the present writer in regard to the validity and synonymy of the various species are fair to both Mr. James and subsequent workers along the same lime. The writer is under obligations to Professors Chamberlin and Weller for the opportunity of studying this portion of the James collection, and especial thanks are due Professor Weller for his help and advice at various times. INTRODUCTION. The early systematic work in all branches of natural history is obvi- ously more or less faulty when compared with the standard obtaining to-day, just as many imperfections will no doubt be found by the future student in the results of present researches. This is especially true in regard to paleontologic work, where the student’s observations _ = oo - PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No. 1442. Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——1 1 | | 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. | are limited to more or less imperfect remains, and when, in addition, .aclass such as the Bryozoa requires the microscopic as well as the macroscopic characters for the delimitation of species, it is not aston- ishing that pioneer work in such a field should be quite imperfect. All of the Paleozoic systems of the North American continent, with the exception of the Cambrian, afford a large number of Bryozoa which have essentially the same general macroscopic features, but which show their specific differences mainly upon microscopic exami- nation. This applies particularly to species of the order Treposto- mata, or, as they have been commonly designated, the Monticulipo- roids. Species of Trepostomata as well as of the other orders were described from the external characters alone until 1876, when Doctor Nicholson published his paper Notes on the Paleozoic Corals of the State of Ohio.” Here for the first time the internal characters were studied and illustrated by means of thin sections. This and succeed- ing articles by the same writer pointed out the way for the accurate study of the monticuliporoids. Previous to the date mentioned, names | such as Chaetetes lycoperdon or C. petropolitanus were applied to almost any massive paleozoic bryozoan, while Stenopora fibrosa was a convenient designation for ramose forms irrespective of their geolog- ical horizon. ‘To-day the characterization of any new species, particu- larly of the Trepostomata, is incomplete without the description and illustration of the internal structure as well as the external features. Fortunately some of the species hitherto described without a study of their internal parts have such well-marked external characters that, with good illustrations of the latter, it has been possible to identify the species. The generic characters being in nearly all cases internal, it remained for subsequent authors to properly place such species. Several authors have described a considerable number of bryozoa almost entirely without illustration. Ina few cases the specific charac- ters are so salient that little trouble is experienced in identifying the species, but in the majority of cases it is impossible to do so without an examination of the original types. To determine the status of as many as possible of these more or less obscure species, and thus to clear up the literature of the subject, has been the endeavor of the writer for some years. In the identification and final recognition of such species, especially when the synonymy, if any, is in question, one’s personal equation is so liable to enter that considerable care is necessary in order to obtain unbiased results. The writer has tried to eliminate this element in work of this character by adhering strictly to the rules of nomenclature. The Code of Nomenclature adopted by the American Ornithologists Union (New York, 1892) contains prob- ably the best and most recent expression of the laws upon this subject, and the rules employed in this paper and cited later are quoted from this valuable work. 4Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), X VIII, 1876, pp. 85-94, pl. v. No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. ' 3 In the application of the these rules to the James types, many dif- ficulties are encountered. These occur especially in those cases where the specimens marked as types fail to conform in important respects with the original descriptions. In many cases it seems almost certain that the specimens now marked as the types were not the ones origi- nally used by the elder James in describing the species. Furthermore, it is probable that the selection of the types occurred subsequently, possibly when the younger James joined his father in the study of these organisms. As it is now impossible to determine this point, and as labels in the elder James’s handwriting in every case accompany the type, we must accept the specimens thus marked as the original types and apply the rules to these. The study of these type specimens has forcibly impressed upon the writer the caution that ought to be observed by cataloguers in record- ing literature of this kind. In 19004 Nickles and the writer recognized a number of the poorly defined James species, placing well defined and figured species of other authors as synonyms. These identifications were based mainly upon ‘‘authentic” specimens one of them had received from Mr. U. P. James, and also partly upon their interpre- tation of his descriptions. Unfortunately this interpretation and the authentic specimens do not in a number of cases agree with. the types, thus making a revision of the synonymy necessary. BIBLIOGRAPHY. The paleontological publications of Mr. U. P. James commenced in 1871 with the issue of a Catalogue of Lower Silurian Fossils. In this pamphlet a few species now referred to the bryozoa were named but not described. Inasecondand enlarged edition of the catalogue, which appeared in 1875, these and other species were briefly described. In July, 1878, appeared the first number of the Paleontologist, a private publication devoted to geology and paleontology. Seven numbers, consisting altogether of 53 pages and 2 plates, were issued at irregular intervals from 1878 to 1883. The descriptions in this paper are often clear and concise, and have the additional advantage of including accurate measurements, as wellas a statement of the horizon, locality, and range of the species. Inthe treatment of the monticuliporoids, in Nos. 6 and 7, more or less detailed accounts of their internal structure are given. Five additional species of this class are described by Mr. James in articles appearing in the Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History. Many of the descriptions in the foregoing arti- cles are, as mentioned before, clear and concise and show that their author was not only an acute observer, but also appreciated the value of both external and internal characters in the discrimination of species belonging to this group. The series of papers by U. P. James and Joseph F. James, listed @Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 173, 1900. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. below and entitled On the Monticuliporoid Corals of the Cincinnati Group, witha Critical Revision of the Species, contains a treatment of the monticuliporoids that is in marked contrast to the previous work of the elder James. The form and surface characters of the zoarium are now considered the diagnostic points, and the species and synonymy are arranged accordingly. Joseph F. James continues the same style of work in his Manual of the Paleontoloyy of the Cincinnati Group, but his death left this series of articles unfinished. The following list and remarks upon the papers of both U. P. and J. F. James relate only to those which deal in part or wholly with bryozoa or organisms which have proved to be bryozoa., U. P. JAMES. 1. CaraLoaurE oF Lower Sruurtan Fossius, Cincinnati Group, Crncrnnatt, 1871. Under the heading of Zoophyta lists the Bryozoa of the Cincinnati group. 2. Apprrions ro CaTALoGuE oF Lower SILuRIAN Fosstis, Cincinnati Group, Crn- CINNATI, 1873. 7 Lists several additional species of Bryozoa and corrects some of the earlier names. 3. CATALOGUE OF LOWER SILURIAN FossILs oF THE CINCINNATI GROUP, WITH DeE- SCRIPTIONS OF SOME New SPECIES OF CORALS AND PoLyzoa, CINCINNATI, 1875. This is an enlarged edition of the catalogue of 1871 and contains in addition an introduction wherein the following new species of Bryozoa are described: Chextetes ? calycula, C. clavacoideus, C. cincinnatiensis, C.? onealli, Ceramo- pora nicholsoni, Ptilodictya acuminata, and Alecto nevilis. 4. THe Pavronto.oaist, No. 1, pp. 1-8, Cincinnati, Juny 2, 1878. Contains descriptions of the following species of Bryozoa: Chextetes crustulatus, C. sp.? (meeki suggested), C. sp.? (varians proposed), Fistulipora ? multi- pora, Helopora dendrina, H. tenuis, H. meeki, H. parvula, H. approximata, Ptilodictya hilli, P. plumaria, P. flecuosa, P. granulosa, P. paralella, Cera- mopora ? beani, C.? trregularis, C. alternata, C. concentrica, Hippothoa deli- catula, Ptilodictya fimbriata and P. sp.? (welshi proposed). 5. THE PaLEonroLoaist, No. 2, pp. 9-16, CINcINNATI, SEPT. 14, 1878. The following species of Bryozoa are described: Chatetes Lycoperdon, C. petro- politanus, C. turbinatum, Callopora milfordensis, Ceramopora whitei, and C. radians. 6. THE PaLeonto.oaist, No. 3, pp. 17-24, Crncrnnati, JAN. 15, 1879. Describes the following species which are now regarded as Bryozoa: Stroma- topora ? lichenoides, Fistulipora siluriana, Chetetes minutus, C. crustulatus, C. lycopodites, Ptilodictya nodosa, P. platyphylla, Escharina distorta, and Sagenella striata. . THE PaLEonroLoaist, No. 4, pp. 25-32, Cincinnati, Juty 10, 1878. No Bryozoa are described in this number, which includes a ‘‘SSupplement to Catalogue of Lower Silurian Fossils of the Cincinnati Group.’”’ Under the headings of Polypi and Polyzoa, this supplement lists the species of Bryo- zoa and in some cases indicates the synonymy. 8. THr PALEoNTOLOGIST, No. 5, pr. 33-44, CrncrnNATI, JUNE 10, 1881. In this number the following Bryozoa are described: Monticulipora (Chx- tetes) whitfieldi, M. (C.) meeki, M. (C.) varians, Dekayia maculata, Ptilodictya antiqua, P. cleavelandi, P. kentuckyensis, P. clintonensis, P. ? cincinnatiensis, P. grahami, P. dubia, and P. teres. ~I 4 * No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 5 9. THe Patronrotoaist, No. 6, pp. 45-56, CINncINNATI, Serr. 12, 1882. This number is devoted entirely to species at Monticulipora and contains descriptions of both the external and internal features of the following: Monticulipora ( Heterotrypa) clintonensis, M. (H.) circularis, M. (H.) onealli ? var. communis, M. (H. ?) eccentrica, M. (H.) winchelli, M. (H. ?) cleave- landi, M. (Monotrypa) wortheni, M. (M.) welchi, M. (M. ?) subfusiformis, and M. (M.) dychei. 10. Tar PaLEontoxoaist, No. 7, pp. 57-59, pis. I, U, CINCINNATI, APRIL 16, 1883. Describes Monticulipora kentuckensis and Helopora harrisi. The plates contain rough sketches of the Bryozoa described in this and the pre- ceding number of the Paleontologist. These figures are of little or no value in the identification of the species. All of the above references are to pamphlets published privately by Mr. James. Some writers, notably Mr. S. A. Miller in his North American Geology and Paleontology, have ignored these pamphlets altogether, mainly because of their obscure mode of publication, but also because many of the species are *‘not defined so as to be recog- nized.” Other writers have adopted some of Mr. James’s specific names and rejected others, but inasmuch as all of these papers fill the requirements of publication, there is no reason for ignoring the work as a whole, no matter how difficult it may be to recognize the species described. The A. O. U. Code of Nomenclature states that ‘* Publi- cation consists in the public sale or distribution of printed matter, books, pamphlets, or plates” (Canon XLVI), but recommends that authors avoid publishing in obscure pamphlets of limited circulation. The Paleontologist, although certainly of the class to be avoided, must be recognized under the rules since copies were distributed to some extent by the author, and were also placed on sale at his book store in Cincinnati, where they may still be obtained. The following references are to articles appearing in the proceed- ings of a well established scientific society, and hence there is no ques- tion in regard to their recognition as publications: 11. Descriptions oF THREE SpEcIES OF Fosstts. JouRNAL Cincinnati Soctety Natu- RAL History, VII, 1884, pp. 21-24. Describes and gives fairly good illustrations of two bryozoa, Fistulipora oweni and Ceramopora ? beani. 12. Descriptions oF Four New Species or Fossits FROM THE CINCINNATI GROUP. JouRNAL Cincinnati Socrety Natura History, VII, 1884, pp. 137-139, pu. vir. Describes and illustrates two new bryozoa, Monticulipora ohioensis and M. falesi. The article also includes descriptions and figures-of more or less weathered examples of Ceramoporella, which are referred to, Stromatopora under the name of S. tubularis and S. Ludlowensis. U. P. JAMES AND J. F. JAMES. 13. ON THE MonTICULIPOROID CORALS OF THE CINCINNATE GROUP, WITH A CRITICAL REVISION OF THE SPECIES. JOURNAL CINCINNATI Soctery or Naturat Hisrory, MAND OM. Parr 1, VotuME X, 1887, pr. 118-141. Part 2, VotuME X, 1888, pp. 158-184, PL. 1 Part 3, VotuME XI, 1888, pr. 15-47, PL. 1. The three installments by U. P. and J. F. James noted above were bound together and distributed by their authors under the title of , _ 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. Monograph of the Monticuliporoid Corals of the Cincinnati Group. In this monograph external characters alone are employed in dis tinguishing species, and as a result the specific synonomy given isa revelation. The various monticuliporoid genera and subgenera pro- posed, particularly those by Nicholson and Ulrich, are made synonyms of either Hall’s Ceramopora or D’Orbigny’s MMonticulipora. Only Dekayia Edwards and Haime, Constellaria Dana, and Fistulipora McCoy are recognized, and these only as subgenera of MWonticulipora. The correct placing of some of the synonymous genera seems to have troubled the authors. For example, Crepipora and Chiloporella are first placed as synonyms of Ceramopora and Monticulipora, respect- ively, but in the last installment the authors decide that the subgenus Fistulipora is the proper name with which to make them synonymous. However, even this is not final, as later in the same paper Crepipora is again made a synonym ot Ceramopora. The synonymy of species is on a par with the generic work, as may be illustrated by one of many examples. Callopora cincinnatiensis and Chiloporella flabellata of Ulrich are considered synonyms of J/onticu- lipora nicholsoni James, the two synonyms being founded, according to James and James, ‘* upon slightly worn specimens.” It happens, however, that Callopora cincinnatiensis is founded upon well-pre- served specimens of Loclema occidens (Hall and Whitfield) from the Upper Devonian of Iowa, and, as admitted by Ulrich,“ was erroneously recorded as coming from Cincinnati. No new species are described in these articles, but many of the James species are figured on the two plates. These figures, especially the illustrations of the surface characters of the various species, are misleading and in many cases are quite unlike the specimens they are said to represent. For example, contiguous angular, polygonal zocecia, such as are exhibited by the specimens called Monticulipora turbinata, are represented as more or less irregularly rounded and separated by a space of varying diameter, with here and there a rounded mesopore interpolated. This series of articles appearing several years after Nicholson’s excel- lent volume The Genus Monticulipora, can not be excused on the ground of pioneer work. Instead of marking an advance upon work in the Paleontologist, the monograph is very much inferior to the earlier publication, and instead of being the promised aid to the stu- dent, the articles are positively confusing and detrimental to progress. JOSEPH F. JAMES. 14. MANUAL OF THE PALEONTOLOGY OF THE CINCINNATI GROUP. JOURNAL CINCINNATI Socrety oF Natura History, X V-X VIII. VoLuME XV, 1893, pp. 144-159. VotumE XVI, 1894, pp. 178-208, VotumE XVIII, 1895, pr. 67-88. VotumME XVIII, 1896, pre. 115-140. a Geol. Sury. Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 427. = No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. (é —s This series of articles differs from the preceding in its less critical tone and iconoclastic spirit. The synonymy is considerably modified, more species now being recognized as valid. The same specific group- ing according to zoarial growth is followed, but the author has appar- ently modified his views as to the value of internal characters, since these are now noted in his descriptions. The work was left unfinished by the death of the author. LAWS OF NOMENCLATURE. In order to avoid repetition in the descriptive portion of this work, the writer has selected and quoted below such laws of nomenclature as will be found to have special application to the James species. These are given as published in the Code of Nomenclature adopted by the American Ornithologists’ Union (New York, 1892), and it is believed that the canons quoted cover all the cases afforded by the James bryozoan species. OF THE RETENTION OF NAMES. - Canon XX XII.—A nomen nudum, generic or specific, may be adopted by a subse- quent author, but the name takes both its date and authority from the time when, and from the author by whom, the name becomes clothed with significance by being properly defined and published. OF THE REJECTION OF NAMES, Canon XX XIV.—A nomen nudum is to be rejected as haying no status in nomen- clature. . Canon XXX VI.—A name resting solely on an inadequate diagnosis is to be rejected, on the ground that it is indeterminable and therefore not properly defined. Canon X XX TX.—A name which has never been clearly defined in some published work is to be changed for the earliest name by which the object shall have been so defined, if such name exist; otherwise a new name is to be provided, or the old name may be properly defined and retained, its priority and authority to date from the time and author so defining it. OF THE DEFINITION OF NAMES. Canon X LITI.—The basis of a specific or subspecific name is either (1) an identifi- able published description, or (2) a recognizable published figure or plate, or (3) the original type specimen or specimens, absolutely identified as the type or types of the species or subspecies in question; but in no case is a type specimen to be accepted as the basis of a specific or subspecific name, when it radically disagrees with or is con- tradictory to the characters given in the diagram or description based upon it. Canon XLV.—Absolute identification is requisite in order to displace a modern current name by an older obscure one. OF THE PUBLICATION OF NAMES. Canon XL VII.—Publication consists in the public sale or distribution of printed matter—books, pamphlets, or plates. & PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, CLASSIFICATION OF ORDOVICIAN STRATA IN THE VICINITY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO. Various classifications of the Cincinnati rocks have been proposed from time to time, but reference to most of these is unnecessary, especially since the subject was ably discussed and reviewed by Nick- les in 1902.¢ At that time this author indicated all of the divisions of the Cincinnatian series, but applied names only to the various beds of the Lorraine. Ina subsequent paper’ he named the divisions of the Richmond group. More recently Foerste “ has proposed several new names as well as a few changes. The classification presented below is one now in preparation for publication by Mr. E. O. Ulrich of the U. 5. Geological Survey and the writer, and will be employed for mapping purposes in the Cincin- natiarea. As the publication of this article may be delayed, departures from the classifications of Nickles and Foerste, and the new terms are briefly discussed below. The thickness of the various divisions is indicated by giving their range in height above low-water mark-in the Ohio River, starting at a point where the lowest beds are exposed, namely, at West Covington, or at Bromley, Kentucky, and suppos- ing that the rocks are horizontal. The heights mentioned are thus only relative and this method is introduced here mainly because it was employed by Mr. James and most of the other Cincinnati paleontolo- gists in locating the horizon of their fossils. Approxi- mate height Formation : in feet above (mapable units). Members. low-water mark in Ohio River. Naludaye a eases ens ee Meee Ray Sasa ae = 665-700 Whitewater: 6323222. os soe eee ee ee 625-665 a {Richmond group - .------ Libertys sso. = Sc245 oe eae eee 590-625 -s | ¥aynesvte oe ea beet eee ee 540-590 i Arnheim | 2242 4-12 Se echt cee eee ae 460-540 = Mt. Aubums.224.0: 425-460 = MeMillan.._.....---- [Corrie Pian see 390-425 A Bellevues st. = oe 375-390 g Hin ctedy eit ect lmede SPaLMOUNES coe = 325-375 © (Covington group -.-..--- \Mt; Hoperesiis05 280-325 MecMickenes. 222 =" 220-280 Bdets 2322.0 05 sees is NUNN aVec: 1 We eee re ee 100-220 ECONOMY sesso 50-100 Utica." 22 5= eeeeeee Fulltion2 ans ee 45— 50 es eG Ree fPoint Pleasant: se 5s-seeoeeee ae eae 30— 45 Mire SoC A ee (Bromley o23.5.65heeeede ee ee 0- 30 «The Geology of Cincinnati. Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XX, 1902, pp. 49-101. b American Geologist, XX XII, 1908, pp. 202-218. Science, XXII, 1905, No. 558, pp. 149-152. No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 9 Bromley. —This name is applied to the series of drab to dark blue shales underlying the Trenton limestone outcropping along the Ohio River bank opposite Cincinnati. These shales are about 30 feet in thickness and are well exposed along the river just below Bromley, Kentucky. The characteristic fossils are trilobite remains and form of Dalmanella, both of which occur in comparative abundance, although other fossils are rare. This division is probably the equiva- lent of the Hermitage formation of Tennessee. Point Pleasant.—The strata to which this name was applied by Prof. Edward Orton are represented in the vicinity of Cincinnati by the Trenton limestone overlying the Bromley shales. Here, on account of erosion preceding the deposition of the Utica, these limestones are not more than 25 feet thick, but at the type locality a considerable thickness is added to the top. Aridotrypa briareus is the most charac- teristic fossil, and the strata represent probably the whole of the Bigby and Cattiey: of Tennessee. Covington group.—This term is proposed to embrace all the strata in the Cincinnati area from the top of the Trenton to the base of the Richmond. It thus includes the Utica and Lorraine of previous authors. Fulton.—The typical Utica is represented along the Ohio River by only a few feet (seldom more than 5) of dark gray or drab colored shales which contrast very distinctly with the overlying Eden shales. These strata are well exhibited along the Ohio River bank at Fulton, the old name for the eastern part of Cincinnati. Triarthrus beck, Leptobolus insignis, graptolites and other typical Utica fossils are abundant. Eden.—The Eden shales of Professor Orton may be divided into three members well marked both faunally and lithologically. Hitherto these have been indicated by the divisions lower, middle, and upper Utica, with the exception that the lower Utica has included both the mem- bers here called Economy and Fulton. Economy.—This term, the old name of the village now known as West Covington, Kentucky, is applied to the lower division of the Eden. About 50 feet of blue shales and limestones comprise this member, which is distinguished faunally by a large number of bryozoa, the characteristic species being Coeloclema commune, Crepipora venusta, and several forms of Aspidopora. Southgate.—The middle Eden beds are well exposed just south of Newport and Covington, Kentucky, particularly in the vicinity of Southgate, so that the latter name may be employed to distinguish them. This division consists of about 120 feet of blue to yellow shales, with fewer limestones than in the rest of the Eden. The lower beds of this member contain a considerable number of gastropods and pele- eypods, while throughout the entire member, Ctenobolbina ciliata, 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. Aspidopora eccentrica, ad Butostona james’ are particularly abundant and characteristic. Mc Micken.—The upper third of the Eden consists of about 60 feet of highly calcareous and extremely fossiliferous shales and limestones holding the bryozoan. Dekuyella ulricht in great abundance. Good exposures occur along MeMicken avenue, Cincinnati, whence the name for the division. Fairview.—Nickles’s divisions of Mount Hope and Fairmount, although useful for detailed work, are so closely related faunally and distinguished with such difficulty that for mapping purposes the term Fairview, from Fairview Heights at Cincinnati, is here proposed to embrace both. The Fairview formation is about 100 feet thick, and is the equivalent in part of the ** Hill quarry beds” of Professor Orton. MeMillan.—The Bellevue, Corryville, and Mt. Auburn members are closely related and not of sufficient importance to be mapped separately. The three are here recognized as members of the new formation, the McMillan, from the street of that name at Cincinnati, along which the 85 feet of strata comprising this formation are fairly well exposed. Arnheim.—Nickles’s term Warren being preoccupied, the new name Arnheim was proposed“ for this division, which here is considered a part of the Richmond group rather than of the Lorraine, as hitherto placed. Excellent exposures of these strata are found in the vicinity of Oregonia and Lebanon, Ohio. DISCUSSION OF SPECIES IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER. In many cases the James type lots contain such a variety of speci- mens, or are so involved in other respects, that it has seemed best to discuss in alphabetical order not only Mr. James’s own species but also those of which his forms have proved to be synonyms. In order to facilitate reference to any particular form, this discussion of species is followed by an index. The synonymy of some of the species is so extended that for the sake of space, only that part of it essential to this paper is given. The complete synonymy is presented in Bulletin U.S. Geological Survey, No. 173. ALECTO NEXILIS James. Alecto nexilis JAMES, Intr. Catal. Foss. Cincinnati Group, 1875, p. 3. Original description.—** Polyzoary attached to branches of coral, consisting of thread-like tubes anastomosing closely, resembling’ fine network, with 7 or 8 meshes in the space of a line; the little circular mouths are raised and at irregular distances, varying from one-eighth to one-sixteenth of a line apart. “ Foerste, Science, X XII, 1905, No. 553, p. 151. No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. ata uneven, cylindrical branched coral, from one-fourth to three-eighths of an inch in diameter. ** Found at Cincinnati, about 400 feet above low water of the Ohio River.” The above description would lead one to believe that the form under consideration was a very small species of Stomatopora incrust- ing foreign objects. The type specimen, however, is not incrusting, but is a solid ramose bryozoan belonging to the species later named by Ulrich and described by Nicholson as Monticulipora (Heterotrypa) implicata, now referred to the genus Batostoma. James's description was based upon the surface of this -highly acanthopored species, his network or meshes being formed by the zocecial walls and the large perforated acanthopores representing the ‘‘little circular mouths.” The name Alecto newilis, therefore, has no standing since it rests on an inadequate diagnosis and the species will take the name given by Nicholson, this being the first by which the object was clearly defined. Nicholson accredits the species to Ulrich, but this is incorrect because, although Ulrich did first recognize the species as distinct, his name of Chaetetes implicatus published in a catalogue is merely a nomen nudum. Batostoma implicatum is quite an abundant fossil in the Eden shale at Cincinnati and vicinity, but in no instance, to the best of the writer's knowledge, has it been found in beds above the top of this formation (about 280 feet above low water in the Ohio River). James’s reference of his Alecto nevilis to the 400-foot level (Corryville bed) is therefore probably incorrect. AMPLEXOPORA DISCOIDEA (Nicholson). Ne Chaetetes discoideus James, Catal. Foss. Cincinnati group, 1871, p. 4. (Named but not defined. ) Chaetetes discoideus NicHouson, Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, XXX, 1874, p. 511, pl. xxx, figs. 44d. Chaetetes discoideus Nicnouson, Geol. Sury. Ohio, Pal., II, 1875, p. 206, pl. xx1, figs. 15-15e. Monticulipora ( Monotrypa) discoidea Nicnouson, Genus Monticulipora, 1881, p. 1938, pl. rv, figs. 3-3f. Monticulipora discoidea JAmMes and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 1888, p. 163.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X VI, 1894, p. 178. Amplexopora discoidea Uuricu, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., V, 1882, p. 255. Nicholson accredits this species to James, but inasmuch as the latter named it without definition, Chactetes discoideus James is a nomen nudum. The James types of Chactetes discoideus include, in addition to the well-known form described by Nicholson under the same name, specimens of Amplexopora petasiformis (Nicholson) and Aspidopora newberryt (Nicholson) from the Eden shale, Prasopora hospitalis (Nicholson) from the Richmond group, and several undetermined spe- cies ranging in time from the Eden to the Richmond. These various 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. species agree in one character only, namely, the discoid method of growth. Amplexopora discoidea is readily recognized by its discoid habit of growth, absence of mesopores and by rather numerous acanthopores and diaphragms. Occurrence.—A. characteristic fossil of the Fairmount member of the Covington group at Cincinnati, Ohio, and vicinity. AMPLEXOPORA FILIOSA (D’Orbigny). Plate III, figs. 1-3. Monticulipora filiasa D’ OrBIGNY, Prodr. de Pal., I, 1850, p. 25. Leptotrypa filiosa ULricn, Geol. Sury. Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 456, pl. xxxv1, figs. (, fa. Monticulipora filiasa JAMes and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 1888, p. 162.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XV. 18938, p. 158. Amplexopora filiosa Nickues and Bassuger, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 173, 1900, p. 164. Monticulipora subcylindrica (U. P. James, Ms.) J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soe. Nat. Hist., XVIII, 1896, p. 123, fig. 13a-c. The type lot of James’s Monticulipora subcylindrica consists of two specimens, one of which is an example of Dekayella ulrichi and the other—the one from which his illustrations were prepared—proves to be the same as Amplexopora jiliosa (D’Orbigny). Under the cir- cumstances, only the figured specimen should or can be considered as the type of James’s species. As this is an unquestionable example of A, jiliosa, a species described long before by D’Orbigny and well known to Cincinnati collectors, James’s Jf subeylindrica naturally falls into synonymy under A. f/zosa. The unfigured specimen resem- bles the figured type only in that it is a thick subeylindrical stem. In all other respects it differs decidedly and shows the characters of Dekayella ulrichi. (Plate II, figs. 3, 4.) The figured specimen differs from the ordinary masses of Amplexopora jiliosa merely in this, that in growing over and completely covering an Orthoceras it finally assumed a subcylindrical shape. This is not an unusual occurrence, though the majority of specimens are irregularly massive or hemi- spheric in shape. J. F. James has illustrated the internal characters of the specimen regarded as the type of his species, but thin sections of the same prepared by the writer show that his figures are not only misleading but also incorrect. On Plate III of this paper the views presented by these thin sections have been carefully drawn. Amplexopora filiosa is a characteristic and not uncommon fossil ‘ranging from the Fairmount to and through the Corryville members throughout the Ohio Basin, and may readily be recognized by its mas- Sive zoaria, monticulated surface, thin-walled polygonal zocecia and absence of mesopores. The size of the zoarium in specimens seen by the writer has varied from lumps less than 25 mm, in diameter to a No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. Le dome-shaped masses 400 mm. wide and 200 to 300 mm. in height. The surface is generally monticulated, the monticules usually being low and rounded but sometimes strongly elevated and sharply pointed. Nine of the ordinary zocecia may be counted in a distance of 2 mm. Acanthopores are present in the successive mature zones, but are sel- dom readily noticeable at the surface. The internal characters of this species are unusually well marked and constant. A vertical section shows that the zoarium is made up of successive zones distinguished by variations in tabulation and other respects. Often the zones are separated by clay-filled interspaces, but in most cases the zocecial tubes are practically continuous through- out a zoarium. In such specimens the individual zones can only be distinguished by the alternate development of immature and mature regions. In each of the successive immature regions the zocecia have thin walls and few or no acanthopores. Diaphragms are present but are separated from each other by distances varying from 1 to 2 tube diameters. This region passes upward, sometimes abruptly but more commonly rather gradually, into the mature region in which the walls are considerably thickened, small acanthopores developed in large numbers, and the diaphragms increased in number so that two or even three occur in a distance equal to their own diameter. An occa- sional curved or funnel-shaped diaphragm, like those frequently seen in the typical species of the genus, also may be observed in the mature region. Tangential sections passing through the mature zone bring out especially the character separating the genus Amplexopora from the otherwise quite similar group recently named Cyphotrypa. This is, namely, the presence of a central black line separating the walls of adjoining zocecia. In the latter genus the zocecial walls are so amal- gamated that their boundaries can not be distinguished, the central portion being clear or light colored. The zocecia in the immature region have such thin walls that sections show no structural features. Occurrence. —Fairmount, Bellevue, and Corryville members of the Covington group at many localities in the Ohio Basin. Cincinnati, Ohio, is the type locality for both D’Orbigny’s and James’s specimens. AMPLEXOPORA PETASIFORMIS-WELCHI (James). Mohticulipora (Monotrypa) welchi James, Paleontologist, No. 6, 1882, p. 50; No. 7, 1883, pl. 1, figs. 44. Monticulipora petasiformis var. welchi JAMes and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soe. Nat. Hist., X, 1888, p. 169.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XVI, 1894, p. 187. Amplexopora petasiformis-welchi NickLEs and Basser, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 178, 1900, p. 165. This variety differs from A. petas/formis only in the shape of the zoarium, which tends to assume a subramose or ramose growth instead of the usual hat-shaped masses. Variety welchi is of interest mainly 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. in that it bridges the gap between the typical ramose species of Amplexo- pora and the massive forms, such as A. jiliosa or A. petasiformis. Occurrence.—Eden shale, Cincinnati, Ohio, and vicinity. ARTHROPORA CINCINNATIENSIS (James). Plate IV, fig. 7. Ptilodictya ? cineinnatiensis James, Paleontologist, No. 5, 1881, p. 39. This is one of the Cincinnatian species of Avthropora, a genus of bifoliate bryozoa characterized by its regularly and frequently jointed zoaria. In its zocecial structure the species is very similar to the abundant A. shaffer’ (Meek), but the respective zoarial peculiarities of the two forms are so constant and evident as to justify their recogni- tion as distinct species. James gave a fairly good description of his species, a part of which is quoted below, and his diagnosis, together with the figure of the type presented on Plate IV, will probably serve for its ready identification. Original description.—* Polyzoary , consisting of sub- cylindrical, or cylindrical stems, giving off lateral branches from half a line to one line apart at an angle, generally of about 45 degrees; branches varying in length from half a line to over one line; diameter of stems about half a line. The pores vary from long oval to subcir- cular in shape, and are arranged in alternating rows, three or four in the space of half a line measuring their longer diameter (longitudi- nally), and nearly twice that number transversely; separated, generally, about their own diameter apart. * * * ” Compared with Arthropora cleavelandi (James) with which A. cin- cinnatiensis agrees most nearly in growth, the latter may be distin- guished by its smaller, nearly cylindrical and proportionally stouter branches, while in zocecial structure it differs in having decidedly broader interzocecial spaces, causing the zocecial apertures to be much smaller. A. shaffer? agrees better in the external appearance of its zocecia, but differs decidedly in the greater size of its segments and in their broader, relatively shorter, more frequent, and compressed lateral branches. Occurrence.—Not uncommon in the lowermost strata of the Mount Hope member at Cincinnati, Ohio, and vicinity. x * & ARTHROPORA CLEAVELANDI (James). Plate III, figs. 13-16; plate IV, fig. 6. Ptilodictya cleavelandi JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 5, 1881, p. 38. Arthropora shafferi-cleavelandi NickiEs and Basser, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 173, 1900, p. 171. Ptilodictya grahami James, Paleontologist, No.5, 1881, p. 39. Ptilodictya dubia JAMEs, Paleontologist, No. 5, 1881, p. 40. Ptilodictya cleavelandi James, as shown by the type, is founded upon segments of a rather well-marked species of Arthropora occur- — ' "No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 15 ring abundantly throughout the various subdivisions of the Eden shale. The species is characterized by slender, generally nonbifur- cating segments (in consequence of which the complete zoarium must have consisted of comparatively only a few rigid branches), and by the numerousand small lateral branchlets springing out at nearly right angles from the main stem. The segments are usually found sepa- rated, specimens retaining more than a sequence of two or three being extremely rare. In length they vary but little from the average of 7mm. The basal segment is bifurcated and drawn outacuminately below. The types of P. grahami and P. dubia agree exactly in their zoce- cial characters with those of P. cleavelandi and differ from the last only in each having a long striated pointed base and fewer or no lateral branchlets. As here interpreted these three supposed species are founded in two cases upon nothing further than basal segments and in the third case upon the upper segments of one and the same species of Arthropora, for which the name cleaveland? is adopted and the other two rejected. Occurrence. Eden shale, Cincinnati, Ohio, and vicinity. ARTHROPORA KENTUCKYENSIS (James). Plate IV, fig. 5. Ptilodictya kentuckyensis James, Paleontologist, No. 5, 1881, p. 38. Compare Arthropora bifurcata Utricn, Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Minn., Final Rep., ILI, Pt. 1, 1893, p. 178, pl. x1v, figs. 22-25. The types of Ptilodictya kentuckyensis James consist of two frag- mentary examples of a species of Avthropora, which may prove to be closely related to the Minnesota Black River form described by Ulrich“ as Arthropora bifurcata. Better and more complete examples are necessary before this relationship can be determined with certainty. In the meantime both James’s and Ulrich’s names may be recognized as valid. James’s type specimens differ from other species of Arthro- pora in having exceptionally narrow interzocecial spaces. This charac- ter, if constant, may very well be regarded as of specific importance. The jointed, bifoliate zoarium will distinguish A. hentuchyensis from all associated bryozoa. With the exception of A. b¢furcata, the other species of Arthropora are too different to require comparison. Occurrence.—Bromley shale of the Trenton, Ohio River bank oppo- site Cincinnati, Ohio, in strata 10 or 15 feet above low watermark. ARTHROSTYLUS TENUIS (James). Helopora tenuis JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 3. ‘ Arthronema tenuis Unricn, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., V, 1882, p. 160, pl. vi, figs. 8-8c. Arthrostylus tenwis Utricu, Geol, and Nat. Hist. Surv. Minnesota, Final Rept., IT, Pt. 1, 1893, pl. mz, fig. 16¢. @Geol. and Nat, Hist. Sury. Minn., Final Rep., III, Pt. 1, 1893, p. 178. 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. Although the original description of this fine species is incorrect in | several details, the study of the types shows that it was correctly identified and well illustrated by Ulrich in 1882.¢ The zoarium is jointed, but specimens showing the segments still in connection are not common. The segments are very slender, straight, needle-shaped rods, about 5 mm. in length, slightly expanding toward the obtusely rounded upper extremity. The latter articulates with the pointed lower ends of generally two succeeding segments, the complete zoarium appearing to consist of extremely delicate and regu- larly bifurcating branches. Cross sections of a segment are subquad- rangular in shape, three of the sides being concave and equal in width, while the fourth side is slightly convex and half again as wide. Each of the three equal sides bears a row of zocecia, while 6 to 8 longitudi- nal strive mark the fourth side. The zocecial apertures are oval, and when perfect have a delicate and prominent equally elevated rim; 9 zocecia in 2 mm. . The small slender segments of A. fenwis with the three equal cellu- liferous sides and the broader, striated, noncelluliferous fourth side are so different from the zoaria of all other bryozoa in the Cincin- natian series that comparison is not necessary. Not uncommon throughout the Eden shale at Cincin- nati and vicinity. James’s type is from the lower division (Economy member) where specimens are particularly abundant. Occurrence. ASPIDOPORA CALYCULA (James.) Plate I, figs. 8-i0. Lichenalia ? calycula James, Catal. Foss. Cincinnati Group, 1871, p. 5 (not defined) . Chitetes ? calyculus JAMES, Introd. Catal. Foss. Cincinnati Group, 1875, p. 1. Monticulipora (Diplotrypa) calycula Nicnouson, Genus Monticulipora, 1881, p. 165, pl. iv, figs. 4-4). p Monticulipora calycula J AMES and J Amks, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 1888, p. 167.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X VI, 1894, p. 184. Aspidopora calycula Utricn, Geol. and Nat. Hist. Sury., Minnesota, Final Rept., III, Pt. 1, 1893, p. 255. Most of the characters of this species have been so well described and illustrated by Nicholson that its identification is a matter of little difficulty. New figures of the internal structure are introduced here partly to show the identity of James’s types with the form described by Nicholson, but mainly to give a better illustration of a vertical section than has been published heretofore. In the vertical section figured by Nicholson the zoarium is cut in such a way that a false idea of the internal features is presented. Such sections, in order to bring out the essential characters, should cut the zoarium at right angles to the growing edge. A. ca/ycula, when sectioned in this way, shows “Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Minn., Final Report, III, Pt. 1, 1893, pl. mm, fig. 16e. + ir =! No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. tT that an immature zone is present as in nearly all Paleozoic bryozoa, but this region is so short that it will not be noticed unless the section is made in the manner indicated above. Numerous acanthopores and closely tabulated mesopores are developed in the mature region, while each zocecium generally shows a single large cystiphragm occupying the bend from the immatnre to the mature region. Rarely a second and even a third may be developed above the first. Aspidopora calycula is the only described species of the genus occurring in the particular strata in which it is found, while from associated bryozoa the discoid zoarium with numerous mesopores and acanthopores and the zocecial tubes with large cystiphragms will serve as a ready means of separation. Occurrence.—Not uncommon in the Bromley shale of the Trenton, exposed along the Ohio River bank opposite Cincinnati, Ohio. ASPIDOPORA ECCENTRICA (James). Plate Fl, figs. 8-12; plate V, figs. 7, 8. Montieulipora (Heterotrypa?) eccentrica JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 6, 1882, p. 48; No. 7, pl. 1, figs. 6, 6a. Monticulipora eccentrica JAMES and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 1888, p. 167, pl. 1, figs. 2a-c.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XVI, 1894, p. 185. Aspidopora eccentrica Utricu, Geol. and Nat. Hist. Sury., Minnesota, Final Rept., IIL, Pt. 1, 1893, p. 255. Zoarium a small, free, subcircular expansion averaging 4 mm. in diameter and 1 mm. or less in thickness. Occasionally several of these disks may be found in contact and forming a zoarium as in A. areolata Ulrich. Celluliferous face smooth, slightly convex, and ‘showing that the zoarium is composed of a single macula surrounded by zocecia of the normal size. Under surface flat or concave and lined with an epithe- cal membrane whose wrinkles or lines of growth are arranged about a point nearer the margin than the center of the base. Zocecial aper- tures rounded or ovate, the average diameter of the ordinary zocecium 0.3 mm. with 6 in 2 mm. while the largest zocecia of the macule attain a diameter half againas great. Mesopores rather numerous, 6 usually surrounding a zocecium and occupying the fnterspaces left by the zocecia where their walls fail to touch. Acanthopores few and small and sel- dom detected either in sections or on the specimens. The internal characters of this form differ but little from other species of the genus. The large, elongate but few cystiphragms and the absence of diaphragms characterize the zocecial tubes while the mesopores are, as usual in this genus, closely tabulated. This neat little species can readily be recognized by its small subcir- cular zoarium and the eccentric wrinkles of the epithecated side. The species seems to be restricted to the middle division of the Eden shale in the Cincinnati area. Washings from certain shale beds will often Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06 2 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. yield hundreds of free examples while the limestone layers sometimes show an abundance of specimens on their surfaces. The best develop- ment of the species at Cincinnati occurs in the shales at a horizon 170 feet above low water mark in the Ohio River. Occurrence.—Southgate member of the Eden shale, Cincinnati, Ohio, and vicinity. BATOSTOMA VARIANS (James). Chaetetes varians JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 2. Monticulipora ( Chaetetes) varians JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 5, 1881, p. 36. Monticulipora varians JAMES and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 1888, p. 177, pl. 1, figs. 4a, b.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XV 1, 18945. 199: Batostoma varians NicKuEs and Bassuer, Bull. U. 8. Geological Survey, No. 173, 1900, p. 179. Batostoma variabile (part) Utricu, Geol. Sury. Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 460, pl. xxxV, figs. 4b-4e (not 4, 4a, 5, or pl. xxxv1, fig. 1). The earliest description of this species was suflicient for its recog- nition especially since it was compared with Chaetetes (now Batostoma) jamest Nicholson, of which good figures and a description had appeared some years before. James’s description of 1881 also gives a fair idea of the form and comparisons with the related B. james. Ulrich’s defi- nition and figures of Latostoma variabile” prove upon further investiga- tion to be founded upon at least two distinct species of Batostoma, one of which as indicated above is synonymous with ZB. varians, while the second is here recognized and redefined as B. variabile. The geological occurrence of the two species is quite different, B. varians ranging from the Arnheim formation to and through the Whitewater forma- tion of the Richmond group, and 4. variabile being a characteristic fossil of the uppermost beds of the same group. Comparing B. varians with B. james’, the former is found to have thin-walled, angular, instead of oval, thick-walled zocecia, few and irregularly placed instead of numerous mesopores, fewer diaphragms, and a lobate or subfrondescent zoarium instead of a regularly ramose one as in the latter species. For good figures of both the internal and external characters of B. varians, the student is referred to those mentioned above under the citation of B. vwariabile. Occurrence. —Abundant in the Arnheim, Waynesville, Liberty, and Whitewater formations of the Richmond group in Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky. BATOSTOMA VARIABILE Ulrich (restricted). Plate VII, figs. 9, 10. Batostoma variabile (part) Uuricu, Geol. Sury. Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 460, pl. XXXvV, fig. 5; pl. xxxvi, fig. 1 (not pl. xxxv, figs. 44-4e= B. varians). As mentioned in the remarks under the preceding species, Ulrich’s Batostoma variabile includes at least two distinct forms, one of which @Geol. Sury. Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 460. | : No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 19 is the same as Latostoma varians (James), while the second is a good species of the same genus. The writer proposes to restrict the spe- cies Batostoma variabile to the second form. Illustrations of the external features of this form have already been published by Ulrich, as cited above, and figures of the internal structure are given on Plate VII of this article. B. variabile, as thus restricted, forms robust, cylindrical or subecom- pressed usually infrequently dividing stems, 10 mm. or more in diam- eter. The surface of the zoarium is smooth but maculze of conspicu- ously larger zocecia are present. The zocecia are thin-walled and angular at the surface with mesopores practically absent. Below the surface the zocecial walls are so thickened by deposits of tissue along their sides that a tangential section through this region gives a rounded aspect to the apertures. Six to seven of the ordinary zocecia occur in2 mm. Acanthopores sometimes large and occupying all the zocecial angles, but at other times not a conspicuous feature. Distribu- tion of diaphragms and other internal features as shown on Plate VII. Because of the absence of mesopores, this species shows with unu- sual distinctness in tangential sections, the black line separating the walls of contiguous zocecia, a characteristic feature of this as well as a number of other genera of the monticuliporoids. The large, smooth, ramose zoarium, angular contiguous zocecia, few mesopores, and con- spicuous clusters are characters sufficient to distinguish this form from other species of the genus. The specimens figured by Ulrich from the Richmond group at Savannah, Illinois (Plate XX XV, figs. 4, 4a, in the work cited above) can not be determined with certainty on account of their ill-preserved internal structure, but it is probable that they belong to neither of the two species under discussion. Occurrence. —Uppermost beds of Richmond group at a number of localities in Indiana and Ohio. The types which are in the collections of the U. 8. National Museum, were found in the vicinity of Osgood, Indiana. BYTHOPORA ARCTIPORA (Nicholson). Plate Il, figs. 1, 2. Ptilodictya ? arctipora NicHoutson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), XV, 1875, p. 180, pl. xiv, figs. 4-45. Ptilodictya ? arctipora NicHouson, Geol. Sury. Ohio, Pal., II, 1875, p. 262, pl. xxv, figs. 9-9). Bythopora arctipora Mititer and Dysr, Contr. to Pal., No. 2, 1878, p. 6. Chetetes minutus JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 3, 1879, p. 20. The types of Chaetetes minutus James consist of a number of speci- mens of asmall species of Bythopora. Carefully compared with other species of this genus, they all prove to be more or less youthful branches of the. same species of which Nicholson had previously 20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOU. Kxexs described“ very old examples under the name Ptilodictya ? arctipora. This determination was quite unexpected since in their revision of the Monticuliporoids James and James, who might be expected to know the facts in the case and therefore were followed by Nickles and the writer,’ place C. minutus as a synonym of Monticulipora (now Bytho- pora) delicatula (Nicholson).° Occurrence.— Bythopora arctipora is a characteristic and very abun- dant fossil of all the divisions of the Eden shale in the Ohio basin. The types of C. minutus were found near Loveland, Clermont County, Ohio. BYTHOPORA DENDRINA (James). se dendrina JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 3 (July 2, 1878); No. 2, . . ae dendrina NicKLEs and Bassuer, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 173, 1900, p. 185. Bythopora fruticosa Miuuter and Dyer, Contr. to Pal., No. 2, 1878, p. 6. pl. rv, figs. 6, 6a (July 22, 1878). The type of /elopora dendrina does not belong to the James collec- tion and the following remarks are introduced here only to indicate the rather unusual history of the species. As indicated in the above synonymy, James’s species antedates B. fruticosa by only twenty days, but both names seem to be founded upon the same specimen. The specimen described by James was an unusually fine zoarium found by Mr. Charles Schuchert, who, after James’s description had been writ- ten, disposed of it to Mr. C. B. Dyer. The type of B. fruticosa came from Mr. Dyer’s collection, and apparently is the same specimen as that found by Mr. Schuchert, the result being that the two names have not only been founded upon the same species, but probably also upon the same specimen. B. dendrvina may be distinguished from other species of Bythopora by its frequently branching, slender stems; James’s description brings out the superficial characters even though unaccompanied by illustra- tion. Occurrence.—Fairview formation, Cincinnati, Ohio, and vicinity. BYTHOPORA GRACILIS (Nicholson. ) Chaetetes gracilis JaAMEs, Catal. Low. Sil. Foss. Cincinnati Group, 1871, p. 3 (named only). Chaetetes gracilis NICHOLSON, Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, XXX, 1874, p. 504, pl. xxrx, figs. 7, 7a; Geol. Surv. Ohio, Pal., II, 1875, p. 198, pl. xx1, figs. 8, 8b. Monticutipora (Heterotrypa) gracilis Nicnotson, Genus Monticulipora, 1881, p. 125, pl. nu, figs. 1-1b, and fig. 20. @Geol. Sury. Ohio, Pal., II, 1875, p- 262. ? Bull. U. 8. Geological Survey, No. 173, 1900, p. 184. « Chaetetes delicatulus Nicholson, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, XXX, 1874, p. 505, pl. xxix, figs, 8-8b. bo No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. ] Monticulipora gracilis JAMes and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 1888, p. 175. Monticulipora gracilis J, F. James, Jour, Cincinnati Soc. Nat, Hist., XVI, 1894, p. 191. Batostomella gracilis Utricu, Geol. Sury. Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 432, pl. xxxv, fig. 2. Bythopora gracilis Nickirs and Bassuer, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 173, 1900, p- 185. This species among others was merely named by James but described and accredited to him by Nicholson. As in this and other similar cases, the James name is a nomen nudum, so that the real author of the species is Nicholson. The species has been well described and figured by Nicholson and Ulrich, and the student is referred to the works above cited for their detailed descriptions. Occurrence.—Abundant in the Fairview and McMillan formations throughout the Ohio Basin. The species is especially abundant in the Corryville member, many slabs from this division being covered with their white, smooth, narrow branches. BYTHOPORA MEEKI (James). Chaetetes meeki JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 1. Monticulipora (Chaetetes) meeki JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 5, 1881, p. 35. Monticulipora gracilis var. meeki NicHouson, Genus Monticulipora, 1881, p. 127. Monticulipora meeki JAmes and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 1888, p. 174.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XVI, 1894, p. 192. Bythopora meeki Nickurs and Bassuer, Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury., No. 173, 1900, p. 186. The type lot of Chaetetes meeki James contains, besides the well- known form regarded by Nicholson as a variety of Monticulipora gra- cilis, specimens of Rhombotrypa quadrata (Rominger), Homotrypa communis Bassler, an undetermined species, and a ramose example of Lomotrypa flabellaris Ulrich. -All of these species agree in but one feature, the general form of the zoarium, and also show how little value can be attached to this character alone. Strangely enough with such a mixture, James’s descriptions are correct since he recognizes the relationship of his species with Chaetetes (now Bythopora) gracilis and gives good comparisons between the two forms. Evidently he based his remarks upon a few of his ‘‘types” and these happened to be of the species now recognized as Bythopora mecki. The various species of Bythopora are so much alike in internal structure that it is not strange that Nicholson considered the species under discussion only a variety of his Monticulipora gracilis. THow- ever, the fact that it occupies and is characteristic of a different geo- logical horizon, and always forms a considerably larger zoarium, seems to me reason enotgh for its rank as a distinct species. Bythopora gracilis forms long slender stems seldom over 3 mm. in diameter and characterizes the Fairview. and McMillan formations, while the 22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. branches of B. meek? are seldom less than 6 or 7 mm. in diameter, and occur only in the Waynesville formation of the Richmond group. Occurrence.—W ay nesville formation, Richmond group, at most local- ities in the Ohio Basin. James’s types were from Clinton and Warren counties, Ohio. BYTHOPORA PARVULA (James). Plate III, figs. 11, 12; plate V, fig. 4. Helopora parvula James, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 3. Bythopora parvula Nickuxes and Bassuer, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 173, 1900, p. 186. The types of Helopora parvula are from the upper part of the Eden shale, and prove to represent a form of Lythopora quite distinct from other species of this genus. The following description and compari- son bring out its essential features. Zoarium consisting of very slender cylindrical branches seldom exceeding 0.4 mm. in diameter, dividing at irregular but rather long intervals and bearing 4 or 5 rows of elongate oval zocecia rounded behind and drawn out in front, separated from each other longitudi- nally by spaces equal to their longer diameter. Measuring length- wise about 5 zocecia in 2 mm. Narrow, channeled interspaces sepa- rate the rows of zoccia. Mesopores and acanthopores obsolete or apparently wanting. Diaphragms sparingly developed. In its internal characters the species simulates Vematopora, but the proportionally much greater length of the zocecial tubes is regarded as indicating the trepostomatous genus Bythopora rather than the Cryptostomata. Compared with other species of Lythopora, the present form may be easily distinguished by its extremely slender branches and widely separated zocecial apertures. The associated B. arctipora has broader branches and more closely set zocecia and well developed acanthopores in greater or less abundance. Occurrence.—MeMicken member ot Eden shale, Loveland, Ohio. CALLOPORA MULTITABULATA (Ulrich). Plate I, figs. 5-7. Monticulipora kentuckensis JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 7, 1883, p. 57, pl. m1, figs. 1-1b. Monticulipora kentuckensis JAMES and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 1888, p. 180, pl. 1, figs. 6a-d.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XVI, 1894, p. 203. Monotrypella multitabulata Utricu, Fourteenth Ann. Rep. Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv. Minnesota, 1886, p. 100. Callopora multitabulata Unricu, Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Minnesota, Final Rept., III, Pt. 1, 1893, p. 280, pl. xx1n, figs. 11, 12, 16, 17, 24-26, 30, 31. Monticulipora kentuckensis James could certainly never be recog- nized from any of the descriptions or figures given by its author. ee No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 23 The descriptions bring out no distinctive characters and the figures, especially of the internal structure, are inadequate and indeed quite incorrect. Figs. 5-7 on Plate I faithfully present the characters shown in the sections originally used and figured by James and James. A comparison of the two sets of figures will show decided differences. _James’s types prove to be the same as the Kentucky form of the species well described by Ulrich as Monotrypella multitabulata.¢ However, since James’s description and figures, as already stated, are wholly inadequate and incorrect in the most essential features, it clearly falls into synonymy under the rules cited on a previous page. Occurrence.—Abundant in the Lexington limestone of the Trenton at a number of localities in Kentucky. James’s types were found at Paris, Kentucky, but were erroneously recorded as coming from the Cincinnati group. CALLOPORA ONEALLI (James). Plate VI, figs. 1, 2. Chetetes ? o’nealli JAMES, Introd. Catal. Low. Sil. Foss., 1875, p. 2. Monticulipora o’nealli JAMES and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 1888, p. 174.—J. F. Jamus, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X VI, 1894, p. 194. Callopora onealli Mruuter, North American Geol. Pal., 1889, p. 296. Not Monticulipora (Heterotrypa) o’nealli NicHotson, Genus Monticulipora, 1881, p. 118 = Callopora onealli sigillarioides (Nicholson). The lower third of the Eden shale wherever exposed in the Ohio Basin generally contains a small species of Ca/lopora in abundance. The same formation, especially the upper third, affords great num- bers of two well-marked varieties. The small, earlier form of this species was first described by James in 1875, as above cited, under the name of Chextetes ? o’nealli but figures were never published. In 1882, the same author distinguished one of the varieties as Monticul7- pora (Heterotrypa) onealli ? var. communis. The other variety is the same as the form described in 1875 by Nicholson under the name Chetetes sigillarioides.” In the ‘*‘Genus Monticulipora,” Nicholson abandoned his species, believing it to be identical with C. oneallc. Nickles and Bassler in their Synopsis proposed the arrangement of these forms as given in this paper, namely, recognizing C. onealli as a distinct species with the two varieties communis and sigdlariovdes. The zoarium of C. onealli is of narrow, frequently dividing branches 1.5 to 2.0 mm. in diameter, often anastomosing so as to form a small bushy clump. The zocecia, of which 5 to 6 occur in 2 mm., are oval and separated by more or less numerous mesopores. Variety communis has the same zoarial growth, but its branches are much more robust, their average diameter being 7 mm. Its zocecia also are polygonal “Fourteenth Ann. Rep. Geol. Nat. Hist. Sury. Minnosota, 1886, p. 100. b Pal. Ohio, II, 1875, p. 208, pl. xxu11, figs. 9, 9a. 94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. and in contact at the surface because of the scarcity of mesopores in this region. The zocecial characters of variety sigillarioides are the same as in the typical form, but the zoarium differs in consisting of rather long, graceful branches, 4 or 5 mm. in diameter, dividing less frequently and not tending to anastomose. The internal structure of C. oneall/ is essentially the same as that figured by Nicholson in 1881% for the variety s¢gi/larioides, but tangen- tial sections of variety communis differ from both in showing few meso- pores and polygonal zocecia. Oceurrence.— C. onealli is particularly abundant in the Economy member of the Eden shale in the vicinity of Cincinnati; variety s¢gd- larioides ranges through the formation in equal abundance while variety communis is best developed in the upper (McMicken) member of these rocks. CALLOPORA ONEALLI COMMUNIS (James). Plate I, fig. 13; plate IV, figs. 8, 9. Monticulipora (Heterotrypa) onealli? var. communis JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 6, 1882, p..47; No. 7, 1883, pl. 1, fig. 8. Monticulipora communis JAMES and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 1888, p. 175, pl. u, figs. 5a, b.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XVI, 1894, p. 195. Callopora onealli-communis Nickies and Basster, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 173, 1900, p. 190. This variety has been discussed in the remarks under Callopora onealli and, as there stated, may be distinguished from the typical form of the species by its decidedly robust instead of delicate branches and by its few mesopores. The branches are usually about 7 mm. in diameter and form bushy masses by their anastomosis. The internal strueture is the same as in C. onealli and var. siyillarioides with the exception that as the surface is approached many of the mesopores pinch out so that at the surface itself the zocecia are in contact prac- tically on all sides. This causes the zocecia to assume a polygonal outline and to become a trifle larger than in typical C. onealli. They are also larger than in the variety s¢g/llarioides, but the average number of zocecia in a given space is the same in all three forms. The types of the variety communis are missing, but the examples here figured on Plate IV are identical with specimens labeled by Mr. James in the collections of the U. S. National Museum. — Occurrence.—Abundant in the Eden shale at many localities in the Ohio Basin, Cincinnati being the type locality. Especially fine speci- mens are found in the upper beds of this formation. “Genus Monticulipora, 1881, p. 118, pl. 1m, figs. 3-3f. No, 1442, JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 25 CALLOPORELLA CIRCULARIS (James). Monticulipora ( Heterotrypa) circularis JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 6, 1882, p. 46. ~ Monticulipora circularis JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 7, 1883, p. 58, pl.t, figs. 3, 3a. Monticulipora lens JAMES and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 1888, p. 165.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XVI, 1894, p. 181. (Not Nebulipora lens McCoy. ) Calloporella harrisi Utricn, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., VI, 1883, p. 91, pl. 1, figs. 5-5e. Calloporella circularis Nickies and Basster, Bull. U. S. Geol. Sury., No. 173 1900, p. 193. ’ James’s original description of this form is clear enough to make one reasonably certain that his species is the same as that described and figured shortly after by Ulrich as Calloporella harrisi and an examination of the type specimensof each provesthis beyond a doubt. The absence of figures in the case of J/. circularisis nota valid excuse for rejecting the name, inasmuch as the description gives a clear state- ment of both the internal and external characters. James and James in 1888 and J. F. James again in 1894 recognize JM. circularis as a synonym of McCoy’s Nebulipora lens—a species from Great Britain which has a similar zoarial growth, but whose zocecial characters are not yet known. The possibility of the two forms proving to repre- sent the same species is, in the opinion of the writer, very remote. Ulrich has given a good description and figures of the species and the student is referred to his work. The discoid zoarium, with rounded zocecia surrounded by ring-like walls and separated by numerous closely tabulated mesopores, characterize the species. Occurrence.—Not uncommon in the Waynesville formation of the Richmond. The type locality is Westboro, Ohio, but the species has been found at many other places in southwestern Ohio and southeastern Indiana. CERAMOPORA CONCENTRICA James. Ceramopora concentrica JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 5. Ceramopora concentrica JAMES and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., NJ, 1888, p. 38, pl. 1, figs. 8, 8 a. Not Celoclema concentricum Nickies and Basster, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury. No. 173, 1900, p. 212 (=Celoclema ( Diamesopora) commune (ULRICH) ). The original description of this form is too vague for recognition, and the species must date from 1883, when James and James gave another description and figured a specimen. The type lot, from which the original description was apparently drawn, consists of the following: (1) Three specimens of Ceramoporella distincta Ulrich from the Eden shale at Cincinnati or vicinity. (2) Two specimens of Ceramoporella ohioensis (Nicholson) from the upper beds of the Eden shale at Cincinnati. 26 PROCEEDINGS. OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. (3) One specimen of the basal” expansion oF Chiloporella flabellata (Ulrich) from the Corryville member at Cincinnati. (4) Several specimens of the basal expansion of Cocloclema commune (Ulrich) and fragments of the branches of the same species, all of these being from the lower part of the Eden shale, and probably from the bank of the Ohio River at Ludlow, Kentucky. The specimen selected for illustration by James and James,“and which should be adopted as the real type of the species, is a robust, frequently branching specimen of Callopora onealli-sigillarioides (Nicholson) over- grown by a finely preserved example of Ceramoporella ohioensis (Nich- olson).’ This specimen was found in the upper beds of the Eden shale, near Eden Park reservoir, Cincinnati. Ceramopora concentrica James and James, therefore, as based on the figured type, is a synonym for Ceramoporella ohioensis (Nicholson). Without the specimen it would be impossible to make this determination, since the figure is wholly without distinctive characters. As stated, the original description is too indefinite, and, as the type lot shows, based upon too many dis- tinct species for recognition. Nickles and the writer in their Sy nopsis of American Fossil Bea referred James’s Ceramopora concentrica to the genus Coeloclema, mak- ing Ulrich’s Diamesopora communis a synonym. How erroneous our ideas of the species were is shown by the above remarks, our concep- tion of the species being based upon a ee specimen received by Mr. Nickles some years ago from Mr. James, and which happened to be the same as Ulrich’s Diamesopora (now Coan lema) communis. Hence Coeloclema concentricum of Nickles and Bassler is a synonym of Coeloclema commune (Ulrich). CERAMOPORA ? IRREGULARIS James. Ceramopora ? irregularis JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 5. This species was described as incrusting foreign substances and having cells similar to those of Chactetes jamest Nicholson. The simi- larity to the species mentioned is borne out by the type specimens, inasmuch as three of the type lot are typical ramose examples of C. (now Batostoma) jamesi and four are incrusting forms of the same species, while the remaining specimen represents the parasitic base of Batostoma implicatum. The variation in the shape of the zocecia which suggested the specific name is due either to growth over an uneven surface or to indentations of the zocecial walls caused by the development of numer- ous acanthopores. Instead of being a synonym of B. ¢mplicatum, as stated by Nickles and Bassler, > teks name should have been placed as « Jour. Gramanan Soc. Nat. ieee XJ, 1888, pl. 1 . 8, 8a » Ceramopora ohioensis fcholson: Pal. Ohio, II, a 75, p. 265, pl. xxv, figs. 10a, b, e (not 10 ¢, d). e No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. are synonymous in part with both B. james? and. B. jmplicatum. How- ever, the original and only diagnosis is so vague that for that reason alone the name ought to be dropped. CERAMOPORA NICHOLSONI James. Ceramopora nicholsoni JAMES, Catal. Foss. Cincinnati Group, 1875, p. 3. Monticulipora (Fistulipora) nicholsoni James and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XI, 1888, p. 34, pl. 1, figs. 6-6e.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XVIII, 1896, p. 121, fig. 12. Not Chiloporella nicholsoni Nrckues and Bassuer, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 173, 1900, p. 207 (=Chiloporella flabellata Utricn). This species was first described by James as ‘‘incrusting foreign substances.” The type species, however, is not an incrusting form but is a solid flabellate expansion, and that this specimen is the one used by James for his description is attested by the label in his hand- writing accompanying it. The name C. nicholson? therefore, being founded on characters which do not belong to the specimen, following the laws of nomenclature, must be abandoned. James’s type is an example of /’%stulipora flabellata described by Ulrich in 1879. In 1879 James also described the two species, /. mult/- poraand LF. silurvana, but in the James and James revision of the Monticuliporide in 1888, these two names, together with Ulrich’s Ff, flabellata and also Callopora cincinnatiensis of the same author were made synonyms of (C. nicholsoni. The respective types of I. multipora and F. siluriana, as noted under these headings in this paper, contain a number of different species, while Ulrich’s Cadlopora cincinnatiensis, the third supposed synonym which was erroneously described by its author as coming from Cincinnati, happens to be the same as Lioclema occidens (Hall and Whittield) from the Upper Devonian of Iowa.@ Nickles and Bassler, believing that with the exception of C. eincin- natiensis, the synonymy given by James for (. nicholson? was correct, recognized his species as Chiloporella nicholsoni, and placed Ulrich’s well-defined Chiloporella (Fistulipora) flabellata as a synonym. Had they seen the types they certainly would not have fallen into this error, nor would such stress have been put upon ‘‘ authentic” specimens had they known of the number of distinct forms often included among the specimens marked as the original types of one and the same species. To sum up, the writer would now regard Ceramopora nicholsoni and its so-called synonyms as follows: (1) Ceramopora nicholsoni itself must be abandoned, since the species is founded upon characters not shown by the type. (2) /’stulipora flabellata Ulrich is recognized as a good species and as the type of the genus Chiloporella. (3) Both @Geol. Sury. Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 427. 28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vor. cx the types of each, moreover, include a number of distinet species. Therefore neither of the last two names is held as valid. (4) Callopora cincinnatiensis is a synonym for Lioclema occidens and has no relation at all with any of the Cincinnatian bryozoa. CERAMOPORA RADIATA James. Ceramopora radiata JAmEs, Paleontologist, No. 2, 1878, p. 12. The type and only specimen described under this name proves to be a young example of Ceramoporella granulosa milfordensis (James) from the Eden shale at Cincinnati. The specimen consists of but a few macule with the zocecial apertures long-drawn out and radiating from them in a more marked degree than usual. A similar condition characterizes young specimens of all species of Ceramoporella. Con- sequently the radial arrangement depended upon in distinguishing the species should not be regarded as a valid specific character. CERAMOPORELLA GRANULOSA MILFORDENSIS (James). Plate VI, fig. 7. Callopora milfordensis JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 2, 1878, p. 11. Monticulipora ( Fistulipora) milfordensis JAMES and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soe. Nat. Hist., XI, 1888, p. 36, pl. 1, figs. 7-7b—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XVIII, 1896, p. 122. Ceramoporella granulosa milfordensis NicKLEs and BassuEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sur- vey, No. 173, 1900, p. 200. None of the descriptions or figures of this form is sufficient for its recognition, but I have adopted James’s name in a subordinate sense to distinguish an abundant Eden shale variety of Ceramoporella. The specimens separated by James under the specific name 7/fordensis are of a Ceramoporella that ranges with certain slight but distinguish- able modifications through all the subdivisions of the Covington and Richmond groups. The first recognizable description and figures of one of the varieties of this cosmopolitan species was published in 1890 by Ulrich when he proposed the specific designation C. granulosa for the form occurring so abundantly in the shaly limestone of the Rich- mond group in northern Illinois. Variety m/fordensis differs from the typical C. granulosa in having slightly smaller zocecia and in the very slight development of the peculiar granules that occur so abun- dantly in the Illinois types of the species. The zoaria of the latter also grow into much thicker and larger masses than those of the Eden shales variety. Other forms of this general type were found in succeeding Cincin- natian rocks. In course of time these probably will receive similar subordinate designations. «Geol. Surv. Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 466, pl. x1, figs. 2, 2". . j NO. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 29 Occurrence.—The James types were found in the Eden shales at Milford, Ohio, but the variety occurs generally in abundance in the Ohio Basin wherever the strata mentioned are exposed. CERAMOPORELLA WHITEI (James), Plate V, fig. 6; plate VI, figs. 8-10. Ceramopora whitei James, Paleontologist No. 2, 1878, p. 12. Ceramopora ? whitei JAMEs and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XI, 1888, pees, pl. 1; figs.-9;.9¢. Ceramoporella whitei NickLEs and Basser, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 173, 1900, p- 201. James recognized the relations of this species by comparing it in his original description with Nicholson’s C. ohioensis.“ The description and figures given by. James.and James in 1888 are practically worth- less. The figure of the type agrees so little with the specimen itself that were it not for the presence of three cracks traversing it, one could not be certain of the identification. The view of the surface enlarged is also incorrect, as a comparison with a photograph of the same on Plate V will show. Fortunately the species has not been described under any other name, so that James’s specific designation may be retained. The zoarium forms thin crusts over foreign bodies, but by the super- position of numerous layers may become massive. Each zoarial layer is short, rarely exceeding 1.5 mm. in thickness. Surface smooth, the maculz or clusters of rather thick-walled mesopores not being elevated. Zocecia small, more or less angular, thin-walled and direct, about 7 in 2mm. Mesopores generally few, sometimes absent altogether. Lunarium occupying from one-fourth to one-third of the zocecial cir- cumference, seldom overarching the zocecial cavity and always a more or less inconspicuous feature of the surface. The internal structure is essentially the same as in other species of the genus and is more clearly brought out by the figures on Plate VI than would be possible by description. As is the case in other species of the same section of Ceramoporella, C. white: exhibits considerable variation. This consists principally of (1) differences in the relative number and distribution of the meso- pores even in different or adjoining parts of the same zoarium, (2) in the degree in which the zocecia imbricate, and consequently (3) in the degree of obliquity of the apertures, and (4) in the extent to which the lunaria are developed in the zocecia occupying the macule. How- ever, the features presented by James’s type are exhibited on at least a portion of nearly every one of several hundred specimens seen by the writer. “Ceramopora ohioensis Nicholson, Pal. Ohio, II, 1875, p. 265, pl. xxv, figs. 10 a, b, e (not 10 ¢, d.). ‘ . 30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. C.. ohioensis, a closely related species, may be separated by its uni- formly more imbricating and radially arranged triangular-shaped zoce- cial apertures and conspicuous, over-arching lunaria. Occurrence.—James’s type came from the Corryville member at Cincinnati. The species is not uncommon and ranges from this bed to and through the various divisions of the Richmond group. CHAETETES CRUSTULATUS James. Chetetes crustulatus JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 1; No. 3, 1879, p. 20. Monticulipora crustulata JAMeEs and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XI, 1888, p. 23, pl. 1, figs. 2, 2a. Monticulipora crustulata J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X VIII, 1895, p. 82. The original description of this form is so general that it is impossi- ble to determine which particular one of the four or five species found in the Cincinnatian series incrusting Orthocerata was intended by its author. Indeed it is probable that he had no particular one in mind as the synonymy given later by James and James indicates. The specimens upon which Mr. James founded his original diagnosis are not distinguished in the collection. The type specimen selected. and figured in 1888 as Monticulipora crustulata is probably an example of Spatiopora maculosa Ulrich which had been accurately defined and figured by that author in 1883.¢ ‘This identification, however, is based only on the general view of the zoarium,’ the figure of the surface enlarged (fig. 27) being almost certainly incorrect since the thickness of wall shown is not attained by any Cincinnatian bryozoan known to me. This figured specimen is missing, but another example now marked as the type is Spatiopora maculosa Ulrich. The name Chuetetes crustulatus, therefore, must be dropped since it was not defined exactly enough for recognition. MJonticulipora crustulata although figured, can not be determined with certainty because of the poor illustrations and the absence of the type specimen. CHAETETES LYCOPERDON James (not Hall). Chaetetes lycoperdon JAMES Paleontologist, No. 2, 1878, p. 11. Chaetetes lycopodites JAMES Paleontologist, No. 3, 1879, p. 20. The specific names lycoperdon and lycopodites were employed by James for some massive Cincinnatian bryozoan but which one can not be decided from his descriptions. His collection also now contains no specimen labelled with either of these names. It matters little, how- ever, since so many species have been described by authors under the designation Chaetetes Lycoperdon that the name, never having been restricted to any particular one, now has no standing. « Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., VI, 1883, p. 167, pl. vu, fig. 6. > James and James, 1888, pl. 1, fig. 2. © No 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. a1 _ CHAETETES PETROPOLITANUS James (not Pander). Chaetetes petropolitanus James, Paleontologist, No. 2, 1878, p. 11. The Cincinnatian form referred to as above by James 1s most cer- tainly not the same as the European Ordovician species described by Pander. Which particular one of the massive or hemispheric forms James had in mind can not be determined. Possibly Amplexopora petasiformis (Nicholson) was the form intended, but the matter is of no consequence since the James identification of C. petropolitanus is unmistakably incorrect. CHAETETES SUBROTUNDUS James. ( Chaetetes subrotundus JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 2, 1878, p. 11. Astylospongia subrotundus JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 5, 1881, p. 34. Microspongia ? subrotundus J. F. JAmes, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XIV, 1891, p. 55, fig. 1. The name under which this form was first described would lead one to believe it to be a bryozoan. Subsequently, as shown above, the form was regarded as a species of Astylospongia and later as Micro- spongia. ‘There is little doubt that the specimens belong to one of the numerous forms or variations of india sphaevoidalis Duncan. The type specimens of C. subrotundus were found at Ogden Station, Clin- ton County, Ohio. CHAETETES TURBINATUM James. Chaetetes turbinatum J Ames, Paleontologist, No. 2, 1878, p. 11. Monticulipora turbinata JAMES and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 1888, p. 161, pl. 11, figs. 1 a-c.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XV, 1893, p. 158. Not Monotrypa turbinata NickuEs and Basser, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 173, 1900, p. 316 (= Monotrypa subglobosa Ulrich). The name Chaetetes turbinatum was proposed tentatively in 1878 for specimens differing from Chaetetes petropolitanus in being turbinate in form and in having the basal attachment small. (C. turbinatum was stated to range from the lowest to the highest exposed beds at Cincin- nati and vicinity. Now just which one of the six or more massive bryozoa occurring in this range of strata at Cincinnati was considered as Chaetetes petropolitanus can never be accurately determined from the literature, and none of the specimens in the James’s collection is labelled so as to indicate which form that author had in mind. This first reference to Chaetetes turb/natum is therefore of no value, the name being little more than a nomen nudum. In 1879 Ulrich described Chaetetes subglobosus,* which James and James recognized as a synonym of their C. turbinatum in 1888,’ when «Jour. Cincinnati Nat. Hist., II, 1879, p. 129, pl. x1, figs. 11-11b. bIdem., X, 1888, p. 161. 32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. they figured and deser ibed their species for the first time, the original definition being merely a comparison with an apareecely identified Cincinnati species. In the paper mentioned the latter authors figure two specimens which in the collection are labelled as the types of the species. These specimens agree in one character only, namely, the turbinate growth ascribed to the species by the authors. The zoccia of each, however, are so different in size, shape, and arrangement that a lens is not necessary to determine that the two specimens repre- sent very distinct species. The original of fig. 16% is a specimen of Cyphotrypa acervulosa (Ulrich),’? a species hitherto known only from the Trenton. It is doubtful whether this specimen came from Cin- cinnati, as isstated by James. Still, it is possible that it was found in the Trenton strata exposed opposite Cincinnati along the banks of the Ohio River. The second figured type (fig. la of the article cited) is a typical example of Jonotrypa subglobosa (Ulrich),’ found only in the lower part of the Eden shales. Fig. 1¢ presumably is intended to rep- resent the surface of one of the two types. No matter which one was chosen, the figure is incorrect, since both species have thin-walled, polygonal zocecia, with no mesopores in the case of the former and very few angular young cells in the latter. The figure shows rounded or irregular zocecial apertures with subcireular mesopores at their junction angles. J. F. James in 1895 states, in his remarks under the description of Monticulipora selwyni, that M. (Prasopora) selwynit var. hospitalis Nicholson (now Prasopora hosprtalis) is the same as J. turbinata (James), and that an examination of the internal structure of the two shows their identity beyond a doubt. This author evidently did not base his observations upon the figured types of JZ. ( Chaetetes) turbinata, inasmuch as their internal structure, although different in each speci- men, is totally distinct from Nicholson’s species. Moreover, the last was described by the elder James as Monticulipora winchelli. To add to the confusion, Nickles and the writer very unwisely recorded, as cited above in the synonymy, Chaetetes turbinatum as a valid species of the genus JMonotrypa, making Ulrich’s Monotrypa subglobosa a synonym. To sum up, the first definition of Chaetetes turbinatum is worthless, while the second is based upon two distinct species. These two forms, however, can not be correctly determined from the published figures, since the enlarged view of the surface—the only figure given that might be of any value—is an incorrect representation. Finally, a « Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 1888, pl. 1. ee acervulosa Ulrich, Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Minnesota, Final. Rept., III, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 318, pl. xxvny, figs. 24, 25. ae subglobosa Ulrich, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., I, 1879, p. 129, pl. xu, figs. 11-11. * 3 \ No. 1442, JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 398 species with internal and also external characters different from either of the figured types is stated to have the same internal features. It is work of this character that is so disheartening to the conscientious student. That James’s species does not deserve recognition need hardly be stated. COELOCLEMA ALTERNATUM (James). Ceramopora alternata JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 5. Monticulipora ( Fistulipora) alternata JAMES and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soe. Nat. Hist., XI, 1888, p. 34, pl. 1, figs. 5-5). Coeloclema alternatum NickiEs and Bassuer, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 173, 1900, p. 212. Diamesopora vaupeli Uiricn, Geol. Sury. Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 468, pl. xxxrx, figs. 3-3b; pl. x11, figs. 4-4c. Original description.—* Polyzoary consisting of hollow, branching, cylindrical, or compressed stems from one to four lines in diameter, with irregular swellings; the hollows filled with foreign matter (clay). Cell apertures of the most perfect specimens, elevated, oblique, arched, subcircular, or oval; five or six in the space of a line, including the interspaces; generally arranged in alternating rows, sometimes in a diagonal manner around the branches. Spaces between the cells equal to their diameter, or a little more or less on different examples. Slightly cut longitudinal sections of some specimens show the cells arranged in diagonal, alternating rows of a lozenge-shape, with minute interstitial pores. Distributed over the surface about two lines apart are spots, sometimes slightly elevated, bearing fewer cell apertures and more or less of the small pores. The surface of worn or weath- ered examples—mostly so found—are nearly smooth; destitute in most cases of prominent cell mouths, but show more minute interstitial tubes and divisions than perfect specimens.” The characters of this species are well brought out in Mr. James’s earliest description, quoted above, and there should be no difficulty in recognizing the form. The illustrations given by James and James in 1888 are of little value, and for a good description and trustworthy figures the student is referred to Ulrich’s work in 1890. The slender, hollow-stemmed branches, with thick-walled, oval zoce- cia arranged in diagonally intersecting lines and arched over by prom- inent hoods—the lunaria—causes the recognition of the species to be an easy matter. Occurrence.—C. alternatum is found usually in great abundance wherever the Southgate and McMicken members of the Eden shale are exposed at Cincinnati, Ohio, and vicinity. Proce. N. M. vol. xxx—06——3 34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. COELOCLEMA OWENI (James). Plate VI, figs. 5, 6. Fistulipora oweni JAmMes, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., VIT, 1884, p. 21, fig. 2-29. Monticulipora (Fistulipora) oweni JAMES and JAmeEs, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XI, 1888, p. 34.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X VITI, 1896, p. 119. Coeloclema oweni NickLES and Bassurr, Bull. U. S$. Geol. Surv., No. 173, 1900, p. 212. The hollow, contorted or utricular stems of this form are so differ- ent in growth alone from the other species of the genus that its iden- tification is quite easy, The figures of the type specimen given by James are sufficient for the recognition of the species, but one of its most marked characteristics—an unusually prominent lunarium—has not been pointed out by its author. The lunaria are so strongly developed and sharply raised that the zoarial surface is fairly rough- ened by them. The lunarium is shown exceptionally well in tangen- tial sections where the zocecia are seen to be so indented with it as to be bilobed. In shape the lunarium is semicircular with the ends pinched slightly together. The other internal characters are essen- tially the same as in the remaining species of Coeloclema. Oecurrence.—A characteristic and quite abundant fossil of the Mt. Auburn beds. Lebanon, Ohio, is the type locality, but Cincinnati, Ohio, Madison, Indiana, and other localities exposing this horizon, furnish specimens. DEKAYELLA ULRICHI (Nicholson). Plate II, figs. 3, 4. Monticulipora (Heterotrypa) ulrichii NicHotson, Genus Monticulipora, 1881, p. 131, fig. 22. Dekayella ulricht Utricn, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., VI, 1883, pp. 91, 158. Monticulipora ohioensis JAMES, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., VII, 1884, p. 1387, pl. vu, figs. 1, la.—James and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 1888, p. 183.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X VI, 1894, p. 207. Dekayella robusta Foorp, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), XIII, 1884, p. 341, pl. xu, figs. 2-2d. Dekayella ulrichi-robusta NicKLEs and Bassuer, Bull. U. S. Geol. Sury., No. 173, 1900, p. 228. Monticulipora ohioensis was distinguished by its author from JZ. ulrichi, because (1) its interstitial tubes (mesopores) were less closely tabulated than those of the latter species; (2) it had a more robust habit of growth, and (3) conspicuous monticules were present. The first distinction is based on erroneons’ observation, since the tabulation of the mesopores of the types of J/. vh/oens/s is precisely the same as in typical examples of DP. ulrichi (see Plate II). The more robust growth and conspicuous monticules are characters of such minor importance that they are scarcely worthy of.even varietal recognition. "no. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 35 Experience shows that this is true, especially in species of Dehayella and related genera of the Fleterotrypidx. Nicholson figured branches of his species with a smooth surface, but every variation from this to sharply monticulated examples may be found. Foord“ described this sharply monticulated form as Dehayella robusta and Nickles and the writer, in their Synopsis, recognized his species as a variety of D. wrichi, with James’s name as a synonym. For the reasons mentioned, D. robusta is now regarded as not even of varietal importance. Occurrence.—A characteristic and exceedingly common fossil in the Eden shale of most localities in the Ohio basin. The types of JZ. ulrichi, and also of M. ohioensis and D. robusta came from Cincinnati, Ohio. DEKAYIA MACULATA James. Plate II, figs. 13, 14. Dekayia maculata Jamns, Paleontologist, No. 5, 1881, p- 36. Monticulipora (Dekayia) maculata J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XVIII, 1896, p. 116, fig. 11. This is one of the best marked species of the genus Dekayia and Inay easily be recognized from the figures published by J. F. James in 1896 (after an unpublished plate by Ulrich). The study of many specimens of this species has indicated that its principal specific charac- ter is not, as stated by both the elder and younger James, the presence of macule composed of mesopores alone. James's two type specimens, it is true, show such macule in a marked degree, but in many other examples from the same bed and locality, otherwise indistinguishable, the macule are composed only of zocecia larger than the average, and with other specimens every gradation between the two may be estab- lished. J. F. James states in his description (1896), ‘‘ walls of coral- lites thin, internal structure unknown,” and yet gives at the beginning of this same description, figures showing all of the internal characters, and particularly the unusually reat peripheral thickening of the walls. This latter feature is the specific character which will readily Separate D. maculuta from other species of the genus. The ramose zoarium, thick zocecial walls, conspicuous acanthopores, few and delicate diaphragms and practical absence of mesopores together with the size of the zowcia—8 in 2mm.—form a combination of characters which will readily separate D. maculata from all asso- ciated bryozoa. Views illustrating the structure and thickness of the walls, the distribution of acanthopores, mesopores, and diaphragins, and other internal features are given on Plate LI. Occurrence.—Quite an abundant and characteristic fossil of the McMicken member of the Eden at Cincinnati and Vicinity. James’s types were from Loveland, Ohio. “Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist (5), XIII, 1884, p. 341. > 7. 36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSE UM. VoL. XXX. DICRANOPORA MEEKI (James). Se Plate V, fig. 1. Helopora meeki J AMES, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 3. Original description.—** Polyzoary consisting of very small cylin- drical or subcylindrical stems; sometimes branching dichotomously. About 6 cells in the space of a line measuring their longer axes, and - arranged in rows between strong elevated longitudinal lines. The cells are generally opposite each other in the rows, but sometimes are alternating; cell apertures long oval, margins not raised; length of fragments observed from one-fourth to one-half an inch; diameter one-fifth of a line.” The original and only description of this species, quoted above, is good as far as it goes, but fails to state the two most important features, namely, that the zoarium is bifoliate and is also jointed. Its zocecial structure is that of the family Rhinédictyonide, and this fact together with the jointed zoarium causes the reference of the species to the genus Dicranopora. As in all species of this genus, the zoarium of D. meeki consists of either simple or dichotomously branched segments with the lower end of each pointed for articulation and the upper end or ends excavated to receive the pointed extremity of the following seoments. D. mecki may be distinguished from all other species of Decranopora by its comparatively long and extremely narrow segments, their aver- age length being 5.8 mm. and width about .4 mm. Four rows of zoecia generally occupy each face of a segment, but sometimes only three are found. Occurrence.—The species was listed by James as from Warren County, Ohio, but his label states Cincinnati as the locality for the type. Specimens occur often quite abundantly in the Mt. Hope mem- ber in the vicinity of Cincinnati. ESCHAROPORA ACUMINATA (James). Ptilodictya acuminata J Ames, Catal. Foss. Cincinnati Group, 1875, p. 3. Escharopora acuminata ULRICH, Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv., Minnesota, Final Rep., III, Pt. 1, 1893, —p. 167. Compare Ptilodictya faleiformis NicHoison, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), XV, 1875, p. 177, pl. x1v, figs. 1-16. The types of James Ptilodictya acuminata prove to be of a sword- shaped Lxcharopora from the Eden shales. To point out constant dif- ferences between this form and Escharopora (Ptilodictya) falei formes from the Fairview formation is very difficult if not impossible and James’s name is adopted here as a convenient term for the Eden shale form of this type of Ascharopora rather than as that of a good species. James distinguished his species front Nicholson’s by its narrower and "No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 37 relativeiy thicker form and more gradual expansion from the pointed striated base. These differences, however, are maintained only by his three type specimens. A larger number of specimens shows that the zoarium varies from narrow blades less than 2 mm. at their greatest width to sword-shaped fronds 6 mm. wide. However, specimens of the latter dimension are rare in the Eden shale, while the Fairview species is seldom of less width. . fale/formis is evidently a descen- dant and a more robust form of 2. acuminata. Occurrence.—Not uncommon in the Eden shale at Cincinnati and vicinity. ESCHAROPORA HILLI (James). Ptilodictya hilli JAmEs, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 4. Prilodictya hilli Unricn, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., V, 1882, pl. vu, figs. ent als Ptilodictya hilli Nerrtrrotn, Kentucky Fossil Shells, 1885, p. 30, pl. xxxv, figs. ie, 4,5. Eischaropora hilli Uuricn, Geol. and Nat. Hist. Sury. Minnesota, Final Rep., [1 Pt. 1, 1893, ‘p.. 162: , The specific character of this fine species was pointed out by Mr. James in his description as follows: ‘tThe marked and decided differ- ence between this species and P[tilodictya| falce/formis Nicholson lies in the prominent transverse ridges.” The zoarium in this form, how- ever, is usually wider and stronger than in Lscharopora falciformis, but as already mentioned the transverse ridges are the most obvious difference. These ridges are formed by the elevated macule, which are so transversely elongated that they become confluent. Occurrence.—The type specimen is said to have been found on the bank of the Ohio River at Cincinnati. Evidently it was drifted here, inasmuch as the Fairview rocks have furnished all other specimens known to the writer. The type does not belong to the James col- lection, so whether it occurred 7m situ at Cincinnati in the Trenton outcrops along the river bank or was washed down from some geolog- ically higher locality could not be determined. ESCHAROPORA PAVONIA (D’Orbigny). Ptilodictya pavonia D’Orpiany, Prodr. de Pal., I, 1849, p. 22. Monticulipora ( Monotrypa) pavonia NicHoison, Genus Monticulipora, 1881, p. 195. fig. 41, pl. vi, figs. 3, 3a. Stictopora clathratula James, Catal. Foss. Cincinnati Group, 1871. Chextetes ? cluthratulus NicHouson, Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, XXX, 1874, p. 509, pl. xxx, figs. 1-1b. Chetetes ? clathratulus NicHo.son, Geol. Sury. Ohio, Pal., II, 1875, p. 209, pl. xxi, figs. 2-2h. Chetetes clathratulus NicHotson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), X VIII, 1876, p. 91, pl. v, figs. 9, 9ae . James’s name Stictopora clathratula was published without descrip- tion and is therefore a nomen nudum. As indicated above, Nicholson a : 38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. described the species using James’s specific name, and as his deserip- tions are based on typical Ascharopora pavonia, James’s name is also made synonymous with this species. D’Orbigny’s species is distinguished from the other forms of /scha- ropora by its broad zoarium. It is a common fossil and is found at most localities in Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, and Tennessee where the beds of the Fairview formation are exposed. EURYDICTYA MULTIPORA (Hall?) Ulrich. Plate, hess i ei2: Phxnopora multipora Hawi, Foster and Whitney’s Rep. Geol. Lake Superior Land District, Pt. 2, 1851, p. 206, pl. xxrv, figs la, b. Phxnopora? multipora Utricu, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., V, 1882, p. 171, pl. vu, figs. 7-7). Burydictya multipora Uiricn, Geol. Sury. Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 520. Ptilodictya antiqua JamMEs, Paleontologist, No. 5, 1881, p. 37. The type of Pt/lodictya antiqua James is identical with the specimens figured and described by Ulrich in 18824 as Phenopora ? multipora Hall. As admitted by Ulrich in 1893, an examination of the internal characters of Hall’s type specimen is necessary before it can be posi- tively stated that his identification is correct. Until this is done, the synonymy had best remain as given above. For the identification of the species, at least the Kentucky form, Ulrich’s description and figures should be consulted. Occurrence.—Hall’s types were found in Trenton strata along the Escanaba River, Michigan, while those of James and Ulrich came from the Lexington limestone in the vicinity of Harrodsburg and Burgin, Kentucky, respectively. FISTULIPORA ? MULTIPORA James. Fistulipora? multipora James, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 2. In 1888 James and James decided that /“stulipora multipora James and Chiloporella (Fistulipora) flabellata Ulrich were synonymous with Ceramopora nicholsoni James published in 1875. The specimens in the James collection labelled as the types of /” mu/tipora, however, consist of the following: (1) Twenty-one specimens of Ceramoporella distincta Ulrich from the Eden shale at Cincinnati and vicinity. (2) Six typical examples of Chiloporella flabellata Ulrich. If the majority ruled in such cases, F. multipora would certainly not be a synonym of (. n/cholsont as decided by James. However, in view of the facts (1) that the name was placed in synonymy by its author, (2) that the types represent two distinct and well-defined species, and (3) that the original diagnosis is not only insufficient, but « Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., V, 1882, p°171. ; : : _Z No, 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 39 also would apply equally to most of the species of Ceramoporella and related genera, the name had better be abandoned. Further remarks on this species are given in the discussion of Ceramopora nicholsoni. FISTULIPORA SILURIANA James. Fistulipora siluriana James, Paleontologist, No. 3, 1879, p. 19. In the revision of the Monticuliporide in 1888, James and James concluded that this species was a synonym of C. nécholsoni and repre- sented a stage in which the intercellular spaces were thick and the interstitial cells few in number. The type lot contains typical speci- mens of the following: (1) Four specimens of Ceramoporella distincta Ulrich from the Eden shale at Cincinnati or vicinity. (2) One specimen of Coeloclema commune Ulrich from the Economy member. (3) Two specimens of Chiloporella flabellata Ulrich from the Corry- ville member. The original diagnosis is of little value, and moreover is not borne out by the majority of the type specimens, the first four specimens having thin-walled zocecia and rather numerous mesopores instead of the opposite. The same reason for abandoning the name may be invoked here as in the case of /” multipora and C. nicholsoni, both of which see for further remarks. HELOPORA APPROXIMATA James. Helopora approximata JAMeEs, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1875, p. 3. Original description.—* Associated with this species [Helopora parvula| are cylindrical examples with one or two more rows of cells, and bulbous upper terminations; the bulbs carry very small pores, which are not on other parts of the fossil; in other features they do not seem to differ from HZ. parvul1. Should these prove, on further investigation, to be distinct, I propose the name /felopora approximata.” The writer has failed to find specimens having the characters men- tioned above either on the slabs containing the types of //elopora par- vula or in the rest of the collection. However, specimens of small species of Lythopora are often found showing a bulbous extremity as described by James, and undoubtedly he had some of these before him. This bulbous extremity is probably due to abortive growth following some injury and since it is occupied solely by small cells may be regarded as analogous to the expanded base of the zoarium. Helopora approwmata is probably a synonym of the common Utica form, Bythopora arctipora (Nicholson), but in the absence of the types or other specimens bearing this name it is impossible to decide the ae 40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. point satisfactorily. Besides, James may or might have included several or indeed all of the small species of Bythopora (B. arctipora, parvula, dendrina, striata and delicatuia) under his name. For these and other obvious reasons the name should have no standing. HELOPORA HARRISI (James) Ulrich. Plate VII, fig. 8. Helopora harrisi JAmes, Paleontologist, No. 7, 1883, p. 58, pl. 1, figs. 2-26. Helopora harrist Utricn, Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Minnesota, Final Rep., ITI, Pt. 1, 1893, p. 195, pl. m1, figs. 116, 11e, 12. The description and figures of this characteristic and abundant Rich- mond species given by Mr. James are incorrect in so many details that it is doubtful if the form could be recognized from his work. The pubtished knowledge of the species really dates from Ulrich’s work in 1893, when this author gave a good description and figures which accu- rately represent the form. It is unnecessary to mention the incorrect details of James’s description and figures, since a comparison with Ulrich’s work, which is known to be correct by comparison with his types, will bring out the errors of the former. Occurrence.—This species is a characteristic fossil of the Waynes- ville formation of the Richmond group, the type specimens of both James and Ulrich coming from Waynesville, Ohio. Often when the clay above the limestone layers bearing the species is washed, free joints of the dismembered zoaria are found literally by the million. HEMIPHRAGMA WHITFIELDI (James). Plate LI, figs. 15, 16; plate IV, figs. 1-4; plate V, fig. 5. Cheetetes barrandi ? (NtcHOLson) JAMEs, Catal. Foss. Cincinnati Group, 1875, p. 4. Monticulipora ( Cheetetes) whitfieldi JAMEs, Paleontologist, No. 5, 1881, p. 34. Monticulipora whitfieldi James and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 1888, p. 178.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X VI, 1894, p. 200. Hemiphragma whitfieldi Nickutes and Basster, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 173, 1900, p. 286. All of the previous descriptions of this fine species fail to reveal its chief characteristic, namely, the presence of semidiaphragms in the peripheral region. These structures occur in the original types and may be readily observed in all thin sections, both vertical and tangen- tial. These incomplete partitions may also be seen on well preserved, clean specimens with the aid of a hand lens. Vertical fractures when moistened and examined with a glass likewise show these partitions very clearly. . The species is found generally in abundance wherever the lower and middle divisions of the Eden shale are exposed in the vicinity of Cin- cinnati. The zoarium of the form found in the lower division, from which James’s types of the species were derived, is of rounded, fre- z No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 41 quently dividing stems commonly varying between 4 and 8 mm. in diameter. The middle Eden form, however, is more robust, the branches being subcylindrical or compressed and usually over 10 mm, in width. In all other respects the two forms are alike. Surface smooth, with maculee composed of zocecia larger and meso- pores more numerous than in the intervening spaces. Zocecia large, rather thin-walled, polygonal, 5 of the normal size in 2mm. Meso- pores angular, few among the ordinary zocecia, more numerous in the macule. Acanthopores seemingly absent and, if developed at all, small and inconspicuous. In internal structure the most marked feature is the presence of semi- diaphragms in the peripheral region of the zocecial tubes. Besides these, vertical sections as well as vertical fractures show the zoccial walls in the axial region to be strongly crinkled. The zocecial tubes in this region are almost entirely without diaphragms. The mesopores which develop in the peripheral region only, are crossed by the usual straight complete tabule. Tangential sections show thin-walled polyg- onal zocecia, few mesopores and apparent absence of acanthopores, but bring out especially the dark line separating adjoining zocecia. H. whitfieldi is closely related to and is probably a descendant of the Trenton species /emiphragma tenuimurale Ulrich,” but the more robust growth and several internal features, particularly the crinkled walls, of the species under consideration will suffice in distinguishing the two. Of associated bryozoa none approaches //. whitfieldi closely enough to require comparison. Occurrence.—Abundant and characteristic of the lower (Economy) and middle (Southgate) divisions of the Eden shale at Cincinnati, Ohio, and vicinity. HOMOTRYPA WORTHENI (James). Monticulipora (Monotrypa) wortheni James, Paleontologist, No. 6, 1882, p. 50; INOW 7, 18835) plea, fies 2: Monticulipora worthent James and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 1888, p. 184, pl. 11, figs. 3a, b.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XVI, 1894, p. 207. Homotrypa wortheni Bassurr, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XX VI, 1903, p. 583, pl. xxrv, figs. 10-14. Both the internal and external features of this species were described and illustrated by the writer in 1903,’ this conception of the species being based upon specimens in the collection of the U. 5. National Museum with Mr. James’s labels attached. A comparison of these specimens with the types shows that all are of the same species. H. wortheni is a characteristic fossil of the Whitewater member of « Ulrich, Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv. Minn., Final Rep., III, Pt. 1, 1893, p. 301, pl. xxiv, figs. 20-23. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XX VI, 1903, p. 583. 49 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. the Richmond group and is found generally in abundance wherever these strata are exposed. The species may be distinguished from associated bryozoa by its sharply tuberculated branches, while vertical - fractures examined under a hand lens will show the cystiphragms in the peripheral region of the tubes and other features characterizing Tomotry pa. Occurrence.—Richmond group, Whitewater member. The types are from Lynchburg, Ohio, but the species is abundant at many locali- ties in Ohio and Indiana and notably so at Richmond, Indiana, and Vicinity. LEPTOTRYPA CLAVACOIDEA (James). Cheetetes clavacoidens JAMES, Catal. Lower Sil. Foss., 1871, p. 1 (named only); Catal. Foss. Cincinnati group, 1875, p. 1. Monticulipora (Monotrypa) clavacoidea NicHotson, Genus Monticulipora, 1881, p- 182, fig: 37. Leptotrypa clavacoidea Unricn, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., VI, 1883, p. 159. Monticulipora clavacoidea JAMES and JAmes, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XI, 1888, p. 25.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X VIII, 1895, p. 84. The club-shaped zoarium and the absence of mesopores cause the recognition of this species to be comparatively easy. James gave a brief description in 1875, but the knowledge of the species is really based on Nicholson’s full description and figures published in 1881. An abundant and characteristic fossil of the Corryville member, McMillan formation, Cincinnati and vicinity. OCCUPPENCE. LIOCLEMELLA SUBFUSIFORMIS (James). Plate VII, figs. 4-7. Monticulipora (?Monotrypa) subfusiformis JAMEs, Paleontologist, No. 6, 1882, p. 52; No. 7, 1883, pl. 1, fig. 1. Monticulipora fusiformis (not WHITFIELD sp.) JAMES and Jamgs, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XI, 1888, p. 26.—J. F. James, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XVIII, 1895, p. 83. Lioclemella subfusiformis NickLEs and Bassuer, Bull. U. 8S. Geol. Sury., No. 173, 1900, p. 808. James and James in 1888“ regarded this species as synonymous with Whittield’s Monticulipora fusiformis,’ but a comparison of specimens of the latter with the types of JZ. subfusiform/s shows that Whittield’s species has a much larger zoarium, conspicuous and numerous acan- thopores, more rounded zocecia, and many more mesopores. Zoarium small, generally less than 13 mm. in length, club shaped, pointed at the lower end probably for articulation with a basal expan- sion, expanding slightly toward the upper portion. Surface smooth, macule inconspicuous. Zooecia small, 10-12 in 2 mm., angular, thin- walled, sometimes in contact but generally separated by thin-walled, «Jour. Cincinnati Soe. Nat. Hist., X VIII, 1895, p. 83. 6Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Wisconsin for 1877, 1878, p. 70. ; | No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 43 angular mesopores. The latter often attain the size of the zocecia and, especially in thin sections, may be mistaken for them. However, a glance at the tabulation shown in vertical sections will distinguish the two, the mesopores being closely tabulated and the zocecia having no diaphragms at all. In tangential sections the outer side of the walls of the zocecia are always more or less conyex, while the sides of the mesopores are correspondingly concave. Acanthopores small and usually inconspicuous both at the surface and in sections. The small, unbranched, club-shaped zoarium with thin-walled poly- gonal zocecia separated by more or less numerous mesopores, causes the separation of this species from associated bryozoa to be quite easy. Comparison with the related form LZ. fus/formés from the Richmond group of Wisconsin is given above. Occurrence. —Quite abundant in the Waynesville formation of the Richmond at a number of localities in Ohio and Indiana. The James types were found at Westboro, Ohio. MONOTRYPA UNDULATA var. HEMISPHERICA (J. F. James). Monticulipora (Monotrypa) undulata (part) Nicnouson, Genus Monticulipora, 1881, p. 170, fig. 33a—e. Menticulipora undulata var. hemispherica J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XV, 1893, p. 157, figs. 10a-—c. Monotrypa undulata-hemispherica Nickurs and Bassuer, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 178, 1900, p. 317. This variety is founded upon Nicholson’s description and figures“ of what he regarded as a ‘trounded or irregularly spheroidal” form of his Monotrypa undulata. There are no specimens of this variety in the James collection, nor is it known that either the species or vari- ety occur in the vicinity of Cincinnati. If James’s subordinate name, which is a misnomer, the form being subglobular and not hemispheric, is to be recognized, it must rest upon the Canadian types in Nichol- son’s collection. Until these or other authentic examples are again studied, the status of the name can not be definitely determined. It may be remarked, however, that this supposed subglobular variety of M. undulata must be very near, if indeed not identical, with Ulrich’s M. subglobosa. Occurrence. Hudson River group in Ontario, Canada. Nicholson’s specimens are said to come from tne MONTICULIPORA CINCINNATIENSIS (James). Chetetes cincinnatiensis James, Catal. Sil. Foss., Cincinnati group, 1875, p. 2. Monticulipora cincinnatiensis James and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 1888, p.470.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XVI, 1894, p- 188. Monticulipora ( Perdnopora) cincinnatiensis NicHoison, Genus Monticulipora, 1881, p. 226, pl. 11, figs. 6-6¢. @Genus Monticulipora, 1881, p. 170. 44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. Although Mr. James gave a fair definition of this species in the Catalogue,” our knowledge of the form really dates from Nicholson’s work in 1881. ; The species is a rather abundant and characteristic fossil of the Cor- ryville member, and may be distinguished from other forms of the genus by its loosely incrusting habit of growth, strong and closely set monticules, and numerous mesopores. Its internal characters are those of a typical Monticulipora, cystiphragms occurring in both the immature and mature regions, while the walls have the peculiar granulose structure characterizing that genus. Occurrence.—Corryville member, McMillan formation, Cincinnati, Ohio, and vicinity. MONTICULIPORA CLEAVELANDI James. Monticulipora ( Heterotrypa ?) cleavelandi JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 6, 1882, p. 49, Did, Hed. Monticulipora cleavelandi JAmMEs and JAmgEs, Jour. Cincinnati Soe. Nat. Hist., XI, 1888, p. 15, pl. 4, fig. 4.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X VIII, 1895, p. 68. Monticulipora cleavelandi Unricn and BasstEer, Smithsonian Misc. Coll. (Quart. issue), XLVII, 1904, p. 16, pl. vi, figs. 4-6. This is one of the most easily recognized bryozoa of the Cincinnati rocks, inasmuch as it is the only ramose species of Jonticulipora so far known from these strata. A vertical fracture when examined under the hand lens will show the presence of cystiphragms in both the axial and peripheral regions, thus indicating its generic position under Monticulipora. The specitic characters are particularly the ramose habit of growth and the absence of mesopores. Ulrich and the writer” have recently redefined this species and given figures of the internal structure. None of the James descriptions are adequate for the recognition of the species, inasmuch as the method of growth and internal characters attributed to it by them do not agree with the specimen marked as the type. This reason would doubtless have justified the rejection of the name, but as the species had not been described in the meantime it was deemed advisable to’ establish it under the same name proposed for it by James. Oceurrence.—V ery abundant at several localities in Clinton County, Ohio, where the Whitewater formation of the Richmond group is exposed. James’s type is from a locality near Lynchburg, Highland County, Ohio. «Catal. Sil. Foss., Cincinnati group, 1875, p. 2. b> Smithsonian Mise. Coll., NLVII, 1904, p. 16. No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. — MONTICULIPORA CLINTONENSIS James. Monticulipora (Heterotrypa) clintonensis JAmEs, Paleontologist, No. 6, 1882, p. 45, (OLE asia ee Monticulipora clintonensis JAMES and JAmes, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XI, 1888, p. 20, pl. 1, figs. 1, la.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XVIII, 1895, p. 73. The types of this form are missing, and unless they are found at some later date it will be impossible to determine its exact status. However, the description of J/. clintonensis leads the writer to believe that Mr. James had before him specimens of the species described by Ulrich in 1879 as Atactopora subramosa,“ now referred to the genus Heterotrypa. ‘This belief is strengthened by the fact that a specimen in the collection of the U. S$. National Museum labelled by Mr. James as MW. clintonensis is atypical example of /eterotrypa subramosa. Occurrence.—James’s types were recorded from the upper part of the Cincinnati rocks (Richmond) in Clinton County, Ohio. //etero- trypa subramosa is a common and characteristic fossil in the Richmond group of Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky. MONTICULIPORA HOSPITALIS NEGLECTA James and James. Monticulipora hospitalis var. neglecta JAMES and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XI, 1888, p. 27, pl. 1, fig. 3.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X VIII, 1896, p. 124. Neither the type nor any other specimen of this variety could be found in the collection, and therefore unless the type turns up later the status of the above name can not be determined. The authors in sep- arating the variety from J/. (now Prasopora) hospitalis say that ** variety neglecta differs mainly in possessing conspicuous monticules.” If this is the only point of difference exhibited by the type specimen, var. neglecta isa synonym for the species itself since in the genus Praso- pora, aS in many other monticuliporoid genera, the monticules show a considerable variation in the same species. It is thought probable that the type specimen will show that it is not at all related to Praso- pora hospitalis, but until the figured specimen is found the name might as well be dropped. Judging from James and James’s figure, it seems not unlikely that the original may belong to Monticulipora consimilis described by Ulrich in 1882. MONTICULIPORA PAPILLATA James and James. Monticulipora papillata JAMES AND JAMeEs, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XI, 1888, p. 23.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X VIII, 1895, p. 81 (not Nebulipora papillata McCoy). The specimens from the Cincinnati rocks, supposed by James and James to be identical with the English species Webulipora papillata aJour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., II, 1879, p. 124, pl. xu, figs. 6-6c. | y 46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXxm McCoy can not now be located in the collection. The matter is of no consequence, however, since a fragment of McCoy’s type specimen, now in the collection of the U.S. National Museum, does not agree with any of the Cincinnatian bryozoa, and there is thus little doubt that James and James were in error. PALESCHARA BEANI (James). Ceramopora ? beani JAMEs, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 5. Ceramopora ? beant JAMES, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., VII, 1884, p. 23, fig. 3-3b.—J ames and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XI, 1888, p. 37. Paleschara beani Utricn, American Geologist, I, 1888, p. 186. This fine species was so defined and figured by James in 1884 that its recognition is a matter of no difficulty. The very important fea- ture of the species was, however, not mentioned, namely, that unlike all other similar Ordovician bryozoa, macule are absent. Though the zocecia radiate from one or more initial points, the surface of the zoarium presents no indication of the clusters of larger zocecia or of mesopores that invariably mark the surface of otherwise similar Paleozoic bryozoa. In this peculiarity, as well as in all other features, the species in question is in accord with Paleschara. As remarked by James, 7. beani seems constantly to incrust the shells of Orthoceras duser?, the most abundant cephalopod in the beds containing it. | Indeed, this association of the bryozoan and cephalopod is so common that Hall and Whitfield“ seem to have figured P. beané as the surface ornamentation of Orthoceras duseri. Oceurrence.—Not uncommon in the Waynesville formation ‘of the Richmond group in Ohio and Indiana. In the original description James erroneously cites the species from Cincinnati. PHAENOPORA EXPANSA Hall and Whitfield. Phenopora (Ptilodictya) ecpansa HALL and Wuire1e.p, Geol. Sury. Ohio, Pal., I, 1875, p. 114, pl. v, fig. 1. Phexnopora expansa Forrsrn, Geol. Sury. Ohio, VII, 1895, p. 598, pl. xx 1x, fig. 1. Ptilodictya platyphylla James, Paleontologist, No. 3, 1879, p. 21. Phenopora platyphylla WELLER, Geol. Sury. New Jersey, Rept. on Pal., II, 1903, pl. xrx, figs. 5-7. The type of James’s Ptilodictya platyphylla has recently been fig- ured by Professor Weller,’ whose figures led the writer to suspect that the species was a synonym for Phenopora expansa Halland Whit- field. An examination of the types themselves changed the suspicion to a certainty. «Geol. Surv. Ohio, Pal., II, 1875, p. 97, pl. m1, fig. 4. bGeol. Sury. of New Jersey, Report on Pal., III, 1903. i s No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 47 James gave a good definition of his species with the exception that he omitted stating the generic character—the presence of the two mesopores between the ends of the zocecia. Phenopora expanse is distinguished from associated bryozoa by its broad bifoliate fronds springing from a pointed base, with oval zocecia arranged in parallel rows and with the ends of the zocecial apertures separated by two mesopores. The species is distinguished from other species of Phenopora by the broad, unbranched monticulated zoarium, and by the size of the zocecia (6.5 in 2 mm. measuring lengthwise, and 8.5 in the same space transversely). Occurrence.—James’s types were found in the Clinton of Clinton County, Ohio, while those of Hall and Whitfield came from the corre- sponding strata at Dayton, Ohio. PHAENOPORA FIMBRIATA (James). Plate VII, figs. 11, 12. Ptilodictya fimbriata James, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 8. Phenopora fimbriata Forrsrs, Bull. Sci. Lab. Denison Uniy., II, 1887, p. 161; III, 1888, pl. xv, fig. 7. Phenopora fimbriata Forrstr, Geol. Sury. Ohio, VII, 1895, p. 599, pl. xxvint, fig. 7. Stictopora vanclevii Haut, Twelfth Ann. Rept. Indiana Geol. Nat. Hist., 1885, p. 268, pl. xi, figs. 1, 2. Zoarium of narrow, parallel margined, smooth, compressed, bifoli- ate branches averaging 3.5 mm. in width, and forming by frequent bifurcation a flexuous frond, which in the type specimen is about 50 mm. in height and 60 mm. wide. Margins of branches rather wide and occupied by several rows of pores similar to the mesopores placed between the ends of the zowcial apertures. These marginal pores give to the edges of the branches the very finely striated appearance men- tioned by James as the marked feature of the species. However, the number of pores along the margin can not be considered a good spe- cific character, as it depends upon the age of the zoarium, young exam- ples exhibiting few, and the oldest specimens the maximum number. The zocecial apertures are elliptical and arranged in longitudinal rows; 5 zocecia in 2 mm. measuring lengthwise, and nine rows in the same space transversely. Two pits or mesopores usually separate the ends of the zocecia, but occasionally three may be detected. This fine, characteristic Clinton species is distinguished from the other branching forms of Phenopora by its narrow, flexous, dicho- tomously dividing branches and the general aspect of the resulting zoarium. Oceurrence.—The type is from the Clinton formation in Clinton County, Ohio. Other localities are Dayton and Belfast, Ohio. 48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. a a ee PRASOPORA FALESI (James). Plate I, figs. 1-4. Monticulipora falesi James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., VII, 1884, p. 138, pl. vu, figs. 2-2d.—James and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 1888, p. 168.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XVI, 1894, p- 185. The character relied upon by the author for distinguishing this species was the presence of a conical, sharp-pointed groove extending across the under surface. Any student of the bryozoa knows, or ought to know, that the shape of the excavation left by the object upon which zoarial growth commenced, is certainly not a specific character. The same species may select indiscriminately any foreign object such as a mollusk, brachiopod, or another bryozoan to com- mence its zoarial growth. The specimens distinguished by James as M. fulesi selected some conical shell such as //yolithes or the tapering end of a cephalopod, the impressions left of the shell after its removal not permitting of accurate determination. An examination of the types—the three specimens figured in 1884—shows that two distinet species are represented. Inasmuch as one of these is new, James’s specific name is here adopted for this form. The original of fig. 2 of the article cited above (1884) is a small but typical specimen of Praso- pora simulatrix Ulrich,® while figs. 2a—-2d represent young examples of a species differing from P. simulatrix, notably in having acanthopores and smaller zocecia. Comparing /?. falesé and P. simulatrix the following differences are noted. In growth the latter rises into dome-shaped or petasiform masses usually 40 or 50 mm. in diameter, and with a concave base lined by a concentrically wrinkled epitheca, while mature specimens of the former are rounded or irregularly hemispherical in shape, sel- dom over 20 mm. in diameter, and do not show such a well-marked epitheca. LP. simulatrixv has about 7 of the ordinary zocecia in 2 mm., while 2. fales? shows 8 to 8% in the same space. Vertical sections bring out especially the small acanthopores of P. fu/es’, but in P. semulatrix these structures are absent. The tabulation and number and distribution of the mesopores is much alike in the two species, but the difference in growth, size of zocecia, and the development of acanthopores in one, makes their separation comparatively easy. Occurrence.—Very abundant in the Lexington limestone of the Trenton, in the vicinity of Danville, Kentucky. James records the horizon as about that of the tops of the hills at Cincinnati, but this is undoubtedly an error, as his type specimens correspond exactly with other examples of the species found in the Trenton at Danville. “Fourteenth Ann. Rep. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Minnesota, 1886, p. 85. | \ | Z No, 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 49 PRASOPORA HOSPITALIS (Nicholson). Plate VII, figs. 1-3. Monticulipora (Prasopora) selwynii var. hospitalis Nicaoutson, Genus Monticuli- pora, 1881, p. 209, fig. 45. Monticulipora ( Heterotrypa) winchelli James, Paleontologist, No. 6, 1882, p. 48; No. 7, 1888, pl. 1, fig. 5. Monticulipora winchelli J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XVIII, 1895, p. 87. An example of the type specimen figured by James shows that Monticulipora (Heterotrypa) winchelli is the same as the common Rich- mond form, Prasopora hospitalis (Nicholson). In the original descrip- tion James compares his species with Nicholson’s, but states that the internal structure is very different. The tabulation of the zocecia as shown in the slide studied by James (see Plate VII, fig. 1) does appear different from that found in P. hospitalis, but. this appearance is largely due to an error in the preparation of the thin section. The zocecial tubes of P. hospitalis, when properly sectioned are always lined by cystiphragms. In James’s section of 2. winchelli, how- ever, although it exhibits all the other characters of P. hospitalis, the tabulation appears as though not including true cystiphragms but to consist entirely of merely more or less curved diaphragms. The originally sectioned specimen, as proved by a section prepared by the writer, contains an abundance of true cystiphragms, and thus is shown to be a normal example of 7. hospitalis in every respect. That James’s section appears to show a different type of tabulation is believed to result from the fact that it divided the zoarium in a direc- tion parallel with, instead of at right angles to, its growing edge. On reflection it is apparent that species such as this in which the zocecia radiate from the center toward the growing edge will exhibit their normal internal characters best in vertical sections taken along such a radius; or, in other words, at right angles to the growing edge. Thus the cystiphragms of a species will generally appear as nearly straight or more or less curved diaphragms in a section cutting them ina direction opposite to their radial arrangement. Furthermore, it is a fact that James’s section was taken from the thin outer edge of the zoarium and therefore exhibits only an immature condition of the zocecial tubes. In nearly all Monticuliporide the cystiphragms in the basal part of the zoarium are much larger and extend much farther toward the opposite side of the tube than they do in later stages of growth. Hence, in an improperly prepared vertical section of the immature region, the appearance presented by the cystiphragms is likely to be, as in James’s section, that of merely curved diaphragms. The massive growth, numerous and closely tabulated mesopores, strong acanthopores, and rounded zocecia with both cystiphragms and Proe, N. M. vol. xxx—06——4 5O PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. diaphragms abundantly developed, distinguish Prasopora hospitalis from associated bryozoa, while the numerous and strong acanthopores serve to separate it from other species of the genus. Occurrence.—Abundant throughout the Richmond group at most localities in the Ohio Basin, The type of J/. winchelli was found near Lynchburg, Highland County, Ohio. PROBOSCINA FRONDOSA (Nicholson). Aulopora frondosa JAmes, Additions to Catal. Foss. Cincinnati Group, 1873, p. 15 (named only). Alecto frondosa NicHoison, Geol. Sury. Ohio, Pal., I, 1875, p. 266, pl. xxv, figs. 3-36. Proboscina frondosa Uuricn, Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Minnesota, Final Rep.., LL Bt. 151893) p. lop plan ee28: The name Aulopora frondosa is a nomen nudum, since James never defined the species. Nicholson gives a satisfactory description and good figures of the species and credits the name to James. An excel- lent figure is given by Ulrich in the work cited above. Oceurrence.—The typical form is not uncommon in the Corryville member of the McMillan formation at Cincinnati and vicinity. PTILODICTYA NODOSA James. Ptilodictya nodosa JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 3, 1879, p. 20. Ptilodictya nodosa Utricu, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., IV, 1882, pl. vir, figs. 2, 2a. Ptilodictya variabilis Utricn, Geol. Sury. Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 304, figs. 2a and 6). Ptilodictya clintonensis JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 5, 1881, p. 38. Ptilodictya teres JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 5, 1881, p. 40. As suggested by Ulrich’s name, 72. vardabilis, this is quite a variable species, the shape of the zoarium ranging from smooth, narrow, sword- shaped examples scarcely 2 mm. in width to broader nodose fronds reaching a width of 10 mm. or more. James’s type specimen of /. nodosa, an old and strongly marked specimen, was figured by Ulrich in 1882. This author in 1890 proposed the new name /*#//odictya variabilis for the species on the ground that 7”, nodosa was preoccu- pied by Hall’s Ascharopora recta var. nodosa, a New York Trenton form. At that time Ascharopora and Ptilodictya were supposed to represent the same generic type, but since Ulrich’s careful work in 1803 we know these two genera to be distinct. Hall’s species and variety being the typical forms of Ascharopora, Ptilodictya nodosa is not preoccupied and may therefore stand as a valid name. This species is distinguished from the associated forms of /zlo- dictya by its straight, parallel-edged frond. Young specimens have a smooth surface, but after the zoarium attains a width of 3 mm. or more the macule develops as strong nodes arranged in more or less ee < No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. Fal parallel longitudinal series. The internal structure is essentially the same as that figured by Ulrich for P. magnifica Miller and Dyer.“ The types of Ptilodictya clintonensis are straight, parallel-edged, smooth, unbranched fronds less than 3 mm. in width, and agree in all respects with numerous other examples regarded as young zoaria of P. nodosa. Ptilodictya teres was distinguished by its author mainly because the zoarium in the specimen described bears ‘*six or seven rows of oval pores, on the upper part, arranged in an alternating manner between exceedingly delicate raised lines.” The general shape and a thin sec- tion of the type indicate that 7. teres also is a synonym of 7”. nodosa, being merely an unusual or perhaps abortive example of that species. The oval pores mentioned by James are of zocecia, the zocecial aper- tures being of this shape and arranged between raised lines on the striated basal parts of all ptilodictyoid bryozoa. Occurrence.—W hitewater formation of the Richmond group. The types of P. nodosa, and also of its two synonyms, came from Clinton County, Ohio, where the species seems more abundant than elsewhere. PTILODICTYA PLUMARIA James. Ptilodictya plumaria JAmMeEs, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 4. Ptilodictya plumaria Unricn, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., V, 1882, pl. vn, figs. 1, la. This species resembles the preceding P. nodosa in its general zocecial and surface characters, but differs in this that, instead of being sword- shaped, the zoarium expands rapidly from the pointed striated base into a leaf-like frond sometimes exceeding 25 mm. in diameter. A typical specimen of the species was figured by Ulrich.’ The three Richmond species of Ptilodictya, P. nodosa, P. plumaria, and P. magnifica Miller and Dyer, form a series, the first comprising long, rather narrow, parallel-edged fronds, the third forming broad and rather irregular expansions, while the second is intermediate in its zoarial shape. Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., V, 1882, pl. vir, figs. 1, la. 59, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. PTILODICTYA WELSHI James. Ptilodictya sp. (?) James, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 8 (name Ptilodictya welshi suggested ). Under the caption of Ptilodictya sp. 4 James described a Clinton bifoliate bryozoan and suggested if it prove to be a distinct species that the name /¢//odictya welshi be applied to it. The type is either lost or never formed a part of the James collection, but, judging from the description, 7. we/shi is almost certainly the same species as that named and figured by Van Cleve as Aschara multifida in 1853 on the plates of fossils which he distributed about that time. Van Cleve’s figure excellently represents his species, which was later described by Hall? and is now referred to the genus Phenopora. If James’s species should prove to be the same, it ought to be considered a synonym for Van Cleve’s name since both appear in equally obscure publications and the earlier figure of the one is of more service in neon aes the form than the description of the other. Occurrence.—Clinton formation, Clinton County, Ohio. RHINIDICTYA PARALLELA (James). Plate LI, figs. 5-7; plate V, figs. 2, 3 Ptilodictya parallela JAMes, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 5. Rhinidictya parallela Utricn, Jour. Cincinnati Soe. Nat. Hist., V, 1882, p. 170. Ptilodictya granulosa JAmMes, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 4. Original description of P¢tlodictya parallela: ** Polyzoary, a flat- tened, linear, unbranched, two-edged frond, about one line wide, longest example observed about one inch. Surface gently convex, celluliferous on both faces; edges very thin and sharp. Eight or ten alternating rows of elliptical cells arranged between longitudinal lines; one row on each edge having an oblique direction. Cell apertures not raised, five or six in the space of a line measuring longitudinally.” Numerous intermediate specimens in the U.S. National Museum prove beyond any question that the types of Ptilodictya parallela and P. granulosa are founded upon different stages of growth of one and the same species, the type of the latter representing merely the more mature or aged stage in which numerous granules develop. The defi- nition of P. granulosa precedes that of 7. parallela in the Paleontolo- gist, but the parallel-edged branches are so marked a character in this species that the specific name calling attention to this fact is retained. All species of PRAénidictya have a granulosa stage, so that this name is without any special significance. The straight, parallel-edged, seldom branching, bifoliate zoarium, with the zocecia arranged in longitudinal rows, is so different from associated bryozoa that no difficulty is experienced in recognizing the “Twelfth Ann. Rep. Indiana Geol. Nat. Hist., 1883, p. 268, pl. xrv, fig. 4. No, 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. De species. The associated ptilodictyoids, with the exception of Sticto- porella flexuosa, may be distinguished at sight by their jointed zoaria, the articulation being at the base alone as in Ascharopora or at numer- ous points as in Arthropora. The mesopores of S. flewuosa will readily separate it from ft. parallela. Lower beds of the Eden shale at Cincinnati, Ohio, and Oceurrence. vicinity. RHINOPORA VERRUCOSA Hall. Rhinopora verrucosa Haur, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal., II, 1852, p. 48, pl. xrx, fig. la—c. ; Escharina ? distorta James, Paleontologist, No. 3, 1875, p. 21. The types of Zscharina ? distorta show that this name is founded upon specimens of the characteristic Clinton bryozoan Ainopora ver- rucosa. The specimens are embedded in solid limestone and show only their epithecal side. In breaking the rock, the two leaves of the bifoliate fronds of RA‘nopora part along the smooth median plane because the poriferous side of each leaf is rougher, and therefore adheres to the rock. By means of thin sections, however, the iden- tity of these fronds with Rhinopora verrucosa was proved beyond a doubt. Occurrence.—The types of James’s species were from the Clinton, near Wilmington, Clinton County, Ohio. 2. verrucosa is found gen- erally in abundance at most localities in the New York and Ohio areas of Clinton shale. SAGENELLA STRIATA James. Sagenella striata JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 3, 1879, p. 22. The type specimens described under this name by Mr. James are two small thin expansions parasitic upon bryozoa from the Eden shale. The surface of these expansions is ornamented with long, fine strie radiating froma similarly striated crater-like central area. A careful examination of this surface with a lens, or, better still, of the structure of the specimens by means of thin sections under the micro- scope, shows that the strix are the greatly elongated and generally confluent zocecial apertures of bryozoa with the wall structure charac- teristic of the genus Escharopora. One can now infer from their gen- eral shape and structure that the crater-like depressions of these striated parasitic growths are the basalesockets with which the pointed end of the zoaria of “scharopora articulated. That this inference is correct is proved by the occasional discovery of a zoarium with its point in place in the basal socket or in such close proximity that their relation to each other can not be doubted. It is also a fact that wherever these attached expansions occur, the erect fronds of one or other of the species of Hscharopora may always be found. By themselves these basal sockets show no specific differences, and the species to which any particular specimen belongs must be deter- — 54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XK mined by the horizon in which it occurs. Naturally when several species of Aschuropora occur at the same horizon, the determination of their respective basal sockets becomes very difficult if not impos- sible unless the pointed zoarium and parasitic base are still in position. There can be little doubt that Sagenclla striata is the articulating basal expansion of “scharopora acuminata (James), since the latter is the only species of “scharopora known in the same beds of the Eden shale. Depending upon James’s statement” that his specimens were col- lected ‘‘at the horizon of the hilltops at Cincinnati,” Nickles and the writer, in the cross references in their Synopsis of American Fossil Bryozoa, referred Sagenella striata to the Fairview species /scharo- pord, falerform is. However, this reference and remarks concerning the organism were inadvertently omitted under the synonymy of the latter. The articulating bases of 7. falciformis were described by Ulrich under the names Crateripora lineata and yar. expansa?’ betore their true relations, as published by him in 1882,° were ascertained. - - 7 STICTOPORELLA FLEXUOSA James. , Ptilodictya flexuosa James, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 4. Stictoporella flecuosa Unricn, Jour. ‘Cincinnati Bae. I Nat. Hist., V, 1882, p. 169. Stictoporella interstincta Uutricw, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., V, 1882, p. 169, pl. vin, figs. 9, 9a. Stictoporella interstincta Unricn, Geol. Sury. Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 394, fig. 14a, b. a For the identification of this species the student is referred to the description and figures of the external characters given by Ulrich in 1882, and the figures of the internal features published by the same author in 1890. Ulrich described the form as Stictoporella interstincta, believing that Pc/odictya fleruosa James was a distinct species of Stictoporella. More recent study, however, has shown that both names are founded upon unimportant mutations of the same species. — S. flexuosa is easily recognized by its narrow, generally parallel- | edged, bifoliate branches bearing rather large elliptical, flaring zoce- cial apertures, with their ends separated always by two but sometimes by three or four elongate interstitial cells. Occurrence.—Not uncommon in the Economy member of the Eden shales in the vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio. pt ee STIGMATELLA DYCHEI (James). Plate III, figs. 8-10. Monticulipora (Monotrypa) dychei James, Paleontologist, No. 6, 1882, p. 52. Monticulipora dychei James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., VI, 1883, p. 235, pl. x, figs. 2-2e.—James and James, Jour. Cincinnati Boe. Nat. Hist., XI, 1888, p. 25.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X VIII, 1895, p. 83. «Paleontologist, No. 3; 1875, p. 2 » Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. pac a. 1879, p. 30 €Idem, V, 1882, p. 151. E No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 55 Leptotrypa ? dychei Nickugs and Basster, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 173, p. 298. Stigmatella dychei Utricw and Bassier, Smithsonian Mise. Coll. (Quart. Issue), XLVI, 1904, pl. x, fig. 11. Both the internal and external features of this species have been figured by its author satisfactorily enough for its recognition, and additional illustrations of the internal structure are given here only to bring out points not mentioned by James nor shown in his figures. The zoarium is an expansion loosely incrusting crinoid columns and sometimes attains considerable size, the type specimen being about 180 mm. in length and varying from a minimum diameter of 5 mm. at the ends to a maximum of 60 mm. In vertical sections the noticeable features are the almost complete absence of diaphragms and the development of the acanthopores in zones, the latter feature in combination with the former being the principal characteristic of the genus St¢gmatella. Tangential sections passing through one of these zones of acanthopores exhibit these struc- tures of a fair size at the zocecial angles, but a section through any other part of the zoarium shows thinner-walled zocecia with the acanthopores either very small or not present at all. The loosely incrusting method of growth, thin-walled angular zocecia with mesopores practically wanting, the development of acanthopores in zones and the almost entire absence of diaphragms are characters causing this species to be easily recognized. S. clawis (Ulrich), a common and highly characteristic fossil of the Eden shales, also grows on crinoid columns, but it can not be confused with S. dyche7, its zoaria being much smaller and the surface nearly always spinulose. Oceurrence.—A highly characteristic although somewhat uncommon fossil of the Mount Auburn member of the McMillan formation at Lebanon and other localities in southwestern Ohio. STOMATOPORA DELICATULA (James). Plate III, figs. 4-7. Hippothoa delicatula James, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 6. Stomatopora delicatula NickLrs and BassuER, Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury., No. 173, 1900, p. 419. Stomatopora proutana MiniEr, Jour. Cincinnati Soe. Nat. Hist., V., 1882, p. 39, pl. 1, figs. 446. Stomatopora proutana Unricn, Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv., Minnesota, Final Rep., DE Pt. 1893 5pe 117, pl. 1, figs. 8-12. Rhopalonaria pertenuis Utricn, Fourteenth Ann. Rep. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Sury., Minnesota, 1886, p. 59. Stomatopora tenuissima Uuricn, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XII, 1890, p. 175, fig. 2. Stomatopora delicatula-tenuissima Nickurs and Bassier, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 178, 1900, p. 449. Original description.—‘* Polyzoary creeping, adnate, branching dichotomously, and sometimes anastomosing. Branches linear, about = > a 56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXi = ze 2 = : ; one-tenth of a line in diameter. Cells uniserial, each growing by a pointed base from the cell below, and expanding gradually to the mouth; two or three cells in the space of a line. Apertures terminal, elevated, and nearly or quite the diameter of the cells and placed on | their front face.” Mr. James’s description brings out all the essential features of this variable species. Its constant characters are the elongate, club-shaped zocecia increasing very gradually and regularly in width from the narrow proximal portion to the wider rounded anterior end, where a diameter of about .12 mm. is reached. Considerable variation occurs _ in the length of zocecia of the same zoarium, so that specific differences made upon this character can not be maintained. At certain horizons, and especially in the Corryville bed, very luxuriant growths of this form are found upon other organisms, and it is in such specimens that the greatest variation is exhibited. Mr. Miller applied the name SS, proutana to the very. elongate form from the Corryville bed at Cincin- nati, while specimens with the same characters, but coming from the lower part of the Eden shale were described as S. tenuissdia by My. Ulrich. The form with short zocecia was named Rhopalonaria per- tenuis by Mr. Ulrich, but later placed by him as a synonym of S. prou- — tuna Miller. Nickles and the writer recognized Mr. James’s name, but | considered S. tenwissima of sufficient value to rank asa variety. Fur- ther study may indicate that this latter form might still be rankxea as _ a variety instead of being considered a synonym as above. f Occurrence. —My. James’s type lot contains specimens from various — horizons of the Covington and Richmond groups in southwestern — Ohio. The species ranges through the various divisions of the Mohawkian and Cincinnatian divisions of the Ordovician, and has also — a wide geographical distribution. STROMATOPORA ? LICHENOIDES James. Stromatopora ? lichenoides Jamrs, Paleontologist, No. 3, 1879, p. 18. Stromatopora ? lichenoides J. F. JAmes, Jour, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XV, 1892, p. 90. Although not described as bryozoa, the types of this species prove to belong to this class. All of the specimens are basal expansions of the articulated bryozoan Arthropora. Five of the examples are from the Richmond group and are undoubtedly the bases of a form of Arthropora shaffert found very abundantly in these rocks; the remain- ing four specimens are from the Eden shales at Cincinnati and prob- ably belong to and doubtful set of ‘‘oscula” is made up, as in S. tubularis, of clay- filled burrows, while the smaller set is composed of the mouths of the zocecia themselves. ' The species of Ceramoporella seem to have bothered Mr. James con- | siderably. This is especially true of C. disténcta, the type lots of no. less than seven of his species containing unquestionable examples of this common form. ‘ INDEX OF JAMES’S NAMES.“ : Alecto nevilis James. Callopora milfordensis James. (See Ceramoporella granulosa-milfordensis. ) Ceramopora alternata James. (See Ceeloclema alternatum. ) Ceramopora ? beani James. (See Paleschara beani. ) Ceramopora concentrica James. Ceramopora ? irregularis James. Ceramopora nicholsoni James. Ceramopora radiata James. Ceramopora whitei James. (See Ceramoporella whitei. ) : Chuetetes barrandei ? James (not Nicholson). (See Hemiphragma whitfieldi. ) Chaetetes ? calycula James. (See Aspidopora calycula. ) Chaetetes cincinnatiensis James. (See Monticulipora cincinnatiensis. ) Chaetetes ? clathratulus James. (See Escharopora pavonia. ) Chaetetes clavacoides James. (See Leptotrypa clavacoidea. ) Chaetetes clavacoideus James. (See Leptotrypa clavacoidea. ) Chaetetes crustulatus James. 4 Chaetetes discoidea James. (See Amplexopora discoidea. ) Chaetetes gracilis James. (See Bythopora gracilis. ) Chaetetes Lycoperdon (Say) James. Chaetetes lycopodites (Vanuxem) James. Chaetetes meeki James. (See Bythopora meek. ) Chaetetes minutus James. (See Bythopora arctipora. ) -g Chaetetes ? onealli James. (See Callopora onealli. ) Chaetetes petropolitanus (Pander) James. Chaetetes subrotundus James. Chaetetes turbinatum James. : Chaetetes varians James. (See Batostoma varians. ) Dekayia maculata James. Escharina ? distorta James. (See Rhinopora verrucosa Hall. ) Fistulipora ? multipora James. Fistulipora oweni James. (See Coeloclema oweni. ) Fistulipora siluriana James. Helopora approximata James. Helopora dendrina James. (See Bythopora dendrina. ) Helopora harrisi James. Helopora meeki James. (See Dicranopora meeki. ) Helopora parvula James. (See Bythopora parvula. ) Helopora tenuis James. (See Arthrostylus tenuis. ) Hippothoa delicatula James. (See Stomatopora delicatula. ) Lichenalia calycula James. (See Aspidopora catycula. ) oe = - « The species discussed in this paper are arranged alphabetically and this index is given in order to facilitate the finding of the James species as now placed. —— ee ——————— ee JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. hs) Monotrypa undulata-hemispherica J. F. James. Monticulipora calycwla James. (See Aspidopora calyecula.) Monticulipora cincinnatiensis James. Monticulipora clavacoidea James. (See Leptotrypa celavacoidea. ) Monticulipora cleavelandi James. Monticulipora clintonensis James. Monticulipora communis James. (See Callopora onealli-comimunis. ) Monticulipora crustulata James. Monticulipora discoidea James. (See Amplexopora discoidea.) Monticulipora dychei James. (See Stigmatella dychei. ) Monticulipora eccentrica James. (See Aspidopora eccentrica. ) Monticulipora falesi James. (See Prasopora falesi. ) Monticulipora fusiformis James (not Whitfield). (See Lioclemella subfusiformis. } Monticulipora gracilis James. (See Bythopora gracilis. ) he Monticulipora hospitalis var. neglecta James. Monticulipora kentuckensis James. (See Callopora multitabulata. ) Monticulipora lens James (not McCoy). (See Calloporella cireularis. ) Monticulipora mecki James. (See Bythopora meeki. ) Monticulipora ohioensis James. (See Dekayella ulrichi. ) Monticulipora onealli James. (See Callopora onealti. ) Monticulipora papillata (MeCoy) James and James. Monticulipora petasiformis var. welchi James. (See Amplexopora petasiformis welchi. ) Monticulipora subcylindrica J. F. James. (See Amplexopora filiosa. ) Monticulipora turbinata James. Monticulipora undulata var. hemispherica J. F. James. (See Monotrypa wndulata mispherica. ) Monticulipora varians James. (See Batostoma varians. ) Monticulipora whitfieldi James. (See Hemiphragma whitfieldi. ) Monticulipora wortheni James. (See Homotrypa wortheni. ) Monticulipora ( Chaetetes) meeki James. (See Bythopora meeki. ) Monticulipora ( Chaetetes) varians James. (See Batostoma varians. ) Monticulipora ( Chaetetes) whitfieldi James. (See Hemiphragma whitfieldi. ) Monticulipora (Dekayia) maculata James. (See Dekayia maculata. ) Monticulipora ( Fistulipora) alternata James. (See Coeloclema alternatum. ) Monticulipora ( Fistulipora) milfordensis James. (See Ceramoporella granulosa mil- fordensis. ) co Monticulipora ( Fistulipora) nicholsoni James. Monticulipora oweni James. (See Coeloclema oweni. ) Monticulipora (Heterotrypa) circularis James. (See Calloporella circularis.) Monticulipora (Heterotrypa?) cleavelandi James. (See Monticulipora cleavelandi. ) Monticulipora ( Heterotrypa) clintonensis James. Monticulipora ( Heterotrypa ?) eccentrica James. (See Aspidopora eccentrica. ) Monticulipora (Heterotrypa) onealli ? var. communis James. (See Callopora onealli mmunis. ) Monticulipora ( Heterotrypa) winchelli James. (See Prasopora hospitalis. ) Monticulipora (Monotrypa) dychei James. (See Stigmatella dychei. ) Monticulipora (Monotrypa ?) subfusiformis James. (See Lioclemella subfusiformis. ) Monticulipora (Monotrypa) welchi James. (See Amplexopora petasiformis welchi. ) Monticulipora (Monotrypa) wortheni James. (See Homotrypa wortheni. ) Ptilodictya acuminata James. (See Escharopora acuminata. ) Ptilodictya antiqua James. (See Eurydictya multipora. ) Ptilodictya? cincinnatiensis James. (See Arthropora cincinnatiensis. ) Ptilodictyu cleavelandi James. (See Arthropora cleavelandi. ) Ptilodictya clintonensis James. (See Plilodictya nodosa. ) 60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Ptilodictya dubia James. (See Arthropora cleavelandi. ) Ptilodictya fimbriata James. (See Phxnopora fimbriata. ) Ptilodictya flexuosa James. (See Stictoporella flexuosa. ) _ Ptilodictya grahami James. (See Arthropora cleavelandi. ) Ptilodictya granulosa James. (See Rhinidictya parallela. ) Ptilodictya hilli James. (See Escharopora hilli.) Ptilodictya kentuckyensis James. (See Arthropora kentuckyensis. ) Ptilodictya nodosa James. Ptilodictya parallela James. (See Rhinidictya parallela. ) Ptilodictya platyphylla James. (See Phenopora expansa. ) Ptilodictya plumaria James. Ptilodictya teres James. (See Ptilodictya nodosa. ) Ptilodictya welshi James. Sagenella striata James. Stictopora clathratula James. (See Escharopora pavonia. ) Stromatopora ? lichenoides James. . Stromatopora ludlowensis James. Stromatopora tubularis James. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Puate I. Prasopora falesi (James). Fias. 1 and 2. Tangential section, x 20, and portion of same, x 35, showing the usual characters of this species as restricted and here redefined. The small acanthopores which seem to be confined to the vicinity of the maculee are especially characteristic. 3 and 4. Vertical section, x 20, and portion of same, 35, showing the tabu- lation of the zocecial tubes and mesopores and the acanthopores as they appear when cut lengthwise. Lexington limestone, Danville, Kentucky. Callopora multitabulata (Ulrich). 5 and 6. Views of tangential and vertical sections, 20, drawn from the same sections used by James in attempting to illustrate the internal structure of his Monticulipora kentuckensis. 7. A few zocecia of fig. 5, & 35, illustrating the minute structure of the walls. Lexington limestone, Paris, Kentucky. Aspidopora calycula (James). 8 and 9. Tangential section, x 20, and a portion of same, * 35, of an average | example of this well-marked species. 10. Vertical section 20, showing as usual only a single large cystiphragm at the base of the zocecial tubes. Bromley shale, Ohio River bank, West Covington, Kentucky. Burydictya multipora (2? Hall) Ulrich. 11 and 12. Tangential and vertical sections, 20, prepared from James’s type © of Ptilodictya antiqua and showing the usual characters of the species to | which it is now referred. Lexington limestone, near Harrodsburg, Kentucky. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 61 Callopora onealli communis (James). (See also Plate IV, figs. 8 and 9.) Fig. 13. Tangential section, x 20, of an average example, exhibiting the few meso- pores and angular zocecia marking this variety, and the wall structure of a Callopora. MeMicken member of the Eden shale. Cincinnati, Ohio. Puatre IT. Bythopora arctipora (Nicholson). land 2. Tangential and vertical sections, respectively, x 20, of one of the originals of Chaetetes minutus James. The external characters as well as the internal features shown in these figures are precisely the same as in the form previously described by Nicholson as Ptilodictya aretipora. MeMicken member of Eden shale, near Loveland, Ohio. Dekayella ulrichi (Nicholson) . 3. A few cells of a tangential section, * 35. 4. Portion of the peripheral region of a vertical section, x 20. These figures were drawn from sections prepared from the type of Monticulipora ohioensis James. The internal characters are in all respects like those of D. ulrichi. Eden shale, Cincinnati, Ohio. Rhinidictya parallela (James). (See also Plate V, figs. 2, 3. 5. Tangential section, 20, of stipe taken just beneath a bifurcation and show- ing the aged condition of this species distinguished by James as Ptilodictya granulosa. 6. Tangential section, 20, of a younger branch agreeing with the original of Ptilodictya parallela James. 7. Vertical section, < 20, prepared from the same specimen as fig. 6. Economy member of Eden shale, Cincinnati, Ohio. Aspidopora eccentrica (James). (See also Plate V, figs. 7, 8.) 8 and 9. Tangential and vertical sections, 20, drawn from James’s type sections. 10 and 11. Tangential section of another specimen, * 20, and a small portion of same, X 35. 12. Vertical section, x 20, showing nearly the entire width of one of the small disks of this species. Southgate member of Eden shale, Cincinnati, Ohio. Dekayia maculata (James). 13. Vertical section, x 20, of an average example, containing rather more of the extremely delicate diaphragms than usual. 14. Tangential section of same, 20, showing one of the macule which often occur, and the thick walls characterizing the species. These sections were prepared from James’s type of the species, -McMicken member of the Eden shale, Loveland, Ohio, is > 62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX, q ’ Hemiphragma whitfieldi (James). (See also Plate IV, figs. 1-4; plate V, fig. 5.) Fic. 15. Tangential section, « 20, showing many of the zocecia with sections of the semidiaphragms. Se 16. Vertical section, < 20, showing undulating walls in axial region, complete diaphragms in outer part of same and semidiaphragms in the thick-walled peripheral region. These incomplete diaphragms are distinctive of Hemi- phragma. Economy member of the Eden shale, Cincinnati, Ohio. Sanaa Ainplexopora filiosa (D’Orbigny ). 1. Taigential section, < 20, the upper half of figure showing the characters of the mature region, the lower half those of the immature zone. 2. Tangential section through the mature region, * 35, exhibiting the numer- ous acanthopores and the dark line separating adjoining zocecia. 3. Vertical section, * 12, showing two successive alternate pairs of immature and mature zones and above these a longer immature zone. The figure ~ brings out the difference in wall structure and tabulation characterizing the respective regions or zones. Sections prepared from the figured type of Monticulipora subcylindrica James. Fairview formation, Cincinnati, Ohio. Stomatopora delicatula (James). | 4.and 5. Portion of a zoarium X 12 and three zocecia, < 20, of the form to which | Miller applied the name S. proutana. Belleview bed of the Fairview formation, Cincinnati, Ohio. | 6. Portion of zoarium, < 12, showing variations in the length of zocecia. In many specimens the general proportions of the zocecia in the lower half of the figure is constant. Corryville bed of McMillan formation, Cincinnati, Ohio. Several zocecia, * 12, of the form named 8. tenuwissima by Ulrich. Economy member of Eden shale, Cincinnati, Ohio. | The specimens illustrated here were selected from the lot marked as the types of his species by Mr. James. “I Stigmatella dychei (James). 8. Tangential sections, 20, the upper and lower halves exhibiting the char- acters of the mature and immature regions, respectively. It should he remarked that the larger size of the zocecia in the upper half of the figure is due to the fact that it includes a large part of one of the maculee. 9. Tangential section, 50, showing minute structure of walls and acantho- pores. 10. Vertical section, < 12, passing through successive pairs of immature and mature zones. Sections prepared from James’s figured type of the species. Mt. Auburn member of the McMillan formation, Lebanon, Ohio, JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. GF Bythopora parvula (James). (See also Plate V, fig. 4.) mace: 11 and 12. Tangential and vertical sections, 20, prepared from one of the types of this delicate bryozoan. McMicken member of the Eden shales, Loveland, Ohio. Arthropora cleavelandi (James). (See also Plate IV, fig. 6.) 13. Outline drawing of type of Ptilodictya cleavelandi James, < 2. This illus- trates the usual form of the upper segments of the zoaria of this species. 14 and 15. Outline drawings of the type specimens of P. grahami James. These are bifurcated initial segments. 16. Outline drawing of type of P. dubia James, X 2. This also is an initial seg- ment of the same species as the original of P. cleavelandi, but differs in its simple, unbifurcated, upper articulating extremity. All of the specimens are from the Eden shales at Cincinnati, Ohio. Puate IV. Hemiphragma whitfieldi (James). (See also Plate II, figs. 15, 16; plate V, fig. 5.) 1 and 2. Views of two of the James type specimens, x 1.5. Economy member of Eden shales, Cincinnati, Ohio. 3 and 4. Two fragments of a more robust form of this species, 1.5. Southgate member of Eden shales, Covington, Kentucky. Arthropora kentuckyensis (James ). 5. View of the type and only known specimen of this incompletely known species, X 6. The lower part of the specimen is broken away but doubtless was originally obtusely pointed. Bromley shales of the Trenton, Ohio River bank, opposite Cincin- nati, Ohio. Arthropora cleavelandi (James). (See also Plate III, figs. 13-16. ) 6. A complete segment of this species, * 6, showing the comparatively slender habit of growth and the short lateral branches which diverge very nearly at right angles and are particularly characteristic. McMicken member of the Eden shales, Cincinnati, Ohio. Arthropora cincinnatiensis (James). 7. View of the specimen marked as the type of this species, 6. It is merely one of the separated segments but is in a good state of preservation and quite typical. Mt. Hope member of the Fairview formation, Cincinnati, Ohio, 64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXaie Callopora onealli communis (James). (See also Plate I, fig. 13.) Fics. 8 and 9. Two fragments of this robust variety, 1.5. MeMicken member of the Eden shale, Cincinnati, Ohio. Piate V. Ticranopora meeki (James). 1. View of a portion of the surface of the slab containing fhe types of this species, X 6. The figure contains two simple and one bifurcated segments and exhibits the elongate, narrow, subcylindrical form distinguish ng the joints of this delicate bryozoan. Mt. Hope member of the Fairview formation, Cincinnati, Ohio. Rhinidictya parallela (James). (See also Plate II, figs. 5-7. ) 2. View of the type specimen of Ptilodictya granulosa James, * 6, showing the — thickened granulose walls found in old examples. 3. View of the type of Ptilodictya parallela James, * 1.5. It is the central stipe in the figure and party covered by the free cheek of an Acidaspis. ~ | Economy member of Eden shales, Cincinnati, Ohio. Bythopora parvila (James). | (See also Plate III, figs. 11, 12.) 4. Surface of slab bearing type specimens, 1.5, showing several branches | within the space outlined with ink. MeMicken member of Eden shales, Loveland, Ohio. Hemiphragma whitfieldi (James). | (See also Plate IT, figs. 15, 16; plate LV, figs. 1-4.) f 5. Perfectly cleaned surface of specimen showing semidiaphragms within zocecia, X 8. Southgate member of Eden shales, West Covington, Kentucky. Ceramoporella whitei (James). (See also Plate VI, figs. 8-10. ) 6. Surface of James’s type, < 8, showing the nearly direct apertures and incon- spicuous lunaria, which features distinguish the species from the otherwise similar C. ohioensis (Nicholson). Corryville member of the McMillan formation, Cincinnati, Ohio. Aspidopora eccentrica (James). (See also Plate II, figs. 8-12.) . The underside of a specimen of this peculiar species, * by 8, showing the eccentric striation of this surface. 8. Upper, celluliferous surface of another example, 8. Southgate member of Eden shales, Cincinnati, Ohio, ~ No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 65 Puate VI. Callopora onealli (James). Fias. 1 and 2. Views of two oi the type specimens, 1.5. Economy member of Eden shales, Cincinnati, Ohio. Callopora onealli sigillarioides (Nicholson). 3and 4. Views of two typical examples, x 1.5, introduced for comparison with C. onealli. MeMicken member of Utica shales, Cincinnati, Ohio. Coeloclema oweni (James). 5. Vertical section, > 20. 6. Tangential section, < 20, showing the large prominent lunaria and the resulting bilobed appearance of the zocecia. Mt. Auburn member, Lebanon, Ohio. Ceramoporella granulosa milfordensis (James). 7. Tangential section of a portion of a macula, 35. In this region alone a few granules are developed. Eden shales, Milford, Ohio. Ceramoporella whitei (James). (See also Plate V, fig. 6.) 8 and 9. Tangential sections, « 20 and 35, respectively, showing the usual aspect of this species. 10. One layer of zocecia of a vertical section, 20. Corryville member, Cincinnati, Ohio. Prats Vil. Prasopora hospitalis (Nicholson). 1. Vertical section of the basal part of the zoarium, > 20, drawn from James’s type section of Monticulipora winchelli. The section, partly on account of an error in the preparation, shows only curved tabulee as described by Mr. James, instead of the usual cystiphragms. 2. Vertical section, * 20, exhibiting the shape and distribution of the cysti- phragms in the mature region. 3. Tangential section of the mature region, X 35. The large acanthopores especially characteristic of P. hospitalis are well brought out in the section. Figs. 2 and 3 were drawn from thin sections prepared from the same specimen used by Mr. James in describing and illustrating his species. Richmond group, near Lynchburg, Highland County, Ohio. Lioclemella subfusiformis (James). 4. Vertical section, x 20, of a zoarium showing the untabulated zocecia and the closely tabulated mesopores, the latter being restricted to the periph- eral region. » : Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06 5 66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. Figs. 5 and 6. Tangential sections, X 20 and & 35. The angular thin-walled zoe cia 10. ie and mesopores often closely resemble each other, but the more rounded form and slightly thicker walls of the former will serve as a means of dis- tinguishing them. . Natural size views of three of the type specimens figured by James. Waynesville formation of the Richmond group, Westboro, Ohio. Helopora harrisi (James). . Two segments, < 12, from type locality (after Ulrich). Waynesville formation of the Richmond group, Waynesville, Ohio. Batostoma variabile Ulrich (restricted). . Vertical section, < 20, passing through the mature and a portion of the immature region. Tangential section, * 20, exhibiting the angular, thick-walled contiguous zocecia, the comparatively small acanthopores and the absence of mesopores. Top of Richmond group, Osgood, Indiana. Phenopora fimbriata (James). Outline drawing of the type specimen, the basal extremity restored; natural size. . Tangential section of type, 20. Clinton formation, Clinton County, Ohio. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX _ PL. | U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM as GTN — Fee BE tz To ) Merrit et pet ( KS PS AOL SS Nea JAMES TYPES OF ORDOVICIAN BRYOZOA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 60, 61. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX _ PL. Il & & LOS c @ 6, sO OK y g 3 : “Sy oe: jf SX = \ S {PG > a = = 5 JAMES TYPES OF ORDOVICIAN BRYOZOA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 61, 62. Pe ee ed U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. III att, PENS tH) Ly \ y Sai Zo) JAMES TYPES OF ORDOVICIAN BRYOZOA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 62, 68. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. IV JAMES TYPES OF ORDOVICIAN BRYOZOA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 63, 64. Ah ek ne PCS Na hel ng Satay Mi eal AO! At CTL ALLOA SM . U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. V JAMES TYPES OF ORDOVICIAN BRYOZOA. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 64. yee Pe hy . { + ee ca Pu PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. VI -U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM JAMES TYPES OF ORDOVICIAN BRYOZOA. For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 65. a Pa oe ta PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. VIl U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM JAMES TYPES OF ORDOVICIAN AND SILURIAN BRYOZOA. 65, 66. THE LIFE HISTORY OF THE CAVE SALAMANDER, SPE- LERPES MACULICAUDUS (COPE). By Artruur M. Banta and Waxpo L. McATEr. Of the University of Indiana. During the past two years the senior author has been engaged in a study of the animal ecology of Mayfield’s cave, near Bloomington, Indiana. An attempt has been made to work out the distribution, life history, etc., of as many of the species inhabiting that cave as possi- ble. The present paper is an excerpt from the larger one and gives the results of the work on the common cave salamander. It is based largely upon collections made by the authors, but free use has been made of material contained in the United States National Museum. GENERAL ACCOUNT. REFERENCES TO LITERATURE. ~The cave salamander, Spelerpes maculicaudus (Cope), was, until comparatively recently, confounded with its near relative and asso- ciate, Spelerpes longicaudus (Green). The following references per- tain to maculicaudus exclusively: Gyrinophilus maculicaudus Corr, Am. Nat., XXIV, 1890, p. 966, fig.—(Brook- ville, Indiana).—BurtEr, Journ. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIV, 1892, p. 172. (Brookville, Indiana; Northeastern Franklin County; Westport, Decatur County. ) Spelerpes maculicaudus Hay, Am. Nat., X XV, 1891, p. 1135 (Brookville, Indiana, p- 1133; Bloomington, Indiana; May’s Cave, near Bloomington; Kern’s Cave, near Bedford, Indiana); Ann. Rept. Dept. Geol. Ind. (1891), 1892, p. 447, pl. 1, fig. 4. (Brookville, Indiana; Bloomington, Indiana; May’s Cave, near Bloomington; Kern’s Cave, near Bedford; Decatur County; and small cave, near Wyandotte Cave, Indiana; Barry County, Missouri, p. 448 ).—GAINES, Am. Nat., X XIX, 1895, p. 55 (Vincennes, Indiana).—Copr, Ann. Rept. Smiths. Inst. (1898), 1900, p. 1213 (Transalleghenian district of the Caroli- nian Faunal area).—EiGENMANN, Trans. Am. Micr. Soc., XXII, 1901, pp. 189-91, pl. xxv (Rockhouse Cave, Wilson’s Cave, and Marble Cave, Missouri; Brookville, Wyandotte Cave, and Bloomington, Indiana ).—E1GEN- MANN and Kernnepy, Biol. Bull., 1V, No. 5, 1903, pp. 227-8, fig. 1 (Marble Cave and Rockhouse Cave, Missouri). PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No. 1443. 67 68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. > |} Spelerpes maculicauda Buarcutey, Ann. Rep. Dept. Geol. Ind., (1896), 1897, pp. 125-183 (Porter’s Cave, Owen County, Indiana; Donnehue’s Cave, Lawrence County; Clifty Cave, Washington County; Marengo Cave, Wyan- dotte Cave, Little Wyandotte Cave, Saltpeter Cave, and Sibert’s Well Cave, Crawford County; Indian Springs, Martin County; Donnelson’s Cave, Law- rence County; May’s Cave, Monroe County; Kern’s Cave, Lawrence County).—Er1Genmann, Pop. Sci. Mo., LVI, 1899-1900, p. 474, fig. 1 (Caves of Eastern U. S.); Proc. Ind. Ac. Sci. (1899), 1900, pp. 31-3 (Caves of Mississippi Valley); Science, n. s., XI, p. 493 (Caves of Mississippi Valley); Trans. Am. Mier. Soc., X XI (1899), 1900, p. 49 (Caves of Mississippi Valley). DISTRIBUTION, HABITS, AND HABITAT. The Cave Salamander“ (fig. 1) is confined to the Mississippi Valley. It has been collected from 2 stations in Tennessee, 1 in West Virginia, 1 in Kentucky, 26 in Indiana, and 5 in Missouri. All of these localities are within the borders of the Carolinian faunal area (and restricted, obvi- ously, to the Transalleghenian district thereof), a fact which sufliciently attests to the animal’s status as a characteristic Carolinian species. It is most commonly found in caves, and as a rule occurs at no great distance from the mouth, usually barely beyond twilight. Thus in Maytield’s Cave it has been found much oftener near the entrance than farther in, and the same is true of Truitt’s Cave, also in Monroe County, Indiana, and the Twin Caves, in Mitchell, Indiana. Doctor Eigemann found it only near: the mouths of Wilson’s, Marble, and Rock House caves, Missouri. It sometimes ventures into the deeper recesses, however, being reported from a spot 14 miles within Wyandotte Cave, and it regularly resorts to such places to lay its eggs. The larve have been found in the remoter portions of Wyandotte, Mayfield’s, and Mammoth cayes. The Cave Salamander is likely to be found around springs originating from caves, and indeed at any point along the streams these feed. The nearly mature larve particularly are apt to occur in such y situations. Fig. 1.—ADULY SPELERPES Occasionally S. maculicaudus is found away gee rhs from the vicinity of caves. Mr. W. P. Hay writes us as follows concerning this point: In 1899 and 1900 I found S. maculicaudus and S. longicaudus in considerable num- bers in West Virginia, both in limestone caverns and in the forest under logs. In “It has also been called the ‘‘ Hoosier salamander’’ and the ‘‘ Spotted-tailed salamander.”’ ‘No, 1443. CAVE SALAMANDERS—BANTA AND McATEE. 69 the caverns S. longicaudus was much more common, while in the woods the two species occurred in about equal numbers. Blatchley records finding two specimens beneath logs in Monroe County, Indiana, a mile or more from any known cave and half that distance from springs or streams. Its occurrence at Brookville and Vincennes, Indiana, and in Decatur County, localities not in charac- teristic cave regions, further indicates that it is more or less independ- ent of caves. This account, however, has to do with the species particularly as a cave inhabitant. In Mayfield’s Cave it is doubtless fairly common, ~ but is only occasionally seen and then usually not in remote parts of the cavern. Nearly all of the adults seen have occurred between 60 and 150 feet from the mouth. Four, however, were observed in a passage 572 feet back, another at the edge of a shallow pool at 1,200 feet, and a recently matured specimen was collected 1,470 feet from the mouth. The latter occurrence is readily to be understood because the larvee are hatched and develop in these deeper fastnesses. Indeed, the whole character of the salamander’s distribution in the cave results from this habit. The younger larve occur in the remoter parts. After, and | even before transformation there is a gradual movement toward the mouth; here the adults—splendid fellows—are most numerous. Dep- redations of enemies and escape to the outer world regulate their number. That adults are found in the deeper portions of the cave is probably due in most cases to the necessity of laying their eggs in water, of which there is usually none near the entrance. When larve are found at the mouth or even outside of the cave it is probable that in most cases they were carried there by freshets. Within the cave the adults are generally found in a crevice or upon a shelf of the wall. Only three have. been observed on the floor. Their favorite resting places, therefore, are to be reached only by climbing. But this is an easy feat for S. maculicaudus, as the follow- ing will illustrate: At a point 572 feet back two were seen near each other in a cranny near the roof above a 15-foot embankment of earth, while on the opposite side of the passage one had ascended more than 10 feet on a perpendicular surface of stone. In sealing such places they are probably materially assisted by their tails. These are prehensile to quite a degree, enabling the salamander to support itself by the tail alone. The ability of the animals to climb is more severely tested when they are confined in glass jars. Yet they ascend vertical and even overhanging surfaces and usually remain clinging at the highest point. When thus settled in a comfortable position the salamander is not easily induced to move. Inthe cave it is not readily disturbed by : light or by an object moving near. -While light of itself will rarely 70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, | | ‘ause it to stir, the heat of a candle or occasionally the near approach | of an object will arouse it to action. Its actions when touched are | almost galvanic; leaping a foot or more at the first move, it continues to retreat for several feet by a series of leaps and wriggles. Having | placed some distance between itself and the cause of its fright it again © becomes quiet and is almost as hard to disturb as before. This apparent apathy even in the glare of a powerful light would seem to indicate poor visual powers, but the eye of S. maculicaudus is — in nowise degenerate, being as well developed as in the closely related — S. longicaudus, a species almost entirely epigean. In this respect it differs from all other salamanders known to be true cave dwellers. Typhlotriton speleus of southwestern Missouri has eyes well developed — when young, but somewhat degenerate when adult, while Zyphlomolge | rathbuni of the subterranean streams of Texas has exceedingly degen- erate eyes, surpassing in this respect even the renowned Proteus of Europe. Returning now to the subject of our sketch, we will continue the discussion of the habits of the adult S. maculicaudus. It is not aquatic to any extent; two or three specimens only have been found in shal- low water during our collecting. In captivity, where choice is afforded, it always prefers to remain in a damp place whether remote from or near the water, rather than in that element itself. DEVELOPMENT. In the breeding season, however, individuals of this species resort to pools of water to deposit their eggs. The process of mating has not been observed nor have the eggs been seen. The larve have first been found about February 5, and are at this time slightly under 18 mm. in length. Assuming Spelerpes maculicaudus to have about the same rate of growth as some common salamander with which we are familiar, for instance, Amblystoma opacum, these larve are about one month old. This granted, it follows that the eggs are laid in the early part of January. Small larve have been found as late as March 20, indicating a later period of oviposition, but there is no doubt that in Mayfield’s Cave the bulk of the eggs of this species are laid at the earlier date. At 17.5 mm. the larve are fairly active. They have a full comple- ment of digits showing that the first larval stages are rapid, and that perfection in larval form is reached comparatively early. The attain- ment of larger s/ze is, however, a slower process. Twenty-five milli- meters is probably the average maximum size reached the first spring. Up to this time the larve are fairly uniform in size, but by the sue- ceeding autumn there is a great disparity to be noticed. Larvee measur- ing from 31 to 56.5 mm. have been taken in autumn, and some trans- form at this season. Most of them, however, mature later, twelve to fifteen months after their appearance in the cave. no. 1443. CAVE SALAMANDERS—BANTA AND McATEE. TL There is evidence that even a longer period may be passed in the larval state by some individuals, and a longer period than the above seems to be the rule for another member of the genus, Spelerpes bilin- eatus. Concerning this species Wilder@ says: ‘‘The larve * * * hatch early and continue for a long time in the larval state, probably 2-3 years. * * * The growth must be exceedingly slow and dependent upon the fortune of the individual in securing prey. I have caught all stages from 16-52 mm. at all seasons of the year, and see no indication that those larvee collected at any one time represent one, two, or three years of definite growth.” That slow develop- ment is the rule in the genus is further shown by the life history of Spelerpes ruber. Small and large larvee and recently transformed individuals are commonly found together in the same spring. The small larve of S. maculicaudus are easily studied in their native pools. They are most often found lying quietly on the bottom, in their position and distribution reminding one of the johnny darters on the creek bed. But the analogy can be carried no further; the dart- ers are the incarnation of irritability and activity, while no mechan- ical disturbance short of actual poking will cause these larve to move. When captured at the first trial the feat seems easy, but when that fails the larve are elusive, and by stirring up the sediment cloud the water so that their motions are not easily followed. Their habit of lying openly on the bottom is changed when they are confined in a well-lighted vessel. Here they seem ill at ease except when hiding under some object on the bottom. When disturbed, they swim rap- idly, but not for any length of time, as they soon seek the bottom and nose about fora hiding place. This sensitiveness to ight agrees with their behavior inthe cave. All larve are very much more responsive to hight stimulus than the adults, the young larve more so than the older. The former always swim away from the source of light, while the latter act ina more uncertain way, lowering and raising the head, starting away but stopping immediately only to lower the head and start in another direction. A light held steadily upon them, how- ever, will cause more decided action, a slow movement away from the light resulting. In the very oldest larval stages they are also stimulated by light. A large larva found March 4 seemed annoyed by the light, especially when it was flashed suddenly on and off. This larva was approaching transformation. The gills were quite small, the tail had lost some of its keel, and in the shape of both body and head it resembled an adult. Besides these changes, the larval coloration, while not yet lost, was supplemented by the characteristic spots of the adult. Other habits of larve at this stage are of interest and are best known to us from the study of specimens in the laboratory. @Am. Nat., XX XIII, 1899, p. 242. 72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. A larva about 45 mm. long was collected in the cave March 15. It showed no signs of transformation and for a long time was content to stay in the water, resting much of the time upon the lower end of a piece of wood placed at such a slant that the larva had choice of vary- ing depths of water. About April 20, more than a month after being brought from the cave, it began resting nearer the surface and remained often with the nose slightly out of water. When disturbed, it dashed to the bottom, but immediately tried to dart up the sides of the jar and get its nose out again. It kept constantly on the move until it again rested in its favorite position on the piece of wood. About May 1 the young salamander began to spend all of its time either on the wood or the side of the jar, with all or nearly all of its body out of the water. At this time its gills had disappeared; they had begun to reduce ten days before. Soon after transformation it escaped from the jar through a slight crevice in the cover. During its period of indoor life it obtained little food and consequently made no growth. This apparently did not retard transformation, which came with a rush, the final changes of form and color seeming almost to occur in a day. At the time this larva escaped it had no tinge of the orange so con- spicuous in the adult, although in all other respects it was a perfect minature of the full grown salamander. A more detailed account of the final and most interesting stages of larval life is the history of a larva taken among some stones in water December 21. It was 54 mm. long when captured, and showed no signs of transformation. This larva was well fed with small anne- lids and occasionally bits of meat. Until January 20 it lived content- edly in the water, but on that date it climbed up on a floating mass of water-cress and remained with the nose and part of the upper sur- face of the head out of water.. On January 23 more of the head was projected, but only part of the time was spent in this position. Dur- ing the remainder it rested on the bottom, usually under cover. On January 26 the gills were noticeably smaller, and on the next day, at 10 o’clock in the morning, the larva was seen on the side of the jar with all of the head and most of the gills out of water. An hour later it had climbed up farther, and was almost clear of the water. It was breathing air, the throat throbbing rapidly. In the afternoon it left the water completely, but turned and remained for some time with the nose thrust in the water, later remaining in a similar posi- tion, but wholly out of the water. The larva was now 57 mm. in length and its gills were less than one-fifth their original size. When disturbed, it jumped down and swam frantically about in the aqua- rium, stopping under the water-cress, but soon crawled up the side until only the tip of the tail dipped in the water. By January 30 it remained out of water al! the time, the gills having entirely disap- peared. It was, however, able to remain under water for several No. 1443. CAVE SALAMANDERS—BANTA AND McATEE. ie minutes, in one instance fifteen, and often chose to stay under water in daytime, remaining under cover. But most of the day it remained above water and at night seemed to do so entirely. The changes in the size of the gills preceding transformation are the reverse of stages which are passed through during early larval life. ‘These exclusively larval organs are very slightly developed in the young below 18 mm. in length. Ina specimen 17.5 mm. (March 20) and in one 18 mm. (February 16) they are very stubby, with short filaments. At 21 mm. (February 16) the filaments are much length- ened, and a corresponding increase is to be noted in larve 36 mm. long (November 12). Up to this stage the distal half of the gill is clear and translucent, while the basal part is pigmented. At 48 mm. (Sep- tember 30) some specimens show a reduction of the gills, but among specimens haying them most perfectly developed is one 50 mm. in length (October 7). In these larvee the gills are pigmented to some extent even on the delicate filaments. Absorption of the gills prob- ably takes place in most cases when the larve are between 50 and 55 mm. But we have one larva 56.5 mm. long (October 28) in which the gills are perfect, although this specimen is longer than many of the recently transformed adults. The state of the gills, however, shows that it is a genuine larval form, and although we have observed one longer specimen (57 mm.) with gills reduced and near transformation, it seems certain that the growth of this individual was accomplished under the most. favorable conditions and that in it are realized the utmost possibilities of larval development under natural conditions. The process of absorption of the gills is the reverse of that of growth, in detail as well as in entirety. Whereas the basal stubs are present in early life and from them are budded out the filaments, the latter are the first parts absorbed, the main arches disappearing slowly. After this is completed the place of joining of the edges of the gill-slit is indicated for some time in the young adults by a dark line, which is visible on both the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the side of the neck. Besides the changes in these particular organs of the trans- forming larve the entire body seems to lose in bulk, becoming flat- tened and undergoing a special reduction in vertical dimension in the tail, which loses all traces of the keel. Further, the neck appears longer and slimmer, making the head more conspicuous, and, finally, the eyes become much more prominent. The evolution of form is accompanied by as great a change in color. To the naked eye the young larve appear uniformly gray, while the adult is flaming orange with conspicuous black spots. The study of the developmentof the color pattern is of so much importance as an aid in identifying the larval salamanders (a thing still impossible in the case of many common species) that it has been separated from the main account of the life history and treated in greater detail. 74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. DEVELOPMENT OF THE COLOR PATTERN IN THE LARVZ OF SPELERPES MAcULICAUDUS. By Waupo L. McAtTEE. The youngest larvee of the species are nearly uniformly pigmented, while the adults are marked with separate, sharply defined spots. The development of the color pattern, therefore, is the change from even distribution of pigment cells on the smaller animal to their con- centration in restricted areas on the larger. At 17.5 mm. (fig. 1, Plates VIII and IX) the pigment? cells are abun- dant and about evenly distributed over the whole body, with the exception of certain invariably pigmentless areas which form the most conspicuous and characteristic feature of the larval coloration. The least important of these (that is, the one which for all practical pur- poses is identical in adult and larva) is the ventral area and its history may as well be completed at once. This ventral area extends from the gular fold or from slightly in front of it to the cloaca, often being prolonged in a narrow line on the tail, and includes the inner surfaces of the limbs with which it may or may not be connected. It is gen- erally bridged by a band of pigment cells over the pubic region and in cases where it extends anterior to the gular fold, by a narrower band along the gill slits. In younger larve the latter condition exists, as the lower surface of the head is not so completely pigmented as in older larve and adults. In the later larval stages the anterior bridge of pigment may separate in the median line or it may persist, leaving thus a small separate pigmentless area. In the adult, however, the head is entirely pigmented on the underside back to the gular fold. In larve above 30 mm. in length the ventral area is liable to be encroached upon by pigment in various places, but the middle line at least remains spotless until transformation. In the adult, while the lower side of the tail loses the marbling which it generally pos- sesses in the larva, it retains some pigment; in fact there is no con- siderable area on any part of the body free from pigment dots. The dots can be made out with close scrutiny by the unaided eye, but are more easily studied with a lens. Thus while the presence of pigment cells over the whole ventral surface is exclusively an adult character of the species, and demands consideration in a discussion of the development of the color pattern, this area, with the exception of the lower surface of the head, may, for the purpose of ordinary description, as before mentioned, be con- sidered immaculate in the adult as it actually is in the larva. The other conspicuous pigmentless areas of the larva are arranged in three longitudinal series on each side, and together with the pigment around them play the major part in the evolution of the color pattern. No. 1443. CAVE SALAM: Se eee ANTA AND McATEE. 75 These a areas are roug ghly circular to oblong, and are ‘most prominently developed between the levels of the root of the fore limb and of the cloaca, although each series may be traced more or less distinctly on both the head and tail. Counting from the insertion of the fore leg to the region which may be overlapped by the hind one, there are in the upper (first) series of areas about ten, in the middle or second series, thirteen to fifteen, and .in the lowest or third series from seven to thirteen. The upper pee is near the mid-dorsal line and in larvee from 17.5 to 21 mm. (fig. 2, Plates VIII and IX), is the most conspicuous of the three, being finale up of the largest areas. This series is first to dis- appear in the development of the color pattern. The second series is situated just above the middle of the side, being visible from above. It is the longest lived of the series, sometimes remaining quite perfect after transformation. The third and lowest series begins under the’ fore leg and extends along the side toward the hind leg, sometimes falling short of that point, sometimes surpassing it. This series is the most variable and is not of much importance in the production of the adult coloration. It is none the less an important larval character. In some salamanders, notably various species of Amblystoma, this series exhibits metallic color. Returning now to the smallest of the larval stages (17.5 mm.) we will trace the fate of the pigmentless areas and also of the abundant pigment cells so uniformly covering the surface of the larve of this age. Besides the above-mentioned conspicuous immaculate areas, the interstices of the pigment spots form a reticulation over the whole body, which with the former makes the ground color of the larya. In the stage at present under discussion this is light yellow.“ The ventral area in this as well as succeeding stages is pale. The legs are covered above with a coarse network of pigment, generally with an open space over the base of the toes, which is also a persistent character in the larva. The particular feature to be noticed about this larva, however, is the uniformity of coloration, especially of the dorsal surface (fig. 1, Plate IX). At21mm. (fig. 2, Plates VIII and IX), the principal differences to be noted are those due to growth. Asa result the only change in color is a general paling, due to the widening of the spaces between the pigment spots. It is possible that this is just a little more conspicuous in the area between the mid-dorsal line and the first series of larval spots, beginning the most important change of the next stage. At 31 mm. (not figured), the pigment on the dorsal surface on either side of the mid-dorsal line begins to collect, forming nuclei for the future spots. In this first stage of analysis the mid-dorsal region retains its reticulated pigmentation. The 36.5 mm. larva (fig. 3, Plates @Jn formalin. 76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX_ VIL and IX) shows the same process; the migration of t pigment cells from the borders of the upper series of larval areas, destroying them as such, and merging them into the now lightly pigmented dorso-lateral areas. The pigment on the head shows a tendency to concentrate, making this part of the dorsal surface lighter. At this stage the ground color is clear yellow. The second and third series of larval areas, and the pigment spots of the legs and tail, maintain their pre- vious arrangement. When the larva is 48 mm. in length (Fig. 4, Plates VIII and IX), the lightness of the dorsal area is Pater most of the primary pig- ment reticulum having aggregated into the now distinct spots. The spots on top of the head are further intensified, reaching a stage of development in which they remain until or after transformation. The pigment-cells move away from areas on both the lower and upper parts of the tail at the base of the keel, marking the proportion of this that will be absorbed and forming for the tail dorso-lateral areas similar to those shown in the last stage on the dorsal surface of the body proper. The pigment blotches on the legs and on the side of tail, head, and body are more widely separated, but the lower two rows of larval areas remain intact. The ground color is possibly a shade more yel- lowish at this stage. The principal change in the next stage (51.7 mm., fig. 5, Plates VIil and [X) is the further development of the dorsal spots. They are probably as conspicuous in the specimens figured as they ever are before transformation. From the same figures it will be seen that all the other features are about the same as in the preceding stage and that the pattern of the legs and the second and third series of larval areas are in practically the same condition as in the 17.5 mm. larva. However the ventral fin of the tail has been absorbed and nearly all of the pigment-cells have migrated from the dorsal keel and are col- lected with the rest in a dense reticulation over the surface of what will be the adult tail. The cells remaining in the keel later form the few spots that exist on the mid-dorsal line of the tail in the adult. In all larvee 50 mm. or more in length the ground color has deepened and is noticeably vellow. : The changes in form of the body at transformation are much greater than those in its color, but the latter are important. In a specimen 55 mm. long representing the most recently transformed stage we have (Fig. 6, Plates VIII and IX) the ground color can scarcely have changed from that of the last stage, but the dorsal spots of both body and tail have attained the perfect size and definition. The color pattern of the head and legs remains about as in the last stage. Both the second and third series of pigmentless areas are breaking up, how- ever, anastomosing with each other and with the adjoining lighter No. 1443. CAVE SALAMANDERS—BANTA AND McATEE. Tih areas. The pigment forming the lower border of the first series and the upper margin of the second now collects into the most con- spicuous series of spots on the lateral surface. The pigment on the sides of the tail is also beginning to form spots. It is possible that stages of the various components of the color pattern presented by this specimen may be omitted by some at trans- formation, and on the other hand they may be prolonged, in other cases for some time afterward. Spelerpes bilineatus seems especially liable to such vagaries at transformation, and this suggests the possi- bility of a parallel case in the present species. However, the larva is undoubtedly intermediate in age between the preceding and succeed- ing examples making the color stage valid for our series if it is not for every one. The next stage (55.5 mm. fig. 7, Plates VIII and IX) is a typical newly-transformed cave salamander. The ground color is lemon yel- low, the spots are distinct with but few traces of the primitive pig- ment reticulation. The pigment on the legs is now for the first time collected in spots. The head is more plainly spotted, approaching nearly to the adult condition. The spotting on the sides of the tail is definite though not yet perfect, and of the series of immaculate lar- val areas only one, the second, is traceable. On each side of this series of clear areas the bands of pigment cells are collected into dense bars, which now break up to form two rows of spots, which are very conspicuous in the adult salamander. The third and lowest series of larval areas is no longer present. The nebulous pigment surround- ing them forms irregularly distributed blotches on the lower sides of the salamander and contributes many cells to the ventral area, which now becomes entirely, if sparsely, pigmented. In a salamander of this age, with the second series of larval areas almost intact, the original position of the three series of clear areas and the fate of their accompanying pigment masses is not difficult to trace. But in the fully grown adult, at first blush, it does not appear that the grouping of the blotches is the result of evena fairly definite system. The influence of their origin upon their arrangement becomes apparent at once, however, when compared with newly transformed specimens, such as the one just described. The scattered pigment cells at this stage are more abundant than in the full grown adult, and the pigment blotches less distinct. As the animal grows the scattered pigment collects more and more in the blotches, which grow larger and at the same time more dense. Stages in this aggregative process may be seen about the edges of the blotches on any adult. Approaching and newly united pigment cells form a fringe about most of them. Few other changes occur in the pigment beyond the stage just described (55.5 mm.). In many adults the chaining of blotches along 78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. the sides gives way to separate spots (Fig. 2, Plate X), but this is not an essential change as some specimens show a nearly continuous bar from back of the eye to the middle of the tail. The ground color, however, gradually deepens, becoming vermilion in highly colored specimens. . The development of the color pattern may be summed up as follows: Originally pigment cells are evenly distributed except for a ventral and three lateral series of pigmentless areas. In later development these acquire pigment by influx from adjoining parts thus causing a dilution of pigment. Otherwise the keynote of the entire process is concentration. The pigment of the head, legs, and tail moves little, simply crowd- ing together in blotches. The concentration of the pigment cells of the tail presents one notable feature, namely, that a few cells remain- ing in the keel are laid down as median spots when that portion is absorbed, forming the only noticeable group of so located spots on any part of the animal. The movements of pigment cells on the body proper are more com- plex. The spots on the dorsal surface are formed of pigment from the immediate vicinity and also from the border of the upper series of immaculate areas. The fact that the first spots originating here are lateral probably accounts for the scarcity of true median spots. ‘The large amount of pigment paralleling the second series of pigmentless areas on each side collects into the two series of distinct blotches on the side of the adult. The pigment of the third series forms many small scattered spots on the flanks of the adult and contributes to the pigmentation of the ventral area. While in the development of the pigment pattern there seems to be no increase in the number of cells, the change of the ground color from buff to orange and vermilion is accomplished wholly by the addition of coloring matter. MELANISTIC SPECIMENS. A point that arises in connection with the matter of the addition of pigment is whether the so-called melanistic specimens really have an extra amount of pigment, or whether their peculiar coloration may not be explained in another way. Dr. C. H. Eigenmann gives an account of two specimens of the cave salamander which have more than the usual proportion of the surface pigmented. In one from Rock House Cave, Missouri, there is a lateral streak ‘‘ broad enough to cover the sides with a mottled pattern.” Another specimen among twelve from Marble Cave, Missouri, is described at length: 4 The lower surface of the head is more densely pigmented than in the other speci- mens. The sides are more uniformly pigmented than in the melanistic individual from Rock House. The sides of the head, body, the arms, and anterior surface of No. 1443. | CAVE SALAMANDERS—BANTA AND McATEE. 79 the legs are uniformly pigmented, except a few small blotches or spots. The pig- mentation is not as intense as in the dorsal spots. The most striking deviation is found on the dorsal surface. The usual spots are present, rather smaller than in the other specimens. The intervening spaces are more densely covered with pigment cells than in the normal specimens, and in several places, notably the head, the nape, and one or two places on the back, the spots seem to have ‘‘run,’’ their closely com- pacted pigment cells having been distributed in a thinner coat over a wider area and form, with the similarly distributed pigment of other spots, diffuse, evenly pig- mented blotches. In life the specimen suggested that the inhibitory force which kept these color cells from spreading, or the positive tropism which kept them together, was dissolved and the cells scattered evenly in a single layer over the sur- rounding region., The centers of distribution are still distinguishable as darker areas at the margin of or in the blotches. The ‘“‘ centers of distribution” are more probably the original spots where the collection of pigment began. In fact all points in con- Fic, 2.—MELANISTIC SPELERPES MACULICAUDUS. (DORSAL VIEW.) nection with these specimens suggest that they represent, not modified adult stages but inhibited larval conditions. |The lateral color pattern of the Marble Cave specimen, as shown by the figure (fig. 3), could be easily produced by the cessation of pigment aggregation at the stage represented by fig. 5, Plates VIII and LX (51.7 mm.), plus the uniform distribution of isolated pigment cells over the clear lateral areas, which process always occurs in the ordinary adult. On the dorsal surface there are not many spots, indicating that a few of the earliest centers attracted all the pigment. The diffuse condition of these blotches and Fic. 3.—MELANISTIC SPELERPES MACULICAUDUS. (LATERAL VIEW.) the connection of many of them with the lateral pigment band is a further indication of the cessation of concentration at some larval stage. The Rock House Cave specimen with its mottled pattern on the sides is probably almost a copy, as far as coloration goes, of the larval stage to which we have just referred. IDENTIFICATION OF LARV &. Now that we have considered in detail the color pattern of the larvee of Spelerpes maculicaudus, and have many characters to identify them as such, it will be of interest to know how they may be distinguished from larve of other species with which they may be associated. Spelerpes larvee may be easily separated from those of Amblystoma by their more slender form. The latter always have broad heads, > 80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, their general appearance in the water suggesting a small catfish. Larve of Diemyctylus are maculate at an early age, have a dark line through the eye, and when of fair size show the red lateral spots, all of which characters the larve of the cave salamander lack. In one larva of the newt examined, the upper series of larval areas is 6 in number, the middle, 12, and the lower series obsolete. Desmognathus - larvee are characterized by an upper series of 10 to 11 large ciear areas which are distinctly dorsal in position and run together on the tail. (The number given includes only those anterior to the point of union.) As this series of areas is distinctly lateral in maculicaudus, the separation of the larve of these two species will not be difficult. In the genus Spelerpes itself, the differentiation is as easy in the case of the species we have studied. Not a sufficient number of longicaudus larvee have been seen to warrant a definition. This is particularly unfortunate, as there is no doubt that it is most closely related to the present species. In one large larva of longicaudus the upper series of clear areas had disappeared, the middle one had about 16 to 18 spots, and the lowest series 12. If these numbers are constant they furnish a means of distinguishing these nearly related larve. In larve of longicaudus that have attained fair size the vertical bars on the tail are ° apparent, thus making this character available for identifying larvee as well as adults. Only large larvee of guttolineatus have been seen. These are con- spicuously marked. In the upper series of clear areas there are four, and the middle and lower series form continuous light bands on the sides of the animal. The belly is longitudinally striped, this character serving to separate these larvee from any others of the genus here considered. The young larvee of 47//neatus have the upper series of larval areas very conspicuous and the lower two series not evident. The upper of these is developed to some extent later. Also dé/ineatus larvee have the dorsal area light in very early as well as later stages, and there are never as many nor as prominent blotches on it as in sacul/- caudus. Spelerpes ruber is easily distinguished in all stages. The older larvee are, up to the time of transformation, almost uniformly vermiculated with pigment, while the young larve, in addition to practical uniformity of color, have a decided character in the great number of areas in the middle series, namely, 28. These resemble the stitching of a sewing machine, so close together are they, and appear as a finely dotted line on the side of the larve. In this series it will be remembered maculicaudus has only 13 to 15. These series of immaculate areas on the side of the larval salamanders seem to form a good character for the determination of species. Therefore we offer tentatively a table embodying the results of the study of a few species as a further aid in distinguishing the larye of the cave salamander, No, 1443. Tabulation of the immaculate areas on the sides of larval salamanders. Name. Upper row. | Middle row. | Lower row. Spelerpes maculicaudus .......-------- 10 | 13-16, | 7-13 Beererpes Uilinedius... 2.2.5... 2----2-- 14) @indistinct. indistinct. LE ee ae 13 28 do. Spelerpes longicaudus......--.-------- >bunknown. 16-18 | ie Bperenpes guilolineatus.....2.-..-.---- ¢4 | continuous. continuous. Diemyciylus viridescens .......-------- a6 | 12 | indistinct. MUENIMOOMGUNUS FUSCUS —.-- ==. 2-----2- 10-11 al 10 Eamblystoma opacum .....------------ 5 g) | 12 a See notes above. b Only 1 large larva at hand. ¢ Only large larvee seen. dad Only one specimen examined. Using the table in connection with the remarks above there should be no difficulty in separating the species treated. SYNOPSIS OF THE PRINTED RECORDS OF THE OCCURRENCE OF SPELERPES MACULICAUDUS. Indiana: Brookville, Franklin County. Northeastern Franklin County. Decatur County. Westport, Decatur County. Monroe County. Bloomington, Monroe County. May’s Cave. Vincennes, Knox County. Indian Springs, Martin County. Porter’s Cave, Owen County. Donnehue’s Cave, Lawrence County. Donnelson’s Cave, Lawrence County. Kern’s Cave, Lawrence County. Clifty Cave, Washington County. Wyandotte Cave, Crawford County. Little Wyandotte Cave, Crawford County. Small cave near Wyandotte, Crawford County. Marengo Cave, Crawford County. Saltpeter Cave, Crawford County. Sibert’s Well Cave, Crawford County. Missouri: Barry County. Rockhouse Cave. Wilson’s Cave. Marble Cave. Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——6 = 82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, ADDITIONAL RECORDS. Besides the stations given above, the following localities are repre- sented by specimens in the United States National Museum: Barger’s Spring, near Hinton, West Virginia; Union County and Winehouse Cave, Tennessee; Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, and Jefferson County, Missouri. The following localities may now be added to the Indiana list: Mayfield’s and Truitt’s caves, Stony and Leonard’s springs and Griffey Creek, Monroe County; and Twin Caves, Lawrence County. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Buarcuiey, W. S., Indiana caves and their fauna. Ann. Rep. Dept. Geol. Ind., 1896 (1897), pp. 121-212, pls. rv—x11, figs. Habits and distribution. Burier, A. W., Contributions to Indiana Herpetology, No.3. Journ. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIV, 1891-2, pp. 169-179. Sums up existing knowledge of the species. Corr, FE. D., On a new species of Salamander from Indiana. Am. Nat., XXIV, 1890, pp. 966-7, figs. (Gyrinophilus maculicaudus. ) Geographical Distribution, pp. 1199-1234 in The Crocodilians, Lizards, and Snakes of North America. Ann. Rep. Smith. Inst., 1898 (1900), 1294 pp., 36 pls., figs. The portion on distribution includes batrachia. EIGENMANN, C. H., Degeneration in the eyes of the cold-blooded vertebrates of the North American caves. Proc. Ind. Ac. Sci., 1899 (1900), pp. 31-46. - Degeneration in the eyes of the cold-blooded vertebrates of the North Amer- ican caves. Science, N. 8., XL, 1900, pp. 492-503. A reprint of the above. The Blind Fishes of North America. Pop. Sci. Mo., LVI, 1899-1900, pp. 473-486, figs. Refers to and figures S. maculicaudus. The eyes of the blind vertebrates of North America, II]. The eyes of Typhlomolge rathbuni Stejneger. Trans. Am. Micr. Soc., X XI, 1899, pp. 49-56, pls. ntand tv. Refers to S. maculicaudus and figures the eye. Description of a new cave salamander, Spelerpes stejnegeri, from the caves of southwestern Missouri. Trans. Am. Micr. Soc., XXII, 1901, pp. 189-192, pls. xxvu-xxvur. Refers to and figures S. maculicaudus. EIGENMANN, C. H., and Kennepy, C., Variation notes. Biol. Bull., IV, 5, April, 1903, pp. 227-30, figs. Description and figures of a melanistic S. maculicaudus. The figures are reprinted on page 131 of ‘‘ Indiana University, 1820-1904.’ Roy. 8vo. Bloomington, Ind., 1904. GAINES, ANGus. Batrachia of Vincennes, Indiana. Am. Nat., X XIX, 1895, pp. 53-6. Hay, O. P., Note on Gyrinophilus maculicaudus Cope. Am. Nat., XX V, 1891, pp. 1133-5. Points out inapplicability of Gyrinophilus. Spelerpes must be substituted. The Batrachians and Reptiles of the State of Indiana. Ann. Rep. Dept. Geol. Ind., 1891, pp. 409-602, pls. 1-111. Habits and distribution. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. eer winy SYM Spelerpes maculicaudus (Cope). Fig. 1. Larva, 17.5 mm. long x 4. Lateral view. 2. Larva, 21 mm. long x 4. Lateral view. 3. Larva, 36.5 mm. long x 2. Lateral view. 4. Larva, 48 mm. long x 2. Lateral view. 5. Larva, 51.7 mm. long x 2. Lateral view. 6. Young adult, 55 mm. long x 2. Lateral view. 7. Young adult, 55.5 mm. long x 2. Lateral view. 1 4 4 No. 1443. CAVE SALAMANDERS—BANTA AND McATEE. 3 Big. 1. . Half-grown adult, 88 mm. long x 2. Lateral view. STD Ove CoN PLATE IX. Spelerpes maculicaudus (Cope). — . Larva, 17.5 mm. long x 4. Dorsal view. . Larva, 21 mm. long x 4. Dorsal view. . Larva, 36.5 mm. long x 2. Dorsal view. Larva, 48 mm. long x 2. Dorsal view. . Larva, 51.7 mm. long x 2. Dorsal view. . Young adult, 55 mm. long x 2. Dorsal view. . Young adult, 55.5 mm. long x 2. Dorsal view. PuaTEe X. Spelerpes maculicaudus (Cope). Half-grown adult, 88 mm. long x 2. Dorsal view. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. VIII LARV4 AND YOUNG ADULTS OF SPELERPES MACULICAUDUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 82. onthe Set a PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. Ix LARVA AND YOUNG ADULTS OF SPELERPES MACULICAUDUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 83. a | >. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. X ADULT OF SPELERPES MACULICAUDUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 88. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS. By Wiiuiam ScHaus, Of Twickenham, England. The following paper is a continuation of one presented by me in these Proceedings, X XIX, 1905, pp. 179-345. (No. 1420.) One hun- ‘dred and fifty-one species are described here. Family CITHERONIID. Genus ARSENURA Dunean. ARSENURA BIUNDULATA, new species. Body brown. Primaries: the costal margin dull gray, irrorate on basal third with dark brown; cell and beyond to postmedial line buff, irrorate with black and brown; a broad blackish-brown streak on dis- cocellular; antemedial line inwardly oblique from subcostal to median, then outwardly curved, blackish brown, inwardly shaded with buff; below cell to inner margin brown, also between postmedial and sub- terminal lines; the postmedial reddish, slightly incurved below vein 2; the subterminal whitish, inwardly edged with black, forming a deep outward curve at vein 7 and outward curves above and below vein 3, followed by a black shade irrorated with pale-blue scales, forming projecting markings above and below vein 5, and partly followed by whitish from below vein 4 to inner margin; the black shades are inter- rupted from vein 6 to below costa, where there is a large black spot, and replaced by a gray shade edged with white lines; some dark-red shades above and below vein 6; apex roseate; outer margin otherwise dull olivaceous brown. Secondaries: basal half light brown, with very long scales partly dark brown; outer part to subterminal clear dark brown; the subterminal white, slightly angled above and below vein 3, followed by a brown shade; a black shade outwardly toothed and irrorate with pale-blue scales; outer margin light brown, with thick dark-brown Junular spot. Underneath grayish buff, irrorated PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No. 1444. 86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. WOU y KKex, with brown; dark streaks on the discocellulars; a dark-brown outer line; the postmedial more buff-white, with only traces of black shades. Expanse.—150 mm. FHabitat.—Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Some males are smaller than the type specimen, and the female is considerably larger. Type.—Cat. No. 9451, U.S.N.M. ARSENURA DRUCEI, new species. Body brown, the thorax tinged with gray. Primaries: costa to postmedial line dark gray, thinly irrorated with black; a grayish buff shade below subcostal also irrorate with black; otherwise brown, more reddish brown between postmedial and subterminal; inner margin grayish brown; a vague dark-gray streak on discocellular; postmedial dark brown, slightly wavy, fine, black, outcurved at vein 7, then finely wavy, followed by white between veins 4 and 5 and by smaller white spots at veins 3, 2, and below vein 2; from below vein 4 an irregular blackish shade to inner margin, crossed by a bluish-white line; a broad lilacine gray space from vein 6 to costal margin, outwardly indentate at vein 7 and edged by a fine white line, terminating in a small black spot on costa, partly followed by a reddish shade. Sec- ondaries grayish brown to outer line, then dark brown to subterminal, which is whitish, finely wavy, and followed by a blackish line, thick- ening between the veins. Underneath lilacine buff, irrorated with black; black spots on discocellulars; a fine dark-brown outer line; the postmedial lunular, wavy, consisting of a geminate line of lilacine scales, the outer margins olive brown without irrorations. Expanse.—Female, 145 mm. Habitat. —Chiriqui, Panama. This species is figured” as the female of C. arcaei Druce, of which I have both sexes. The two species are quite different underneath. Type.—Cat. No. 9452, U.S.N.M. ARSENURA THOMSONI, new species. Body buff, the thorax tinged with grayish brown. Primaries, light brown, strongly shaded with gray at base and above median and vein 2 to near the outer line, this grayish portion irrorated with black; faint traces of an antemedial brownish line; discocellular edged with brown; the outer line fine, blackish brown, nearly straight from vein 6 to inner margin, outwardly shaded with white between veins 4 and 5 and between 2 and submedian, otherwise followed by large patches of iridescent steel-gray; above vein 6 the line continues straight to costa as a grayish shade, followed by a lilacine gray space outwardly edged by a fine white line, deeply indentate on vein 7, and by black points @ Biologia Centrali-Americana, pl. xrx, fig. 3. No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 87 at vein 8 and white lines above and below vein 8 from this point to apex; a reddish brown streak from below vein 6 to outer margin at vein 7. Secondaries, pale brown; the long hairs on basal portion tinged with gray; a darker brown postmedial shade followed by a blackish gray shade; a subterminal iridescent steel-gray shade, out- wardly lunular, and crossed by a vague paler line. The wing is much prolonged below vein 5. Underneath pale gray, thinly irrorated witla blackish striae; dark brown streaks on discucellulars; some marginal lunular whitish shades, followed on secondaries by paired pale reddish brown streaks at veins; a dark gray outer shade on primaries. Expanse.—Male, 152 mm. Habitat.—Omai, British Guiana. Named after Mr. S. A. Thomson, to whom I am indebted for this fine species. Type.—Cat. No. 9453, U.S.N.M. ARSENURA SAMBA, new species. Primaries: outer margin strongly crenulate, produced at vein 6; dark brown, whitish violaceus washed to terminal fourth; darker at base with a different obsolete line and white hair on inner margin sub- bassally; inner line straight, dark, diffused, faintly edged with whitish inwardly; a mesial line slightly curved, crossing end of cell and touch- ing outer line at submedian fold; outer line from costa at outer third, with a diffuse white costal blotch before and after its inception, dark, at vein 4, joining the dark marginal shade and thence forming its inner border, separated below by a few white scales. Secondaries: outer margin produced into a long tail; dark brown, a faint darker straight mesial band with a few scattered, gray scales beyond; inner half of wing toward base densely haired. Below dark brown, a large patch of brownish white on margin at end of vein7 and a smaller one below vein 6, both irrorated with brown. Expanse.—100 mm. Habitat.—Omai, British Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 9454, U.S.N.M. Genus AUTOMERIS Hubner. AUTOMERIS MERIDANA, new species. Head and thorax pale olivaceous brown. Abdomen crimson aboye, underneath and anal hairs buff-brown. » Primaries pale buff-brown irrorate with olivaceous scales; antemedial line wavy, ocherous; a quad- rate dark gray space at end of cell, with a few black points on its edge; an outer blackish line from costa near apex to inner margin be- yond middle, inwardly edged with ocherous below vein 6. Secondaries: the costal and outer margins buff-gray; inner margin broadly reddish; otherwise deep yellow to the black outer line, which is finely wavy; 88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOLAKIKe the ocellus dark brown, edged with black and containing a white spot; the black outer line followed by a broad violaceous brown shade. Underneath brownish buff. Primaries: a large black spot at end of cell containing a white spot; an outer dentate blackish shade. Second- aries: a white point on discocellular. Expanse.—Male, 60 mm. fHabitat.—Merida, Venezuela. Type.—Cat. No. 9455, U.S.N.M. AUTOMERIS VOMONA, new species. Male.—Head and thorax light brown. Abdomen black above with transverse reddish lines posteriorly on the segments. Primaries pale pinkish brown; antemedial line very indistinct and irregular; the outer line slightly sinuous from costa close to apex to middle of inner mar- gin, dark gray-brown, inwardly edged with ocherous; a reddish-brown space at end of cell surrounded by a few black points. Secondaries pale yellow; the costal and outer margins roseate brown; the base and inner margin broadly red; the ocellus dark brown, broadly edged with black and containing a white spot; the yellow space limited by a black evenly-curved line, followed by a subterminal reddish shade. Female.—The primaries are: bright reddish brown, the outer line broadly edged inwardly with white. Expanse.—Male, 71 mm.; female, 90 mm. Habitat.—Merida, Venezuela. Type.—Cat. No. 9456, U.S.N.M. AUTOMERIS ANNULATA, new species. Male.—Body above dark olive brown, the abdomen with whitish transverse lines posteriorly. Primaries olivaceous brown to outer line, then buff-gray; a fine brown antemedial line, oblique from costa to median, then wavy to inner margin; a dark annular line at end of cell, and a dark point within it; the outer line dark brown, from apex to middle of inner margin. Secondaries: the costal and outer margins broadly gray; the inner margin broadly olive brown; discal space bright yellow, limited by a slightly wavy black line; a broad subter- minal brown shade; the ocellus blackish brown, broadly circled with black, and containing a few white scales. Underneath buff-gray; a- large black spot with white center on primaries. EHxpanse.—T4 mm. Habitat.—Omai, British Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 9457, U.S.N.M. AUTOMERIS INNOXIA, new species. Head and thorax dark brown. Abdomen light brown, violaceous red subdorsally. Primaries dark brown, tinged with roseate on outer margin; antemedial line fine, black, wavy; some white atoms at base; No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHAUS. 89 a large darker space at end of cell, indistinctly outlined with black and containing a minute gray point; postmedial line fine, dark, nearly straight from costa at 9 mm. from apex to inner margin. Secondaries violaceous red; the outer margin roseate brown; the ocellus very large, blackish brown, crossed by a white line and broadly circled with black, then narrowly with yellow; it interrupts a black outer line. Underneath light brown. Primaries: the inner margin violace- ous red; a very large black spot at end of cell containing a white spot; a minute white spot on discocellular of secondaries. Expanse.—T7 mm. Habitat. —Omai, British Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 9458, U.S.N.M. AUTOMERIS POMIFERA, new species. Head and thorax brown. Abdomen reddish above, light brown underneath. Primaries brown; some white at base; antemedial line fine, black, very slightly wavy; the dark space at end of cell oval, finely edged with black and containing a white point; postmedial line fine, black, from costa at 7 mm. from apex; a very indistinct darker subterminal shade. Secondaries: the costa, base, inner margin, and subterminal shade reddish; the outer margin light brown; the discal area bright yellow, limited by a black outer line; the ocellus dark brown broadly circled with black, and containing a cluster of black scales crossed by a white line. Expanse.—7T2 mm. Habitat.—Carabaya, Peru. Type.—Cat. No. 9459, U.S.N.M. AUTOMERIS JUCUNDOIDES, new species. Head and thorax reddish brown. Abdomen brownish yellow, shaded with pale reddish brown subdorsally at base. Primaries: basal space pale reddish brown; some lilacine at base; median space pale lilacine brown; a blackish space at end of cell; postmedial line fine, pale reddish brown from costa near apex; outer margin light ocherous brown, witha paler subterminal shade. Secondaries pale reddish; the ocellus large, light brown circled with black and then with yellow, containing a few white and gray scales, outer line short. Underneath pale reddish brown, a darker outer line; a large black spot on pri- maries containing a white point; a minute white and gray spot on secondaries. Expanse.—63 mm. Hlabitat.—St. Laurent, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No.*9460, U.S.N.M. 90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. AUTOMERIS HAMATA, new species. Head and thorax dark reddish brown. Abdomen reddish. Prima- ries ocherous brown in the male, lilacine brown in the female; apices produced and falcate in the male, Jess so in the female; line dark brown; antemedial line straight to median, inwardly angled at vein 2, then outwardly oblique to middle of inner margin; the medial space slightly darker; a dark streak on discocellular encircled by an irregu- lar dark line; the postmedial from costa at about 9 mm. from apex, then slightly incurved to inner margin, heavily irrorate inwardly with white above vein 6; a paler lunular subterminal shade. Secondaries pale reddish; the outer margin light brown; the ocellus pale lilacine brown, circled with black and containing a small cluster of black and white scales; the outer line fine, wavy, black edged with yellow, broadly in the male, also outwardly in the female. Expanse.—Male, 75 mm.; female, 85 mm. Habitat.—Costa Rica and Venezuela. Type.—Cat. No. 9461, U.S.N.M. AUTOMERIS MORESCA, new species. Male.—Head and thorax dark brown. Abdomen light reddish. Pri- maries lilacine brown, shaded with buff beyond cell and on outer mar- gin; an irregular darker space at end of cell, edged with dark points; a subterminal dark line, inwardly edged with buff, from costa near apex to inner margin nearangle. Secondaries light reddish, the outer margin lilacine brown, the ocellus large, gray-brown, containing a black spot irrorated with white and crossed by a white line, broadly circled with black; the outer line fine, black, slightly wavy, inwardly shaded with yellow, and followed by a reddish-brown shade. Expanse.—78 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 9462, U.S.N.M. AUTOMERIS PARILIS, new species. Male.—Head and thorax dark brown. Abdomen reddish. Prima- ries brownish buff, the lines dark, medially edged with yellow; the antemedial slightly oblique and wavy; a large dark gray space at end of cell, with a few minute black points on its edge; the postmedial from costa at 5mm. fromapex; a pale reddish-brown shade from costa at two- thirds from base to postmedial line at vein 4; a subterminal yellowish- buff shade parallel to postmedial from apex to vein 4, then forming two outward curves to vein 2; beyond this the outer margin is paler. Secondaries pale reddish, the outer margin buff-gray; the ocellus grayish brown, broadly circled with black and containing a round black spot crossed by a white line; the outer line black, slightly wavy, No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 91 followed by a violaceous shade. Underneath light brown; a dark outer line; a large black spot on primaries, containing some gray seales; a large white point on secondaries. Expanse.—90 mim. Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. A female from Trinidad, evidently belonging to this species, has the primaries and outer margin of secondaries lilacine browa. The species is allied to A. cllustris Walker. Type.—Cat. No. 9463, U.S.N.M. AUTOMERIS ORODINA, new species. Head and thorax greenish buff. Abdomen yellow with narrow trans- verse black bands. Primaries green-buff, the lines fine, blackish; the antemedial straight from costa at 6 mm. from apex; a subterminal grayish shade. Secondaries yellow, the ocellus red, circled with black and containing a pink center, followed by a black band and broad subterminal black band. Expanse.—51 mm. Habitat.—Paraguay. This species is very much like A. orodes Boisduval, but the outer margin of primaries is quite straight. Type.—Cat. No. 9464, U.S.N.M. AUTOMERIS CURVILINEA, new species. Head and thorax blackish brown. Abdomen above rufous brown, with transverse black bands; underneath dull brown. Male.—Primaries grayish brown, more distinctly brown between postmedial and subterminal; antemedial line black, straight; a clearer brown space at end of cell, with large black spot above and below it: postmedial fine black from costa near apex, forming a deep inward curve to inner margin; a dark brown subterminal shade nearly straight. Secondaries rufous brown; the outer margin gray-brown: the ocellus large, dull brown, broadly circled with black, and contain- ing a few black and white scales, followed by a black line and a nar- row brown shade. Expanse.—T2 mm. FHabitat.—Rio Cocolado, Peru. Female grayer in tone; the secondaries dark gray, with a few ocher- ous hairs at base. Expanse.—115 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 9465, U.S.N.M. 99 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. . - Genus PHRICODIA Hubner. PHRICODIA BAROMA, new species. Male.—Primaries brown buff, incompletely shaded in blackish, ter- minated in intravenular rounded arcs at position of subterminal line; a round black discal dot faintly outlined in gray; base red brown, lim- ited by an outwardly oblique white line. Secondaries reddish to the disk, margin buff brown; basal hairs brighter red; discal dot and curved mesial line dark brown, followed by a pinkish space and a broad dark-brown outer band. Underneath the primaries have a mesial whitish shade and dark subterminal band, both faint; secondaries similarly marked, more distinctly. Female.—Primaries with distinct inner and outer lines, dark brown, the former angled subcostally, edged on one side with whitish; discal dot brown, faint. Secondaries paler red than the male, the bands dif- fused and moved nearer the outer margin. Abdomen ochraceous brown with black segmental bands and long white hairs. Expanse.—Male, 90 mm.; female, 115 mm. Habitat.— Type.—Cat. No. 9466, U.S.N.M. The specimens were received from Staudinger as ‘* Dirphia calchas Stoll.” Genus COPAXA Walker. COPAXA RUFINANS, new species. Head brown. Collar gray; thorax reddish. Abdomen light brown. Primaries costa gray for over one-half from base; from base to beyond cell the wing is reddish, darkest in cell and above it; a curved black antemedial line in cell, and an oblique black line below it, angled on submedian; apical space and at inner angle dull brown; some lilacine on costa at apex; the outer line dark brown from vein 7 near margin to near middle of inner margin, preceded below vein 3 by a fine lunular dark line; outer margin broadly lilacine; a fine hyaline streak at end of cell edged with black and yellow. Secondaries dull brown; a straight black antemedial line; a spot at end of cell as on fore wings; a broad postmedial reddish shade followed by dentate black line, and then by a narrow reddish shade; the outer margin shaded with reddish. vpanse.—108 mm. Habitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 9467, U.S.N.M. COPAXA MARONA, new species. Head dark brown. Collar gray; thorax and abdomen dark fawn. Wings grayish fawn. Primaries: costa gray to beyond middle; cell light reddish brown crossed by a black line; an antemedial black line | No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHAUS. 93 below cell; base of median vein black; a black line from costa to cell spot, which is large, hyaline, edged by a geminate black line; a black line from vein 7 at outer margin to beyond middle of inner margin, preceded below vein 6 by a lunular black line; outer margin tinged with gray. Secondaries: a black antemedial line; cell spot as on primaries followed by a narrow reddish brown shade, and then by black streaks on the veins connected by a fine, black, irregular line; a submarginal black line. Expanse.—97 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 9468, U.S.N.M. COPAXA LINEATA, new species. Body pinkish fawn color. Wings roseate brown, irrorated with blackish striz; discocellular, veins from cell and submedian dark brown; a straight postmedial brown line; a subterminal fine brown line; an oblique brown line from costa near base to middle of inner margin; a whitish shade at apex. Secondaries similarly marked, the veins, a straight mesial line and a curved submarginal line dark brown. EHxpanse.—107 mm. FHlabitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 9469, U.S.N.M. Genus HYLESIA Hubner. HYLESIA TERRANEA, new species. Female.—Uniformly dark brown, unmarked; wings slightly trans- lucent; faint traces of a darker discal mark; abdomen with dark yellow tuftings at the sides. Expanse.—53 mm. Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9470, U.S.N.M. Family LYMANTRIIDZ. Genus CAVIRIA Walker. CAVIRIA VESTALIS, new species. Body white; palpi laterally streaked with black. Primaries white, silvery, but not so brilliant as in C. regina Cramer, with three duller white shades inwardly oblique from costa. Secondaries white. Anten- nx pale straw color. — Hxpanse.—30 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 9471, U.S.N.M. Allied to C. substrigosa Walker. 94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. Genus ELORIA Walker. ELORIA CUBANA, new species. Antenne brownish yellow; body and wings white, thinly scaled. Expanse.—35 mm. Habitat.—Baracoa, Cuba. Type.—Cat. No. 9472, U.S.N.M. ELORIA AROENSIS, new species. Antenne dark gray. Body and wings white. Primaries: the costa very finely dark gray; the apical area smoky gray. Underneath the apex broadly light brown. Expanse.—87 mm. Habitat.—Aroa, Venezuela. Type.—Cat. No. 94738, U.S.N.M. ELORIA SERENA, new species. Head and collar pale yellow. Antenne dark grey; thorax and abdo- men white. Legs streaked with black and grey; wings white. Pri- maries: the costa black; the fringe above vein 4 greyish; the apex slightly greyish. Underneath the apex is blackish grey, the veins darker. Expanse.—37 mm. Habitat.—Rockstone, British Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 9474, U.S.N.M. Allied to 4. grandis Druce. Genus DOA Neumoegen and Dyar. DOA ? CUBANA, new species. Body pale grey; antenne and legsdarker grey. Primaries whitish, thinly scaled; a broad median pale grey shade; the outer margin grey; a pale grey postmedial shade from vein 5 to inner margin; two black points at end of cell followed from there to costa by a dark grey shade, widest on costa. Secondaries pale smoky grey. Expanse.—35 mm. Flabitat.—Matanzas, Cuba. Type.—Cat. No. 9475, U.S.N.M. Genus MANTRUDA, new genus. Antenne pectinated on basal half, tip serrate; palpi upturned to middle of front; legs densely hairy. Primaries rather squarely tri- angular; vein 5 arising near 4, 6, and 7 stalked, 8 absent, 9, 10, 11 from cell. Hind wings with the costa with an irregular lobe outwardly; vein 5 near the lower angle of cell, 6 and 7 from a point, 8 anastomos- ing at base, bent out into the costal lobe. No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 95 MANTRUDA ERRATICA, new species. Thorax dark brown; antennz strongly bipectinate, the tips serrate. Primaries dark brown, sericeous, with faint traces of darker lines. Secondaries with the costal margin expanded in two lobes, the outer one larger; asmall projection between veins 6 and 7; costa dark brown; disk white; inner and outer margins pale brown. Legs brown, the middle tibize especially dark. Abdomen pale brown. Hupanse.—28 mm. Habitat.—Aroa, Venezuela. Type.—Cat. No. 8283, U.S.N.M. Genus PHECADA Walker. PHECADA JOANNA, new species. Antennz bipectinate to the tips, the shaft white, pectinations pale testaceous. Primaries sericeous sordid grey; medial space all over- spread with violaceous brown between the arcuate inner and crenulate outer lines, except about end of cell and in center of space below and above vein 1; a faint dark shade along margin above, terminating obliquely to apex. Hind wing similar, the median dark band narrow and less distinct. Below twocommon dark crenulate approximate lines and faint discal dots. Expanse.—50 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 8284, U.S.N.M. Family EUPTEROTID4. Genus CARTHARA Walker. CARTHARA ROSEILINEA, new species. Primaries dark olive brown, the costa pale carneous shaded, espe- pecially subapically; a violaceous ray along median vein, furcate on veins 3 and 4 to margin, inclosing a pale space; inner line pale, faint; outer line near the margin, excurved parallel to the bent margin, distinct, whitish, narrow above, obscure below; a minute black discal dot; a marginal violaceous shade, obsolete below. Secondaries violaceous brown, paler on costa edge; outer line pale, dark within, bent in the middle; blackish superposed bars on innermargin. Collar dark brown; body violaceous shaded. Below, costa and inner margin broadly yel- lowish carneous; secondaries dark brown; a white discal dot; outer line more distinct than above, white near angle, cutting a black patch, which is the continuation of a faint narrow black inner mesial line. Expanse.—32 mm. Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 8285, U.S.N.M. 96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. CARTHARA UMBRATA, new species. Male.—Primaries sordid ocherous in ground but overlaid with red- brown and olivaceous. Base washed with red-brown; inner. line whitish, lilaceous shaded, dentate on median vein, followed by a broad dark-brown olivaceous shaded band; median space of the pale ground color, washed with lilaceous centrally; outer line fine, pale, waved in ares between the veins, preceded by a broad dark band like'the inner one, followed above vein 4 by an clivaceous brown band, incised on its outer edge above vein 4, squarely terminated; veins 3°to 6 narrowly light yellow; two small superposed dark discal dots; fringe dark red in the subapical excavation. Secondaries ocherous, washed with dark red in patches; mesial lines two, approximate, parallel, slightly flexuous; fringe dark red; inner margin dark red with brown and whitish bars, not strongly relieved.. Below dark red-brown; outer margin of pri- maries violaceous, inner broadly pale yellow; two dark wavy mesial lines on both wings; a discal bar on secondaries, the anal angle broadly dark shaded, the shade cut in two pale ares by the outer line. Female.—Uarger, less brightly colored; the outer of the dark bands of primaries is obsolete below vein 4, but its edges persist as waved dark lines. Secondaries overspread with brown. — Expanse.—Male, 35 mm., female, 48 mm. Habitat.—Chiriqui, Panama. Type.—Cat. No. 8286, U.S.N.M. Family DIOPTID. Genus LAURON Walker. LAURON ALBIPLAGA, new species. Black, with a blue reflection; patagia orange red; a large rounded white subapical spot on primaries, not attaining costa or margin. A broad subyentral white band on abdomen. Hxpanse.—36 mm. Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 8287, U.S.N.M. Family NOCTUID. Genus ERIOPYGA Guenée. ERIOPYGA GRISEIRENA, new species. Antenne serrate and fasiculate. Primaries red-brown, vinous shaded, lighter in basal and outer median spaces; lines clouded, obseure, the subterminal the most distinct, twice arcuate, limiting the destinctly darker terminal space; reniform large, powdery whitish gray filled, dark below, obscurely limited; other spots obsolete. Hind a No, 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. oT wings subpellucid, veins dark, costa, median interspaces and fringe vinous tinted. Below vinous tinted outwardly; an outer dark band on primaries and costal half of secondaries. Expanse.—41 mm. LHabitat.— Type.—Cat. No. 9516, U.S.N.M. Genus XYLINISSA Hampson. XYLINISSA LIGNITIS, new species. Antenne moderately pectinated on basal half, the tips simple. Primaries dark ashen, the median space below stigmata darkened. Orbicular large, oblong, as large as the reniform, both of the ground color, indistinctly outlined in black; lines obsolete; a subterminal row of short black venular dashes; terminal space narrowly dark, limited by a faint pale line within, roundedly incised at vein 3; a black spot in submedian interspace edging an intensification of the subterminal line. Secondaries white, subpellucid, the veins black lined; fringe white. Expanse.—32 mm. Habitat.—Bogota, Colombia. Type.—Cat. No. 9517, U.S.N.M. Genus EUDIPNA Walker. EUDIPNA TEMPLADA, new species. Antenne serrate and ciliate. Primaries brown-grey, finely irrorated over a lighter ground, which appears irregularly. Lines single, finely waved, black, pale edged without, the black part obsolete below sub- median vein; claviform orbicular and reniform concolorous, narrowly dark outlined, the reniform with small white specks without; subter- minal line irregular, wavy, broken, narrowly pale, inclining to be divided into spots; a diffuse white subapical shade; a black patch helow it between veins 4 and 5; a terminal black line and venular white points. Secondaries blackish brown with white specks before the margin mesially; fringe apically pale, spotted with brown mesially; a terminal broken black line. Below light brownish, brown irrorate; two common dark brown mesial lines inclosing the discal dots, those of fore wings marked with black on costa and with four costo-apical white dots, of hind wing, widely excurved mesially, the outer produced crenulate between the veins. Expanse.—40 mm. Habitat.—Oaxaca, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No.*9518, U.S.N.M. Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——7 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. le) CO Genus NA-NIA Stephens. NAENIA RANDA, new species. Grey-brown; primaries mottled and specked in pale ocherous; lines obsolete, dotted, lost in the general uneven surface; orbicular and reniform traceable, large, the reniform with more conspicuous pale included dot; transverse posterior line punctiform, subterminal of larger pale cusps; a large deep black irregularly quadrangular blotch in median space between vein 1 and median and between transverse anterior and posterior lines. Secondaries whitish at base, outer two- fifths dark gray brown, preceded by a dark outer mesial line; some black and white specks on fold at vein 2; fringe pale above, black lined near angle. Below pale, primaries largely dark powdered; two wavy outer lines and discal spots brown-gray, the submarginal line broad. EHxpanse.—30 mm. Habitat.—Trinidad, British West Indies. Type.—No. 9519, U.S.N.M. A female from St. Jean, French Guiana, has the secondaries all dark and a blue patch on inner margin near base. NAENIA SABRELLA, new species. Warm, pinkish brown; basal line geminate, black, crenulate, filled by the warm ground color; transverse anterior and posterior lines similar, tending to be broken into lunules, the black edge next median space heavier in both; median space above vein 1 filled in with smoky brown, relieving the large orbicular and reniform, which are of the ground color, obscurely paler ringed; a wavy black mesial line from the reniform downward; a small spot below orbicular; terminal and subterminal spaces checkered, the subterminal line irregular wavy, of the ground color; a row of terminal black points preceded by little pale specks. Hind wing blackish brown; a faint narrow outer pale line with black speck above anal angle; fringe pale ocherous pinkish. Below primaries blackish except the pale discal mark and two bands near the margin. Secondaries powdered black; inner line, discal dot, outer crenulate line and submarginal band, all black. Expanse.—36 mm. fHabitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9520, U.S.N.M. Genus INGURA ‘Gueneée: INGURA SABULOSA, new species. Dark gray-brown, variegated with white; a round luteous spot near base, preceded by white specks; ordinary lines black, fine, obscured in the dark ground; orbicular round, white; reniform a broad white ring with black center; a row of costal white specks before apex; area No. 144d. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 99 of transverse posterior line black shaded; apex to middle of outer margin white washed, the fringe black spotted. Secondaries whitish brown at base, veins and outer half blackish brown, a small white area at anal angle; fringe black and white. Below the costal white spots are repeated, enlarged, and there is white at apex; secondaries with mesial, outer and submarginal lines, the margin dark grey, the white at anal angle repeated. Hxpanse.—28 mm. Habitat.—Sio Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9521, U.S.N.M. Genus MAKAPTA, new genus. Palpi upturned, reaching above vertex, third joint three times as long as wide. Hind wings with vein 5 from near the middle of cell, weak; fore wings with the apex square, acute. Front smooth, rounded; tibiz smooth; eyes naked; thorax with a posterior crest; vestiture hairy. MAKAPTA CARNESCENS, new species. Primaries bronzy reddish, darker over cell and margin; a conspicu- ous white lunate discal mark; transverse posterior line only visible, though the surface is slightly mottled; this line is regularly curved, even, dark brown. Secondaries blackish with dull vinous fringe. Below dark, vinous tinted except the disk of fore wings, which is sericeous blackish. Lixpanse.—30 mm. Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9522, U.S.N.M. Genus KOHLERA, new genus. Male antenne ciliate; palpi upturned to middle of front, third joint minute; proboscis present; eyes naked; tibize without spines. Hind wings with vein 5 weak, from below the angle of discocellulars. KOHLERA NEBULA, new species. Bronzy reddish shining, lines in dark brown; transverse anterior and posterior lines even, geminate, the anterior scarcely curved, the poste- rior slightly excurved over cell, moderately oblique; orbicular and reniform outlined in brown rings; subterminal line of brown spots; margin and fringe dark. Secondaries clear shining white, contrasting. Below primaries and costal edge of secondaries powdered with red- brown, inner two-thirds of secondaries white; a common outer line in the powdered part. Expanse.—32 mm. fabitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9523, U.S.N.M. . 100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. KOHLERIA BRUMA, new species. Slender; shining violaceous brown; orbicular and reniform neatly relieved, paler, faintly dark outlined; lines fine, geminate, brown, nar- row, not contrasted, appearing as part of a checkering of the surface; subterminal line shaded brown, distinct, the ground color darkened at margin. Secondaries brown-gray, shining, pale over disk. Below powdered in dark, without lines. Expanse.—28 mm. Habitat.—Saio Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9524, U.S.N.M. Genus PERIGEA Guenée. PERIGEA CHARADA, new species. Lustrous purplish brown, powdery; lines obscure, dark, geminate, paler filled; orbicular and reniform paler, scarcely outlined, separated by a darkening of the ground color; subterminal line dark within, pale without, dislocated subcostally, else nearly straight; fringe interlined with dark. Secondaries smoky brown, pale at base, fringe purplish with a dark line. Below primaries and costal half of secondaries dark powdered; a common dark outer line and fainter submarginal one. EHxpanse.—30 mm. Habitat.—Jalapa, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 9525, U.S.N.M. PERIGEA CENOLA, new species. Darkly blackish, shining; costa of a lighter yellowish shade broadly from base to beyond transverse posterior line, where a reddish color obtains to margin, the terminal space again blackish. Lines obscure, punctate on the veins, the transverse posterior showing in the red shade as three rows of black dots; spots indicated by narrow black lines with a little paler filling, but scarcely relieved; subterminal line reddish, wavy, diffused. Hind wing whitish, smoky along the margin; a black line at base of fringe. Thorax blackish, abdomen pale. Expanse.—30 mm. Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9526, U.S.N.M. PERIGEA SECORVA, new species. Thorax dark brown, its tufts lighter, orbits and base of patagia pale. Abdomen pale gray with dorsal blackish spots. Primaries pale gray, shaded with dark red-brown in median space below the stigmata and in marginal space below, the apical dash; costa light gray, faintly greenish tinted, with many black spots along the edge; lines obsolete, 7 * No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHAUS. 101 transverse anterior visible below, waved; transverse posterior very slight. Reniform and orbicular large, pale filled, each with an imper- fect black line within the edge; ground color ocherous tinted below the costa; subterminal line slender, black, from end of a heavy black subapical dash straight to inner margin, followed by a row of black points, which crosses the dash to costa; a row of small terminal black points. Hind wings white; an outer smoky border and small points on veins beyond middle; fringe white. Expanse.—35 mm. Habitat.—Siao Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9527, U.S.N.M. Genus NONAGRIA Hubner. NONAGRIA INFERNA, new species. Purplish black; primaries powdered with violaceous below cell; ordinary spots black, punctiform, the orbicular a short dash sur- rounded by violaceous scales, the reniform a round dot; a black dash between them and a small one following the. reniform; lines lost, except the subterminal, which is black, a little irregular, powdery, maculate; a row of terminal black dashes. Hind wing creamy white, strongly contrasted, gray powdered a little at apex. Abdomen dark brown. Below primaries and one-third of secondaries smoky brown, the rest of secondaries creamy white. Expanse.—28 mm. Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9528, U.S.N.M. Genus HADENA Schrank. HADENA JONEA, new species. Pale gray, whitish, overlaid with dark gray shades. Thorax whitish, black speckled, collar rufuus. Ordinary spots large, round, white, broadly olivaceous filled and narrowly black outlined; a dark linear shade from costa between them; a number of dark costal dashes; lines obsolete, the transverse posterior very far out, linear, black, dentate, the dentations pale filled without: a black dash for claviform, forming a bar to median shade, succeeded by a bar touching transverse pos- terior line; subterminal line close to the transverse posterior, pale, faint, waved, enclosing a black shade at costa. Hind wing white, shining, a biackish shade at apex and diminishingly along margin. Expanse.—30 mam. Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9529, U.S.N.M. q 102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. Genus CARBONA, new genus. Palpi smoothly scaled, upturned, third joint small; eyes naked; tibiz nonspinose; antenne simple; vestiture scale-tipped hair, some metallic scales at back of thorax. Hind wings with vein 5 weak, from below the middle of discocellulars. CARBONA OBSCURA, new species. Brown-black, inner area of primaries uniformly obscured; filling of basal, transverse anterior and posterior lines shows on costal half as yellowish lunules, supplemented by yellowish costal bars toward apex; ordinary spots tinged in burnt brown, dark filled, obscurely black ringed. Hind wing shining black-brown. Below as hind wing above, without marks. Expanse.—380 ram. Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9530, U.S.N.M. Genus OLIGIA Hubner. OLIGIA FUSCOMA, new species. Thorax variegated in clay color and dark brown. Primaries with the costa straight, the wing narrow; dark brown, slightly bronzy; a clay colored space at base surrounding the narrow dark subbasal line, projected on median vein; transverse anterior line of four clay colored cusps, the lower one outwardly dislocated; orbicular and reniform outlined in clay color; a broad costo-apical clay colored patch from which the transverse posterior line depends, excurved around reniform; subterminal line parallel to margin, defining the lighter terminal space. Secondaries grey-brown with large dark discal dot. Expanse.—21 mm. FHabitat.—Saio Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9531, U.S.N.M. Genus SEMIOPHORA Stephens. SEMIOPHORA BASTULA, new species. Bronzy brown; a round white spot in upper segment of reniform broken into three specks by dark scales; orbicular narrowly white ringed; ordinary lines very obscure, black, punctiform, geminate, the subterminal a faint wavy, pale shade. Secondaries blackish; discal No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHAUS. 103 spot darker. Below dark powdered; a common dark outer line and discal spots, that of the secondaries larger. Expanse.—23 mm. Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9532, U.S.N.M. SEMIOPHORA PUNCTULA, new species. As in the preceding species, but without the white spots in the reni- form. This is black filled, narrowly pale ringed, the upper segment of the ring white; circle of orbicular nearly without white. The color is a little less reddish, more faded than in S. dastula. It is perhaps a variety thereof. Expanse.—23 mm. Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9533, U.S.N.M. Genus EUSTROTIA Hubner. EUSTROTIA GEOGA, new species. Dark grey; apex a little touched with white; a faint white shade over reniform; lines single, black, transverse anterior nearly straight, posterior gently excurved over cell, subterminal finely dentate, limit- ing a dark shade, which runs nearly to transverse posterior line; this line reddish bordered below without; claviform small, black outlined; orbicular and reniform obscurely black outlined, pale filled; traces of a median black line; a row of black terminal dashes. Hind wing pale brownish; an outer punctate dark line; outer margin and fringe lined in blackish. Expanse.—21 mm. Habitat.—Guadalajara, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 9534, U.S.N.M. Genus ISCADIA Walker. ISCADIA NIGRA, new species. Blackish with a slight gray overcast; transverse anterior line black, slightly oblique, nearly straight, obscurely geminate, the inner gemi- nation brownish, the filling pale, but not contrasted; orbicular circu- lar, pale with a brown center; reniform elliptical, broadly black ringed, concolorous filled with a comparatively small reniform black center; an ashen space on costa before it containing a small black dash; transverse posterior line from costa above reniform, rounded outward parallel to costa, then angled sharply downward, dentate on the veins to below reniformy where it is retracted inward to touch the ring of the reniform, and then runs more obscurely to margin; subterminal q 104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. line whitish, irregularly dentate. Hind wings pure translucent white: a smoky black narrow border along outer margin. tinpanse.——34 mm. [labitat.—Tucuman, Argentine. Type.—Cat. No. 9535, U.S.N.M. ISCADIA DUCKINFIELDIA, new species. Light gray shaded with dark; a broad blotch on costa from trans- verse anterior to posterior lines of smoky brown, edged with black streaks below; lines as in /. nzgra, rufous edged, the transverse pos- terior continuous with the ring of reniform, which seems a part of it, broadly encircling the reniform center; subterminal line with blackish spots within. Hind wing sordid white, with black diffused oute1z edge. ipanse.—36 mm. TTabitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9536, U.S.N.M. ISCADIA STROCA, new species. White with a grayish tint. Thorax stained with yellowish; collar with three black lines; patagia grayish spotted. Subbasal line dotted; transverse interior excurved in middle, slightly waved, the space between them partly washed in red-brown; black spots along costa, heavier toward apex; trace of a mesial line; a large, round, narrow ringlet for reniform; transverse posterior line slender, black, wavy to below reniform, then bent inward to nearly touch the ringlet and strongly wavy to margin; subterminal line a waved black shade, the subterminal space shaded in red-brown; a row of terminal black dots. Hind wing white. Hxpanse.—31 mm. Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. Cat. No. 95387; UlS. NM. Type. Genus TAZNIOCAMPA Guenée. TAENIOCAMPA NAOLINA, new species. Bright red-brown; lower half of median space and area about trans- verse posterior line washed with purplish; transverse anterior line obsolete, it and the subbasal one indicated by vellowish lunules on costa; transverse posterior line slender black, deeply dentate; subter- minal line light reddish, wavy, diffuse; orbicular triangularly rounded on lower inner side, bright white edged, orange filled; reniform orange, with a white dot above and below within and row of white specks without; a small white mark at end of obsolete claviform. Hind wing brownish, a large dark discal spot and faint outer line; fringe pinkish. q m1 " No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHAUS. 105 Below light colored; discal spots large, pale, contrasted; a dark trans- verse posterior line; hind wing with the discal spot and line much more distinct on the pale ground. Expanse.—80 mm. Habitat.—Rio Janeiro, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9538, U.S.N.M. Genus COPHANTA Walker. COPHANTA CHRYSARGINEA, new species. Blackish brown, the fore wings with a blue metallic luster except on the space between transverse posterior line and cell; transverse ante- rior line narrow, yellow, forming four arcs; discal dot a dark, very faint discoloration; transverse posterior line indicated by a yellow dot on costa, arcuate, obsolete, finely geminate; three yellow dots on costa beyond; terminal space a little lighter without lines. Secondaries all dark brown-black, slightly bronzy. Below greyish black, discal dots and outer line faintly traced by following pale shades. Exepanse.—20 mm. Habitat.—Saio Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9539, U.S.N.M. Genus PLUSIA Ochsenheimer. PLUSIA CAUDATA, new species. Head and collar ocherous brown, thoracic tufts purplish black. Primaries deep purplish brown with a bronzy reflection; basal space variegated in clay color; transverse anterior line of this color, straight, produced inward on subcostal vein; sign a mark of 8, the outer seg- ment filled with yellowish silver, the inner part broken, the two seg- ments directed against median vein; transverse posterior line dentate, traversing a clay-colored area from costa to vein 5; terminal space variegated with clay color; fringes of this color with purplish strige. Hind wing dark brown, lighter in cell to base; fringe pale, interlined with brown. Expanse.—36 mm. Habitat. —Orizaba, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 9540, U.S.N.M. Genus ACANTHODICA Sehaus. ACANTHODICA PAMELA, new species. Collar clay color with brown margin, thorax gray, abdomen yel- lowish. Primaries grey, inner and outer halves clay colored, mottled in grey; transverse“anterior line far out, straight, broken into slightly curved dashes, preceded by a black patch above and below vein 1; orbicular and reniform round, faintly defined, grey; a large circular 106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vor. XXX. spot below reniform, ocherous grey, faintly ringed, darker centered: transverse posterior line far out, slightly curved, brown black, nearly continuous, followed by a dark-grey narrow shade; an irregular mot- tling for subterminal line; a rounded white apical blotch. Secondaries pearly white, veins and margin narrowly blackish; fringe yellowish. Expanse.—45 mm. Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9541, U.S.N.M. Genus TRILEUCA Grote. TRILEUCA OCHRACEA, new species. Yellowish clay color, finely brown irrorate, shading to dark brown along outer margin; three slender brown lines, the transverse anterior far from base, straight, bent on subcostal vein; a narrow brown discal lunule; transverse posterior line produced in a sharp point on vein 6; subterminal line excurved over the point of transverse posterior line, slightly angled on the veins, else regular and even. Hind wings bright ocherous, fringe brownish. Below brown powdered, disk of fore wings bright ocher. Expanse.—40 mm. Habitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 9542, U.S.N.M. Genus PHIBROMIA, new genus. Eyes naked, large; palpi porrect, about twice as long as head, the third joint small; antenne simple; tibize nonspinose. Hind wings with vein 5 distinct, curved, arising well above vein 4. PHIBROMIA NARECTA, new species. Dark ocherous, powdered with red; transverse anterior line narrow, brown, bent in an angle on submedian; orbicular round, black, white centered; reniform narrow, lunate, concolorous, relieved by dark scales, fused at both ends to the transverse posterior line, which makes a round excurve oyer it, is concolorous above, defined in a dark-brown shade, white and perpendicular below. Subterminal line faint, flexu- ous, defining the outer edge of a broad dark-brown shade band; termi- nal space brown powdered; a row of small dark terminal dots; fringe dark. Hind wings yellowish white; a diffused dark outer line and a half mesial line on inner margin; a terminal row of black specks; fringe brown spotted. Expanse.—25 mm. Habitat. —Castro, Parana, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9548, U.S.N.M. No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 107 Genus RHAESENA Walker. RHAESENA JALAPENA, new species. Violaceous clay color, overlaid with dark brown shades; transverse anterior line bent at right angles on median, pale brown edged within; transverse posterior oblique, straight from middle of costa to outer third of inner margin, pale, edged within by a wide brown shade that diffuses nearly to transverse anterior line; reniform mark beyond this line minute, but with a curved brown line to costa (the true trans- verse posterior line), the curve filled in by a dark shade; terminal area . brown shaded, blackish at apex; subterminal line fine, pale, obscure. Secondaries blackish. Below reddish irrorate, disk of primaries blackish, a common faint darker line. Expanse.—23 mm. Habitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 9544, U.S.N.M. RHAESENA NEZEILA, new species. Pale violaceous brownish with dark brown shades; basal half of pri- maries brown, shading darker before the lines, a light submetallic reflection in basal space; transverse anterior line narrow, brown, angled on median and submedian veins; transverse posterior straight across wing, limiting the dark basal area; lighter beyond, with sub- metallic violaceous reflection; reniform a brown speck beyond the transverse posterior line, around which the true posterior line makes a broad outcurve, slender, brown, flexuous; outer margin prominent below the middle, the upper excavation with a dark brown shade which runs obliquely inward; subterminal line pale, submacular, brown edged within. Hind wing blackish with an elliptical fovea in lower part of cell in the male. Below violaceous tinted, brown speckled, outer margins, especially of hind wings, red; a common mesial line, crenulate on hind wings, which have also a discal dot and a faint sub- marginal line. Expanse.—27 mim. Habitat.—Jalapa, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 9545, U.S.N.M. RHAESENA RUBROMARGINATA, new species. Dark purplish brown; fore wings with the space to median line shaded in dark bronzy brown, the transverse anterior line relieved by a little pale shading, slender, brown, angled on submedian; orbicular large, circular, paler filled; median line narrow, male, straight across wing, limiting the dark area; reniform an obscure irregular line; transverse posterior line slender, dark, roundedly excurved over reni- 108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. form, running very close to median line below; subterminal line rather distant from the margin, narrow, yellowish, breaking into spots on the veins below, preceded by a dark bronzy-brown patch on costa and at margin and followed by one obliquely from the costal patch to the angle of the outer margin. Secondaries blackish brown. Below blackish brown, apex of fore wings and submarginal area of hind wings irrorated with bright red, of the hind wings inclosing a diffuse dark-brown band; a faint discal spot. Expanse.—27 mm. Habitat.— Type.—Cat. No. 9566, U.S.N.M. Genus. PHIPROSOPUS Grote. PHIPROSOPUS HYPENOIDES, new species. Brownish ocherous, fore wings with reddish shades over cell and submedian fold; transverse anterior line faint, blackish on lower half only; a white point for reniform, below which a narrow white line runs straight to margin, blackish edged within; subterminal line sinu- ate, composed of a row of black blotches. Hind wing pale ocherous, gray tinted especially at margin. Below like hind wings above, a broad blackish shade on disk of fore wings to subterminal line; a com- mon slender extra mesial line and discal dots. Kixpanse.—31 mm. LHabitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9546, U.S.N.M. Genus CASANDRIA Walker. CASANDRIA CHIRICA, new species. Light gray, slightly metallic shining, inner area broadly shading dark; lines narrow, black; basal line arcuate from costa to base of median vein; transverse anterior waved, transverse posterior obsolete below, the upper segment distinct, angled inward subcostally; subter- minal line finely dentate, white above, dark and fainter below. Hind wing pellucid whitish, veins and margin smoky gray. Below, prima- ries with costa and outer margin of secondaries dark smoky, disk pellucid. Kixpanse.—33 mm. Habitat.—Jalapa, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 9547, U.S.N.M. Genus SCHAZAMA, new genus. Eyes naked, lashed; palpi upturned, slight, reaching the middle of the front; antenne appressed pectinate. Hind wings with vein 5 dis- tinct, arising above 4, but shortly so. Abdomen with long furcate anal tuft. Female with single frenulum. . No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCIZA US. 109 SCHAZAMA ANGUSTIPENNIS, new species. Primaries long, triangular, all the area below the middle of cell smooth and whitish as if partly denuded, evidently folded in rest; costa gray with reddish irrorations; transverse anterior line black, fine on costa, a dot on median vein, a strong streak on inner margin; reni- form a round black dot with a pale ring, cut in two on median fold, lower half obsolete; transverse posterior line geminate on costa, a dot on median vein and inner margin. Hind wings whitish subpellucid; a dark diseal dot, marginal edge and fringe grey-black. Abdomen with a pair of long terminal tufts. Expanse.—27 mm. Habitat.—Sio Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9548, U.S.N.M. Genus CORUBIA, new genus. Eyes large, naked; tongue small; palpi porrect, the second joint brush-like with scales above and below, third joint slender, deflexed, not exceeding the hair of the second joint. Tibiz smoothly scaled, nonspinose. Hind wing with vein 5 well developed, from the lower third of discocellulars. CORUBIA TESTACEA, new species. Dark orange testaceous, lines blackish; transverse anterior bent at right angles on median vein; orbicular a round dot; reniform an upright streak; transverse posterior line oblique from costa near apex to outer third of inner margin, straight; no subterminal. Hind wings ochraceous, blackish powdered all over. Below disk of fore wings blackish shaded. Expanse.—22 mm. Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9549, U.S.N.M. Genus DORYODES Guenée. DORYODES ELONGATA, new species. Fore wing lengthily produced at apex, outer margin strongly oblique. Light pinkish, finely and densely dark irrorate; a broad pale gray band from apex over cell nearly to base; another above inner margin; a slender ray from apex toward middle of margin; center of wing slightly ochraceous. Hind wing creamy white. Expanse.—36 mm. Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9550, U.S.N.M. 110 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, Xx Genus CAROGA, new genus. Eyes large, naked; palpi upturned to vertex, the third joint small, second long and pilose; legs long, hind tibie hairy. Hind wing with vein 5 distinet, from lower fourth of the discocellulars; wings broad, ample. CAROGA COSTALIS, new species. Wings broad, smoky brown, shining, uniform; costa very broadly whitish brown from base to apex; transverse posterior line dark brown, diffuse, very faintly crossing the pale costal space; other lines lost; a dark mark at base and row of terminal spots. Hind wing unspotted. Abdomen long, dark brown. Below wings lighter, each with a rounded blackish discal spot. Expanse.—37 mm. Habitat.—Rio Janeiro, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No..9551, U.S.N.M. Genus PHA OCHLAINA Hubner. PHAOCHLAENA CUPREA, new species. Dark brown with purplish luster; transverse anterior and posterior lines fine, irregular, linearly pale with brown borders within; a round, punctiform yellowish white discal dot; subterminal line waved, fine, like the other lines; terminal space a shade paler. Hind wing dark brown. Below much lighter, especially toward base. Expanse.—24 mm. FHabitat.—Sio Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9552, U.S.N.M. Genus PALINDIA Guenée. PALINDIA ARGENTILINEA, new species. Bright grass green; costa narrowly ocherous with little black streaks; transverse anterior, median and posterior lines all oblique, subparallel, rather closely placed, pale brown, pale silvery edged without; a brown patch on transverse anterior line in submedian fold; a straight terminal silver line. Hind wing whitish on costa, else green, the terminal silver line expanded at the angle in the margin before a round blackish patch with pale edge. Below silky white, green tinged, fringes black. Kxpanse.—35 mm. Habitat.—Rio Janeiro, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9553, U.S.N.M. No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHAUS. Jig Genus GONODONTA Hubner. GONODONTA MARMORATA, new species. Body blackish brown, patagia blackish tipped, collar grey irrorate; primaries dark brown in median and submedian spaces, pale clay color terminally; basal space confused with brown, purplish and clay color shades, the line lost; transverse anterior and posterior lines limit the dark median space, but are themselves indistinct, though traceable, black, strongly wavy; reniform paler than the ground, constricted, narrowly dark centered; a slender black line before the subterminal, wavy, preceded by a small white space on costa and joined to the dark median space centrally by bluish black; terminal space mottled in brown and purplish on a pale ground, the subterminal line wavy, dark, linear; termenand fringe dark. Secondaries brown-black, disk broadly orange yellow from costa over median nervules. Below blackish brown, primaries with a spot at base and termen lighter, secondaries with the yellow mark enlarged over costa to base. Expanse.—43 mm. LTabitat.—Coatepec, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 9554, U.S.N.M. Genus HOMOPYRALIS Grote. HOMOPYRALIS PICTA, new species. Head, thorax, and bases of both wings light cream colored, the outer parts of wings densely shaded in with dark brown and purplish; reni- form,a dark bar inasmall light space; transverse, anterior, and poste- rior lines obscure in the dark area, narrow, blackish, wavy; subtermi- nal similar, but more decidedly wavy, and followed by a small light space; a round dark blotch on middle of outer margin; fringe spotted. Secondaries with two median dark lines, the outer twice strongly den- tate, the area between powdery brown; discal dot rounded, black; submarginal line faint, wavy, preceded by brown blotches; a crenulate line at base of fringe, which is spotted. Below pale, shaded and pep- pered with brown, without any contrasting pale basal space; a common outer and inner wavy lines and discal spots, the lines indistinctly doubled. Expanse.—22 mm. Habitat.—Jalapa, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 9555, U.S.N.M. HOMOPYRALIS PANDAMA, new species. Pale ocherous, dark olivaceous, tinged and with patches of slightly bronzy reddish on disks and submedian fold of both wings; primaries with a broad brown-black subbasal band; orbicular a round dot; two i Me PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, | ' median lines, wavy, the outer somewhat broken and absorbing the small reniform dot; transverse posterior line wavy, broken; subter- minal near the margin, waved, broken below, broad, touching at middle of margin a large dark spot in the fringe; a row of terminal black spots. Secondaries with two mesial lines, coarsely waved, inclosing the small discal dot, from which a faint shade runs to the inner margin; terminal space distinctly olivaceous, with a broken blotchy submar- ginal line; a crenulate terminal line; a dark spot in fringe in center of margin. Below two common lines and discal dots, the margins broadly blotched in blackish brown. Expanse.—25 mm. Habitat.—Aroa, Venezuela. Type.—Cat. No. 9556, U.S.N.M. Genus MATIGRAMMA Grote. MATIGRAMMA PAMELA, new species. Pale, testaceous, the wings shaded with red-brown outwardly; primaries with a very broad blackish shaded subbasal band, which is constricted into three segments, the central one gray with a black central dash, the lower one pale; a minute punctiform orbicular; an oblique black dash on costa, succeeded below median vein by a brown | line, angled on submedian; reniform a linear brown curved mark, with _ a faint brown line below it; transverse posterior line wavy, brown, followed on costa by a large oblique black bar; subterminal line limit- | ing the dark-brown marginal space, produced inward opposite cell; a darker brown shade at middle of margin. Secondaries with inner line faint; discal dot a longitudinal dash, furcate toward base of wing; outer line irregular, excurved over discal dash, slender, brown; terminal | space more strongly shaded in red-brown, cut by a diffused pale line; acrenulate terminal brown line. Below with common outer and inner lines and discal spots, the lines on primaries obscured by brown pow- | derings and with three black costal bars; on secondaries the outer line crenulate and excurved over discal dot, which is elongate, but not so | sharply as above. Expanse. 34 mm. Habitat.— Type.—Cat. No. 9557, U.S.N.M. Genus AMPHIGONIA Guenée. AMPHIGONIA BRUNNEA, new species. Brown; basal space of primaries dark chocolate brown, with irregular lighter markings; lines and spots obsolete, the orbicular traceable close to base as a blackish ring; color shades darker outwardly, the submar- ginal line faint, yellowish, bent at an angle opposite the projection of ij NO, 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHAUS. 113 outer margin; a row of small yellow cusps before margin. Seconda- ries with the subterminal area strongly empurpled, limited within by a straight lilaceous geminate line, which is produced inward in little rays on the veins; a bronzy blotch in the purple area near middle; a subterminal row of yellow cusps as on primaries; the margin crenulate and produced in the middle. Below brown, a common mesial dark line and outer waved crenulate yellowish one on fore wings excuryed over cell; margins irregularly washed in whitish, the subterminal cusps repeated, but less definitely; on primaries orbicular whitish, reniform, of four dark dots and a pale one ina bluish area; on second- aries discal dot dark. Hind legs with the tibie very broadly haired, a white spot at the knees. Expanse.—42 mm. Habitat.—Aroa, Venezuela. Type.—Cat. No. 9558, U.S.N.M. Genus PETEROMA, new genus. Eyes large, naked; palpi upturned to vertex, third joint small; tibiz enlarged, the spurs normal. Wings broad and similarly colored as in Hlomoptera, hind wing with vein 5 distinct, from near lower angle of cell. PETEROMA LIGNEA, new species. Pale pinkish gray, a transverse black line on edge of collar and faint one in middle of thorax; abdomen with a white band at extreme base, first segment dark brown, second witha black posterior band, the others faintly banded. Primaries with outer half dark brown; a small black bar at base; transverse anterior line slender, angled on costa and median, followed by a heavy oblique black band from median to inner margin near base; orbicular a round dot; the pale basal space runs costally nearly to apex, but the rest of the wing is dark, contain- ing geminate median and transverse posterior lines, close together, wavy. becoming very faint where they cross the pale costal space; submarginal line wavy, pale, dark edged within; a crenulate black marginal line; fringe pale at base, brown outwardly. Secondaries lightly shaded with brown, median band double, straight, broad, fol- lowed by a fainter, more wavy band; outer band triplicate, two nar- row crenulate lines and a broad dark brown one; a submarginal shaded band; termen and fringe as on fore wings. Below the wings are pale, brown peppered; a dark submarginal shade on both; discal dots and common inner, median, and outer lines, narrow, crenulate, broken. Eixxpanse.—42 mm. Tlabitat.—Aroa, Venezuela. Type.—Cat. No. 9559, U.S.N.M. Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——8 114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. © Genus CAPNODES Guenée. CAPNODES VIRGINIA, new species. Pallid testaceous, minutely brown speckled; transverse anterior line slender, brown, coarsely wavy, with a brown blotch on costa; orbicu- lar a dot: reniform a broken dot, broadly ringed in powdery brown, the space partly filled in rusty brown; transverse posterior line excurved over reniform, dotted, not waved; subterminal crenulate, geminate, paler filled; a terminal row of brown dots. Secondaries with a faint pale space for discal dot; mesial line dotted; submarginal line and termen as on fore wings. Below with dotted mesial and sub- marginal lines and slight discal dots. Expanse.—27 mm. Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9560, U.S.N.M. Genus TRIOMMATODES Warren. TRIOMMATODES ANGULATA, new species. Antenne rather lengthily pectinate; fore wings with the outer margin angled. Dark purplish brown, largely lilaceous shaded, espe- cially over disk to inner margin and along outer margin below apex; base and costa dark; lines dark, wavy, slender, obscure; a lilaceous line cuts the dark basal color, the stigmata are very faintly outlined by the pale shading, and the transverse posterior is followed by lila- ceous points; a subterminal row of lilaceous cusps and two rows of alternating terminal dots; hind wings dark with only discal dot, median row of points and crenulate marginal line lilaceous. Below the body and abdomen are pale whitish, the color spreading over base of see- ondaries; wings else bluish grey, the primaries with very faint lines, the secondaries with two dark wavy mesial lines, relieved on the whitish ground. Expanse. —35 mm. | Habitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 9561, U.S.N.M. Genus BENDIS Hubner. BENDIS MASCARA, new species. Brown. terminal spaces of both wings lighter, a black-brown band at base of abdomen; transverse anterior line black-brown, broad, bent at right angles on median, broken in cell, reaching inner margin near base; transverse posterior visible on costa and fora little way, narrow, faint, brown, edged with pale; four pale costal dashes beyond; subter- | minal line strongly excurved at middle of margin, almost touching the | marginal angle; a broad brown-black shade diffusing within; a white dixeal point. Hind wings with a similar submedian band, diffusing to — j F ‘No, 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHAUS. VES center of wing, cut by a geminate pale lilaceous shade line which, near middle of wing, comes to limit the dark shade outwardly to anal angle; a white discal speck. Below grey-brown, margin with pale testaceous patches above angle and at tornus of fore wing, at apex of hind wing; faint crenulated dark outer line, edged narrowly with testaceous white discal dots as above. Aupanse.—33 mm. Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9562, U.S.N.M. BENDIS THARA, new species. Dark brown; base of fore wings darkly blackish, sharply limited; a slender pale, wavy, mesial line; transverse posterior roundedly ex- curved, parallel to margin, pale, edged within by a dark brown shade; subterminal space darkly blackish brown, bluish shaded on costa; ter- minal space of brown color; terminal dots faint. Hind wing with the subterminal dark shade very faintly repeated, its inner line punctiform, brown; subterminal line crenulate, obscure, a pale mesial line, dark edged basally. Below fore wings with whitish discal dot and macular outer line, terminal space lighter; hind wings similar, a submacular pale mesial line added. Expanse.—32 mm. Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9563, U.S.N.M. Genus CHAMINA Hubner. - CHAMINA CHORIA, new species. Light brown, darker along costa, powdered with lilaceous in basal and median spaces; transverse line, median shade and posterior line darker, obscure diffused; orbicular a small dark dot; reniform narrow, constricted, a dark ring filled and surrounded by llaceous powdering which also follows the transverse posterior line narrowly; next a dark shade, then a pale space; subterminal line near margin, obsolete, represented by scattered dark points on the veins. Hind wing with mesial punctiform dark line edged by lilaceous; an outer row of black points. Expanse.—37 mm. Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9564, U.S.N.M. Genus ORTHOGRAMMA Guenée. ORTHOGRAMMA FEROGIA, new species. Testaceous brown, terminal area darker as also head and thorax; ‘transverse anterior lines slightly arcuate, geminate, light red tipped; jorbicular and reniform large, brown filled, brokenly dark brown . 4 116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. ringed; transverse posterior line with a faint pale branch from costa, touching a blackish apical shade dash, forming a straight, geminate, light-red-filled band from apex across both wings to above anal angle of secondaries; space beyond darker brown, faintly cloudy irrorated; a submarginal row of points on both wings, white, black within; a blackish discal dot on hind wings. Below testaceous, blackish irro- rate; orbicular punctiform, reniform lunate, dusky; transverse posterior line normally shaped; outer dots as above. Hind wing with double discal dot, outer line and outer dots. Expanse.—42 mm. Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9565, U.S.N.M. ORTHOGRAMMA HERMESIA, new species. ted brown, antennal serrations, a line between antenne and extreme tips of palpi white. Primaries with a narrow straight brown outer line from apex to middle of inner margin follow by minute yellowish specks on the veins; transverse anterior line obscure, of two large ares; reniform and orbicular large, of the ground color, faintly defined by a darkening of the shade along costa; submarginal line blackish, twice broadly waved, narrow, diffused, broken into spots. Second- aries with a straight mesial line continuing the one on fore wings; a row of nearly obsolete black dotssubmarginally. Below lighter over base and disk of secondaries; a common mesial brown line and discal dots. Hxpanse.—42 mm. Habitat.—Saio Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9576, U.S.N.M. Genus COENIPETA Hutibner. COENIPETA GLAUCOIDES, new species. Fore wings very dark purplish brown, mottled all over with little patches of submetallic greenish blue scales, strongest in a powdering about the obsolete reniform mark; lines pale, not well indicated, con- fused by the patches; anterior wavy, nearly straight; median similar, faint centrally; posterior slender, zigzag wavy, retreating below cell under the reniform, not excurved subterminal very faint; a row of slightly darker large blotches just before the margin. Secondaries shining bronzy dark brown, scarcely any trace of lines except just at the margin where are intravenular black spots, except at costa and anal angle, each preceded by a dull yeliowish dash and very faintly en- . circled. Below lighter brown, nearly immaculate; the light yellowish inceptions of the transverse lines on costa are repeated, the secondaries have a darker straight median line and a light mottling on the margin. } NO. M444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. eT Eixpanse.—41 mm. _ Habitat.—Cavalle Cocho, Amazones, Peru, May, July, 1884 (M. de Mathan). Type.—Cat. No. 9567, U.S.N.M. COENIPETA LAURENA, new species. Fore wings very dark purplish brown, irrorate with lilaceous scales, which form a more distinct tract along median vein and vein 2 to margin, at inception of transverse posterior line on costa and in the terminal space apically; lines pale, not well indicated, confused by the powdering; a row of yellowish bars along the costa; transverse anterior line oblique, wavy, double, the outer gemination marked by a blue bar in submedian interspace; median line dark below its incep- tion on costa, indicated by the absence of the light powdering, coarsely waved; transverse posterior dark with light edges, doubled without by a more diffuse light lilaceous line which is lost below in the general light powdering, waved, arcuate to reniform, thence coarsely waved to Inner margin; reniform large, oblique, an oblique yellowish dash ringed by a pale line that becomes white on the outer segment; sub- terminal line finely wavy, starting near the costa but becoming remote from the margin below, pale above with dark edging but below appearing as a dark zigzag lined by the lilaceous scales and somewhat cupreous tint of the ground color; a row of dark lunules near the margin. Secondaries shining bronzy dark brown, two mesial anda submareginal lighter wavy lines most distinct centrally; a row of dark lunules close to margin preceded and followed by reddish ochreous, cut by little blue dashes at veins 2, 5, and 6; fringe dark with a yellow- ish patch at the marginal incision between veins 5 and 6. Below lighter brown, inner area of fore wings pale ocherous shaded; pri- maries with light spottings on costa, a light bar for reniform, a cren- ulate outer line and very light ocherous marginal patches except between veins 3 and 4, traversed by brown lunules near the margin; secondaries with three crenulate mesial lines, discal dot a dark ringlet; a white pupil followed by a black spot at margin between veins 6 and Tand a very light ocherous marginal line near anal angle and between veins 4 and 6. ; — Hxpanse.—44 mm. Habitat. —St. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 9568, U.S.N.M. COENIPETA MEDALBA, new species. _ Primaries more pointed trigonate than in the two preceding. Dark purplish brown, all the base of wing to transverse posterior line over- washed with white; subbasal, geminate transverse anterior and gem- inate median lines show dark on the white ground, coarsely wavy; a 1 115 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXX, black shade obtains along inner margin near base; transverse posterior line witha large white dash on costa, below darker than the dark ground of outer space, broad, nearly straight, space from it over reniform area only a little washed in white, the reniform showing an oblique dark line without traceable ringlet; a faint crenulate dark shade paralleling the posterior line; subterminal light without, dark within, dentate- crenulate, subparallel to margin; fringe dark, irregularly marked in whitish. Secondaries blackish, shining, a diffused subcrenulate outer line centrally, approaching anal angle at inner termination; fringe white, blackish at anal angle and between veins 3 and 4 with three little marginal pale lunules centrally. Below blackish, bases of wings shaded with pale ocherous scales, on the hind wings covering all buta broad marginal band; a median and an outer dark line on fore wings, the latter broadly white edged on costal half; secondaries with two mesial dark lines and a faint discal spot; fringes as above. Expanse.—39 mm. Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9569, U.S.N.M. COENIPETA UMBRATA, new species. Primaries slightly more pointed than in C. medalba. Basal half similarly washed with white, but more lilaceous and less solid; trans- | verse anterior line blackish, distinct, zig zag, the others obscured; a _ rounded discal lunule, joining a broad outer deep brown-black shade — in the transverse posterior position which diffuses to the subterminal — line; this is very near the margin, dentate, pale; marginal space with cloudy blotches; fringe spotted in pale and cloudy. Secondaries brown-black, lighter brownish basally, an outer median curved dull yellow band centrally, broken on submedian fold, repeated in anal angle; anal angle lobed with an excavation above; fringe ocher, | irregularly black checkered; a marginal ocher spot above the excava- — tion, preceded by a fine line, the excavation similarly edged. Below primaries grey, shading light at base, contrasting pale ocher below vein 1; black marks on costa, from one of which a shade runs to the pale linear reniform; outer line dark, excurved, pale edged near costa; secondaries pale ocherous except a large black blotch on middle of margin; two black geminate mesial lines and black-edged discal dot; a _ brighter ocher shade about submedian fold; a light patch at apex. Kirpanse.—41 mm. /labitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. Type.-—Cat. No. 9625, U.S.N.M. COENIPETA MUSA, new species. Primaries purplish brown, a little lighter centrally; transverse — anterior and posterior lines broad, black, slightly crenulate, the ante- rior geminate; reniform of two broad lines, narrowly continued to No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHAUS. BE) costa; subterminal line near the margin, pale, faint, dentate, inclosed _ina darker shade; a small whitish patch at inception of posterior line on costa. Secondaries with a large incision above anal angle, brown- black, lighter at base, outer curved central line dull ocherous, dif- fused, curved toward incision; light superposed bars on inner margin; a double marginal light shade; fringe light, faintly darker shaded. Below light grayish; a dark median line on fore wing crossing the reniform bars; dark posterior line, with a white outer edge at costa; secondaries with a dark marginal shade, two crenulate mesial lines and discal dot; a marginal light shade, becoming white at apex. Expanse.—30 mm. Habitat.— st. Jean, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 9570, U.S.N.M. COENIPETA SUBOCELLATA, new species. Fore wings dark purplish brown, the lines dark, nearly obscured, the subterminal relieved by an outward paler shading, excurved sub- apically and mesially; a round black patch at apex, with a small white pupil inwardly. Hind wings blackish brown, two mesial darker lines and a submarginal shade followed by a dilution of the color; a row of marginal white specks centrally; a narrow yellowish line at base of fringe. Below more grayish, costal marks and lines of more wings lightened in ocherous shades, the apical ocellus repeated, more dis- tinct, preceded by a yellowish arc; secondaries washed in pale at base, relieving a discal mark of two ares, a geminate mesial and single outer line; a submarginal light shade, inclosing a black ocellus at apex, which has a white pupil and is cut by two yellowish dashes; a narrow yellow line at base of fringes of both wings. Expanse.—4+1 mm. Hab/tut.—Rockstone, British Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 9571, U.S.N.M. COENIPETA SUBVARIA, new species. Primaries dark red-brown and blackish purple; the purple color fills the anal space, lower half of median space, area from reniform to subterminal and over this line centrally to margin; lines wavy, black, obscured in the dark color, the reniform a narrow black constricted ring ina creamy ground that obtains to costa and in irregular patches about submedian fold outwardly; a row of black dashes near margin, the apical one largest. Secondaries blackish, mesial and outer lines faint, dark, wavy, narrowly lighter edged without; a row of round black marginal spots ina slightly bronzy reddish field, faintly encircled with pale. Below strongly diversified with pale and white patches; prima- ries powdered with whitish lilaceous subcostally and patched with white at apex; yellowish spots along costa; discal dot of three white 120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. lines; outer line roundedly crenulate, whitish, single; a submarginal faint pale line; secondaries a little light powdered; discal dot with a white line within and a large round white patch without; outer line crenulate, pale; asubmarginal paler line above a series of white cusps near margin, the one nearest apex large, obsolete toward anal angle; fringe with a yellowish line at base. Expanse.—41 mm. Hlabitat.—St. Laurent, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 9572, U.S.N.M. COENIPETA ALBIDENTINA, new species. Primaries pointed; secondaries without marginal excavation; dark purplish brown, overwashed with violaceous; lines of the ground color, scarcely contrasted, coarsely crenulate, the transverse posterior cutting a large white patch resting on costa and reaching to middle of reniform; subterminal line pale crenulate edged, containing dark lunules of the ground color; a row of illy defined dark lunules near the margin. Hind wings brownish black, the outer line faint, dentate, pale, visible centrally, then narrower and slightly dislocated toward anal angle; fringe with a white apical and subapical spot. Below ereyish, shading to black at apex of fore wings and outer margin of hind wings; white costo-disecal spot of fore wings repeated, solid, elongated; hind wings with double dark discal are and two mesial lines, the fringe of both wings irregularly spotted with white. Expanse.—40 ram. Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9573, U.S.N.M. Genus TYRISSA Walker. TYRISSA CAROLA, new species. Entirely dark umber brown, densely shaded with black; a series of very numerous fine black lines alternating with umber brown cross both wings, beginning on costa of fore wings and curving parallel to the lower part of the outer margin, continued directly over the hind wings; a hemispherical area resting on costa of fore wings close to apex is umber brown, traversed by a double subcostal black line; fringes crenulate, a black line at base and a dark line at base and tip of fringe. Below smoky brown, the lines repeated but more evenly curved and crenulate, a broad submarginal space uniformly brown, devoid of lines. Hipanse.—d34 mm. Habitat. —Rio Janeiro, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9574, U.S.N.M. No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 12) Genus SORYGAZA Walker. SORYGAZA ACUTALIS, new species. Primaries elongate, strongly excavate on upper half of outer margin; brownish ocher with a lilaceous tint; orbicular a minute black dot; reniform a large round black spot, its center a little broken in pale; fringe dark brown preceded by a row of marginal dots, which show dis- tinctly only at the excavation; a faint trace of transverse anterior line on inner margin. Hind wings yellowish white, the fringe a shade darker; a small dark round discal dot. Below whitish, the costa and fringe of fore wings shaded darker purplish; a small discal dot on both wings. Expanse.—20 mm. Habitat.—Saio Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9575, U.S.N.M. Genus NEOHERMINIA Druee. NEOHERMINIA CHISENA, new species. Light purplish brown; primaries with a dark brown shaded mark from costa subapically bent to pass over reniform, then obliquely to inner margin as a mesial shade, the outer part narrowly edged by a yellow line; reniform large, broadly ringed in pale yellow, filled with a narrow dark broken ring; orbicular a small pale yellow dot; trans- verse anterior line narrow, dark, obscure; a row of black marginal dots. Secondaries with two mesial dark wavy lines and a pale yellow submarginal one, all faint and visible distinetly only toward anal mar- gin. Below the discal dots are repeated in dark brown, faintly pale ringed; the lines are only traces. Eepanse.—30 mm. Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9577, U.S.N.M. Genus BLEPTINA Guenée. BLEPTINA CANDALIS, new species. Brown, slightly bronzy, markings obscure; transverse anterior line dark, nearly straight; median shade visible below; reniform a minute pale yellowish speck; posterior line dark, linear, finely pointed dentate ; submarginal line straight, slender, pale yellow, a little flexed over dis- cai nervules; a row of small dark marginal dots. Secondaries a little less bronzy than primaries, witha faint dark mesial line. Below lighter, a submarginal pale line from costa of fore wings, continuous on hind 122 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. eae wings; a discal spot and mesial line on hind wings, relieved on the paler ground. Kxpanse.—30 mm. [Tabitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9578, U.S.N.M. BLEPTINA CLARA, new species. Testaceous, the primaries with a red shade over median area; lines blackish; transverse anterior roundedly excurved below median vein; orbicular a small dot; reniform a large rounded blotch; transverse posterior line close to the reniform, deeply excavate-dentate, breaking into two rows of dots at the points of the dentations, the outer dots on — the veins, the inner between, part above the reniform not dentate; submarginal line double, broken into shaded intravenular spots, the outer line running to apex, gently excurved centrally; a row of mar- ginal black dots. Hind wings paler testaceous: a faint discal dot; a dark mesial line distinct on inner half; two faint shaded submarginal lines; a row of terminal black dots. Below shaded with reddish on coste of both wings, irrorate with blackish; large diffused discal dots, a-common mesial band and two submarginal ones, all diffused and irrorate, but distinct: a row of terminal black dots as above. Kirpanse. —24 mm. Tlab/tat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9579, U.S.N.M. BLEPTINA MARGOTALIS, new species. Grevish testaceous, brown irrorate median shade broad, dark brown, twice angularly waved; reniform broadly brown outlined, large; trans- verse posterior line incised crenulate, broken into two rows of dots; submarginal line wavy flexuous, pale, dark edged within; secondaries with two outer brown diffused bands. Below both wings with large discal spots and two outer lines, those of primaries faint, those of see- ondaries more distinct than above on the paler ground. (The type is faded and a little moldy.) Kivpanse.—30 mm. TTabitat.— Type.—Cat. No. 9580, U.S.N.M. Genus TORTRICODES Guenée. TORTRICODES PAULENSIS, new species. Purplish brown, median space, except towards costa, dark chocolate brown: inner and outer lines straight, a little convergent towards costa, white, diffused, limiting the dark median space; a deep incision in outer margin almost to the outer line, with a fold and a yellowish No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHAUS. (23 space at its base above. Secondaries greyish brown. Below greyish brown, the secondaries with a faint discal dot and outer line. Expanse.—26 mm. Habitat.—Sio Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9581, U.S.N.M. TORTRICODES DULCENA, new species. Very dark purplish brown; outer line pale, faint, limiting a dark brown shade in median space which fills the space irregularly, but is hardly relieved from the ground color, except next the outer line; submarginal line starts from costa subapically in a light yellowish apical shade, forms a long rounded projection and retreats behind the marginal incision, faintly traceable to inner margin; the projection is filled by a dark brown spot and a smaller one rests on the base on the | incision witha slight reddish discoloration beyond. Secondaries black, a long elliptical white space over cell and below, relieving the median vein and origins of viens 2 and 3 as narrow black lines. Below pri- maries greyish, the apical testaceous space repeated, enlarged; second- aries as above, but grey irrorate, the white discal space encroached on by a dark discal dot. Expanse.—27 mm. Habitat.—Castro, Parana. Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9582, U.S.N.M. Genus MEGACHYTA Grote. > MEGACHYTA NOLUALIS, new species. Light purplish brown; lines brown, fine, dentate, not much bent; a brown median shade from the dark cloudy reniform, which is centered by a slender pale yellow line; submarginal line starts in a pale yellow streak from costa, then becomes wavy and obsc re, surrounded by a dark shade; a terminal black crenulate line. Secondaries with faint discal dot and dark outer line, the outer area darker shaded; submar- ginal line pale, diffused; terminal line as on primaries. Below paler, discal dot and dark mesial line and pale submarginal line repeated on both wings. “Pxpanse.—20 mm. fabitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 9583, U.S.N.M. MEGACHYTA SABULAREA, new species. Primaries with the basal space blackish brown, twice indented: inner half of median space whitish grey; outer half of this space smoky brown, reddish, in an elliptical area representing the reniform; trans- verse posterior line black, coarsely dentate; subterminal space black- ae > 124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, ish brown, edged by whitish wavy subterminal line; terminal space grey, a blackish blotch below middle on outer margin, passing on to fringe; a terminal crenulate black line. Secondaries brownish grey, paler at base; two brown wavy lines on the inner margin. Below pri- maries dark, the subterminal pale line on costal half; secondaries pale, brownish powdered; a subbasal blackish line, discal dot, and two median lines which touch each other centrally; fringe spotted. Expanse.—17 mm. Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9584, U.S.N.M. Genus RHOSOLOGIA Walker. RHOSOLOGIA PALLIDA, new species. Primaries straw yellow, finely brown irrorate; secondaries paler at the base, shaded with blackish on costal half beyond cell. Below the blackish shading extends on fore wings also but is more diffused. The palpi and fore tibiz are blackish, otherwise straw yellow. Hxpanse.—32 mm. Habitat.—Rio Janeiro, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9585, U.S.N.M. Genus ADROCAMPA Schaus. ADROCAMPA ATOMOSA, new species. Pale straw color, primaries rather sparsely irrorate with milky brown. Secondaries white, slightly irrorated with brown outwardly. Below white, the costal areas of both wings shaded and irrorated with brown, most soon primaries. The palpi are porrect, downcurved, reddish brown, darker below; antenne bepectinate except on apical fifth. Hxpanse.—3+ mm. Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9586, U.S.N.M. Genus ARISTARIA Guenée. ARISTARIA ORIZABALIS, new species. Antennal tuft of male large, followed by three segments bearing long serrations. Dark umber brown, outer margin blackish shaded; reni- form a large brown-black lunule; subterminal line wavy and excurved opposite the excurve of outer margin, pale yellowish, broken. Hind wings dark grayish, lighter at base; an outer pale submacular line par- allel to margin. Below paler, especially base of secondaries, the outer pale line repeated, more diffused but not more distinct than above. Kxpanse.—38 mm. Hahitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 9587, U.S.N.M. No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 125 ARISTARIA PICATALIS, new species. Female.—Reddish brown; transverse anterior line dark, wavy, faint; median shade broad, oblique, sharply limited basally, fading out toward costa; reniform a black lunule constricted in two, set in a neat pale yel- low ring; transverse posterior line excavate-dentate, broken into two rows of dots; subterminal line strongly excurved below the middle, scarcely wavy, pale reddish, surrounded by a dark brown clouding; a marginal crenulate dark line. Secondaries grayish, a faint discal dot and dark mesial line; outer line pale yellowish, narrow, submacular; a crenulate dark terminal line. Below grayish with common faint dark discal dots and mesial lines; outer line pale. Lxpanse.—3\1 mm. [Tabitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 9588, U.S.N.M. ARISTARIA TRINITALIS, new species. Umber brown, with markings nearly obliterate; transverse anterior line very faint, brown, slender, angled in the middle; a broad faint median discal shade; reniform pale yellow with two brown dots; a broad diffuse shade about the subterminal line which is composed of yellowish dots; a broken dark terminal line; secondaries grayish, dark, a still darker shade outwardly, through which runs a broken pale sub- marginal line. Below dark with a smoky outer line and broader sub- marginal one on secondaries, the latter followed by a faint broken pale line. Expanse.—32 mm. Habitat.—Trinidad, British West Indies. Type.—Cat. No. 9589, U.S.N.M. ARISTARIA CONSPICUA, new species. Tuft of male antenne very large; primaries with the outer margin prominently excurved above the middle; russet brown, shading to dark red-brown in median space and beyond; orbicular a white point; reniform a white circle with black center; transverse posterior line brown, dentate, set ina band of the light russet color; subterminal line fine, pale, narrow and nearly obsolete, followed at the excurve of outer margin by a large nearly pure white blotch; fringe russet with a brown crenulate terminal line. Hind wings blackish; fringe dotted with russet and with a black crenulate terminal line. Below grayish, reddish shaded along costa of primaries; fringes ornate as above; pri- maries with an outer dark diffused line and a submarginal narrow pale one, shown near costa only; secondaries with a large black dis- cal spot preceded by a small dot; mesial line crenulate, blackish; en a 126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. margin broadly shaded in blackish, cut by a wavy pulverulent pale submarginal line. Expanse.—35 mam. Habitat.— Rio Janeiro, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9590, U.S.N.M. ARISTARIA BOCANTIS, new species. Dark sooty brown, lighter narrowly just before the transverse anterior line and in outer half of median space, relieving the narrow crenulate posterior line: orbicular a minute white dot; reniform a faint, scarcely visible ringlet; subterminal line in the broad uniform dark outer field, strongly wavy, pale yellowish, narrow and broken into illy connected dots; fringe checkered with pale. Secondaries blackish brown with very faint pale wavy mesial and outer lines. Below dark, discal dots, dark outer and pale submarginal lines, indi- cated only on primaries, relieved more distinctly on secondaries by a broad pale shading over the disk below costa. Hxpanse.—34 mm. Habitat. —Orizaba, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 9591, U.S.N.M. ARISTARIA RICALIS, new species. Dark grey-brown, the lines narrow, wavy denticulate, except the transverse anterior which is straight, oblique from above orbicular toward base, dark, set in an ocherous shade; this shade proceeds out- ward along costa to posterior line; orbicular a round white dot; reni- form a large white kidney-shaped ringlet; a broad oblique dark median shade; subterminal line pale; fringe checkered with pale. Secondaries of the color of primaries with discal dot and two dark wavy lines edged without with paler. Below costa of primaries with a testaceous shade, secondaries light grayish except at margin; dark discal ringlets on both wings and a common dark mesial line; a common submarginal pale wavy line. Expanse.—28 mm. E [Habitat.—Costa Rica. Type.—Cat. No. 9592, U.S.N.M. ARISTARIA AZTECALIS, new species. Light brown, slightly testaceous, the lines obsolete, powdery, bro- ken; the transverse anterior shows some powdery patches on both margins; reniform two smal] dots in aslightly paler area; subterminal line broken into yellowish dots in a narrow blackish cloudy border: terminal line crenulate, faint. Secondaries paler toward base; black- ish on outward border: a subterminal submaculate pale line. Below -— "No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 127 blackish outwardly; subterminal pale line repeated; a faint dark discal dot and mesial line on secondaries. Expainse.—35 wm. Hlabitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 9593, U.S.N.M. ARISTARIA STOLALIS, new species. Dark grayish brown; lines narrow, dark, denticulate; orbicular a minute yellow point; reniform pale, obscure; a median shade: subter- minal dark, with minute yellowish intravenular specks on the dentic- ulations; a terminal row of cusps with yellow specks in the concavi- ties. Secondaries dark, lighter on each side of the mesial line; a dark discal spot; a row of pale submarginal points. Below lines repeated as usual, the disk of secondaries lighter. Exrpanse.—25 mm. Habitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 9594, U.S.N.M. Genus RENIA Guenée. RENIA ORDENALIS, new species. Light brownish testaceous, lines obscure; median shade narrow, fairly distinct below; reniform of two superposed points; transverse posterior line excurved over cell, sharply indentate opposite middle of reniform, denticulate below, narrow, dark, a little expanded oppo- site cell; subterminal faintly indicated in dark scales; a terminal row of points. Secondaries paler toward base; a faint pale submarginal line. Below the lines repeated but faintly, the discal dot and mesial line dark, the submarginal line pale, showing only on the secondaries. Expanse.—26 mm. Habitat.—Saio Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9595, U.S.N.M. RENIA CACALIS, new species. Light testaceous brown; transverse anterior line narrow, dark, twice waved; orbicular a yellowish point; reniform a yellow lunule with a dark brown margin outwardly; posterior line crenulate-dentate; subterminal diffused, strongly waved, dark yellow, preceded by a dark red-brown shade and followed by a blackish which reaches margin on diseal nervules; a terminal row of black dashes. Secondaries a little paler at base; traces of a discal dot; two mesial and a submarginal dentate dark lines with a yellowish space between the last two; termen as on fore wings: Below the lines repeated in the usual manner, a discal dot on both wings and common pale dentate submarginal line. Expanse.—24 mm. Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. Type. —Cat. No. 9596, U.S.N.M. , a 128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, RENIA BIPUNCTALIS, new species. Size and markings of Aristaria aztecalis Schaus, but the antennal tuft farther out, being at about the 22d joint instead of the 16th, and the terminal joint of palpi not more than half as long. The lines are more distinct, the transverse anterior traceable, fine, dark; a broad dark median shade running to reniform; reniform of two dots in a yellowish space; posterior line coarsely denticulate, slender, dark. Expanse.—36 mm. Habitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 9597, U.S.N.M. Genus PALTHIS Hubner. PALTHIS GNOMA, new species. Primaries purplish brown; transverse anterior line visible below cell, very slender, black, straight, oblique, strongly angled on median vein; orbicular a round blackish dot; reniform a very faint pale ellipse; transverse posterior line oblique from outer fourth of costa to middle of inner margin, straight white, slender, narrowly black edged within, followed by a broad brown shade; subterminal line wavy, slender, brown; a fine terminal crenulate black line, followed by a pale line at base of fringe. Secondaries reddish brown, paler at base; a faint mesial pale line and marginal rufous dilution; a black crenulate ter- minal line. Below reddish suffused with a trace only of lines; ter- minal black lines repeated. Expanse.—25 mm. Habitat.—Sio Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9598, U.S.N.M. PALTHIS BERTHALIS, new species. Palpi upturned, the third joint very long, even, with a large hair pencil on the inner side. Head, thorax, and basal space of primaries dark brown; primaries pale yellowish to subterminal line, the marks obsolete, a trace of the median shade appearing: orbicular a black dot; reniform two superposed dots; transverse posterior line slender, brown, shortly followed by a brown shade, then a pale lilaceous white shade to subterminal, containing a round black spot subapically; terminal space yellowish brown; a terminal row of black dots. See- ondaries whitish with bands centrally; a short mesial brown discolora- tion with narrow dark line, followed by a longer marginal violaceous stripe, cut by a submarginal whitish line. Below pale testaceous, the subapical dark spot of primaries, discal dot, outer line and submar- ginal spottings of secondaries indicated in brown. Kxpanse.—22 mm. [labitat.—Saio Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9599, U.S.N.M. f No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 129 PALTHIS CALCALIS, new species. Outer margin of primaries with a prominent angle; purplish brown, dark, lines not well defined; transverse anterior dark wavy; a dark median shade; reniform a narrow reddish lunule with brown edge; subterminal line wavy, pale yellowish, broken; a terminal row of brownish dots. Secondaries pale at base, dark at margin; a mesial dark line, clouded; a submarginal pale line cutting the dark area. Below the disk of secondaries paler, the lines very faintly repeated, on the primaries the submarginal forming a row of reddish blotches, dis- tinct and enlarged opposite the subapical incision. Expanse.—23 mm. Habitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 9600, U.S.N.M. Genus MASTIGOPHORUS Poey. MASTIGOPHORUS PANDES, new species. Male palpi recurved, long enough to reach to end of abdomen. Dark purplish brown, lines blackish, not strongly relieved; transverse ante- rior shaded; median shade from reniform to margin; posterior slender, irregularly denticulate; subterminal irregular, broadly shaded inward; reniform a dot, orbicular a narrow lunule, both dark yellow; marginal dots small. Secondaries nearly as dark as primaries; discal dot round, blackish; mesial line dark; submarginal pale, cutting the darker mar- ginal area. Below the lines faintly repeated on a paler ground, espe- cially those of secondaries. Expanse.—28 mm. Habitat.—Jalapa, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 9601, U.S.N.M. MASTIGOPHORUS LINEATA, new species. Male palpi reflexed, long enough to reach to end of thorax. Dark brown; transverse posterior lines straight, white, darker edged with- out; two subapical blackish spots preceded by a slender whitish line, the remains of the obsolete subterminal; anterior line slender, pale, straight; reniform a narrow yellowish lunule; a terminal row of small dashes. Secondaries greyer with an outer pale line which defines a dark line from the marginal shade; it approaches the margin toward anal angle and is bent and intensified there with a brown dot in and one following the bend; a faint discal dot. Below primaries dark over disk with a dark outer and yellowish submarginal lines costally; see- ondaries white, brown irrorate; discal dot and broken mesial line dark. Expanse.—23 mm. Fabitat.—Jalapa, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 9602, U.S.N.M. Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06 +) 130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. Genus BATYMA, new genus. Palpi upturned, the second joint reaching vertex, the third long and slender, erect; legs moderate, slender, smoothly scaled. Hind wings with vein 5 distinct, from near lower angle of cell. BATYMA ONESALIS, new species. Outer margin with a sharp angle on both wings. Primaries angled in the middle sharply, but slightly; pale lilaceous brown, the space beyond posterior line solidly and contrastingly dark brown: transverse anterior line straight, oblique, defined by a darker outer edge, obso- lete on costa; a dark shade from base to middle of cell; orbicular pale, diffused; a narrow median shade below cell, parallel to anterior line; reniform a slender lunule, dark without, narrowly yellowish within; posterior line straight, pale, very narrowly brown edged within, defin- ing the dark marginal shade, which begins in a dark brown band fol- lowed by blackish spottings, then lilaceous brown to margin: a termi- nal crenulate black line joining spots; fringe interlined with yellowish and dark brown. Secondaries with a small angle near tornus: pale at base with a mesial:shaded brown line; outer margin broadly purplish shaded, although not solidly, limited inwardly by a dark shaded band between a faint yellowish outer mesial line and central traces of a brown denticulate submarginal one; fringe as on fore wings. Below both wings shaded in patches with rusty brown, the disk of primartes blackish, a dark discal lunule and shaded outer line; secondaries with outer and submarginal crenulate diffused dark lines. Expanse.—28 mm. Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9603, U.S.N.M. BATYMA FRANCALIS, new species. Primaries dark brown, washed with purplish white over basal, inner half of median and subterminal spaces; anterior line straight, dark; reniform an oblique, compressed, white ringlet, the pale color follow- ing from its apex nearly to apex of wing; posterior line narrow, pale, — waved; subterminal whitish, slightly wavy, forming the outer edge of — the pale subterminal space; a row of terminal dark dots; fringe uni- i formly dark. Secondaries brown; mesial line pale, dark edged within, — visible only on inner half; outer line vale, likewise abbreviated: termen and fringe as on fore wings. Expanse.—20 mm. Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9604, U.S.N.M. No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA UN. Ta Genus ILSEA, new genus. _ Antenne bipectinate; eyes large, naked; palpi upturned, the second joint erect, compressed, close-scaled, third about twice as long as wide, erect; hind tibie enlarged, with a long hair pencil. Hind wings with vein 5 from close to lower angle of cell, 3, 4 separated by an equal distance. ILSEA BORMIA, new species. Dark brown, the lines obliterate; orbicular an irregular white mark; reniform large, constricted, white ringed, pale brown filled; posterior line faintly shown, double, dark; subterminal blotched with white, dentate wavy, situated rather near the margin. Secondaries with the outer margin crenulate, colored like primaries; discal dot an irregular white mark, followed by a more brownish tint; faint double mesial and submarginal blackish bands, obsolete toward costa, the submar- ginal running to anal angle where it is rather distinct. Below diversi- fied, with whitish ground and dark irrorations; reddish shades about the white discal spots more contrasted than above; outer lines repeated, black, the subterminal of primaries blotched in white as above. Expanse.—30 mm. Habitat. — Petropolis, Brazil. Type.—-Cat. No. 9605, U.S.N.M. Genus COSCAGA, new genus. Antenne simple with long bristles; labial palpi upturned, third joint small; maxillary palpi long, porrect, four times as long as head, bearing a long hair pencil on inner side; legs long and slender with long spurs. Hind wing with vein 5 near lower angle of cell, 3 and 4 shortly stalked. COSCAGA ANGULATA, new species. Dark brown, the long pencil of palpi vellowish white. Primaries dark brown; anterior line slender, brown, arcuate, angled on sub- median; median shade very broad, sharply limited within, diffused without, dark brown; reniform two contiguous angled dark brown spots; posterior line slender, dentate-crenulate, breaking into a row of dots and an inner line; subterminal line strongly angled opposite the marginal excurve, pale, cloudy brown edged on both sides; terminal line faint, crenulate. Secondaries grayish brown with a faint dark arcuate mesial line. Below nearly immaculate, traces of lines only. Expanse.—27 mm. Habitat.—Jalapa, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 9606, U.S.N.M. 132 _ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. Genus OCALARIA, new genus. Antenne bipectinate, the tips simple; palpi very long, the second joint porrect, four times as long as head, the third joint slender, terete, as long as second joint; legs long and slender, spurs long. Wings rounded, hind wings with vein 5 from lower third of discocellulars. OCALARIA GUARANA, new species. Both wings broad and rounded; dark brown; a round black discal ocellus on primaries, white pupiled, rufous ringed, situated appar- ently between the orbicular and reniform, which are both absent; lines both broad, white, diffused and broken centrally, the posterior gently excurved over cell; subterminal wavy pale, narrow, and almost broken; an apical black ocellus, white pupiled, broadly rufous ringed; pale dots at base of fringe. Secondaries with pale reniform discal ringlet, mesial wavy and submarginal dentate whitish lines; fringe as on fore wings. Below powdered with pale, the markings repeated, including the two ocelli of fore wings. Expanse.—27 mm. Hahbitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9607, U.S.N.M. Genus NICETAS Druce. NICETAS PAULOSA, new species. Dark brown; ordinary lines nearly obsolete, denticulate; median shade faint and narrow; subterminal pale, wavy, and denticulate, in a darker clouding; orbicular a little pale dot in a black ring; reniform with the upper half absent, the lower half a rounded rufous spot with a smeared black edge; a row of minute terminal dots. Secondaries nearly the color of primaries and almost unmarked, the subterminal line showing faintly pale. Below the disk of hind wings lighter, the usual markings better relieved. Kxpanse.—36 mm. Hlabitat.—Saio Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9608, U.S.N.M. Genus HYPONEUMA, new genus. Eyes moderate, naked; palpi porrect, the second joint four times as long as head, tapering, third joint slender, down-curved, compressed, the pair divaricate; antenne with long cilia; legs moderately long with long spurs. Hind wing with vein 5 fairly strong, from middle of discocellulars. a No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. too HYPONEUMA LEUCANIOIDES, new species. ' Primaries square at apex; straw yellow, brownish shaded, lines obso- lete, the wing finely streaked with rows of brown scales longitudinally with a few black ones scattered between the veins; orbicular and reni- form small, black, elongate punctiform; an irregular row of black spots outwardly; terminal points black. Secondaries grayish tinted; a blackish discal dot and terminal points. Below blackish powdered especially on primaries, the marks of secondaries repeated more distinctly. Kxpanse.—32 mm. Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9609, U.S.N.M. Genus HYPENA Schrank. HYPENA ORONALIS, new species. Head and thorax dark brown. Abdomen and secondaries dull gray- brown. Primaries brown, strongly violaceous, and irrorated thinly with dark brown scales; inner line faint, darker brown, slightly curved; outer line fine, reddish brown, shaded with dark lilacine, angled beyond cell, then wavily oblique to inner margin, where it is outwardly edged with white; a white spot on it at vein 2; reniform lunular, dark lilacine; outer margin darker brown, obliquely limited from apex to vein 4; an indistinct row of subterminal black spots; a terminal dark line; fringe grey-black. No spots underneath. Hixpanse.—28 mm. Habitat.—Bolivia. Type.—Cat. No. 9610, U.S.N.M. Family PY RALID. Genus ARGYRACTIS Hampson. ARGYRACTIS CINERALIS, new specic Dark cinereous, the primaries uniform with but a trace of mark- ings; a whitish dilution near base, one centrally, and a faint diffused broadly sinuous outer line. Secondaries white, the margin cinereous; a grey discal lunule from which a mesial band runs to anal angle. Expanse.—Female, 25 mm. Habitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. Type.+-Cat. No. 9611, U.S.N.M. ARGYRACTIS GUADARENSIS, new species. Primaries nearly solidly suffused with grey on a whitish ground, the discal mark a narrow, somewhat oblique white lunule; a dull reddish shade on the middle of the inner margin curves over toward anal angle, 4] a 134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. inclosing a whitish washed space; a white subapical dash from costa directed toward margin; a submarginal line, white apically, metallic silvery below; terminal space filled in with yellow between these lines. Secondaries whitish in the submedian fold and anal margin, elsewhere suffused with grey; a large yellow extra discal patch; outer area with the usual dark speckling transformed into a brown nuclear band, retracted from the terminal marks by a pure white space; six subcon- fluent deep black marginal spots, separated by violaceous metallic scales on the inner side, joined by dark grey in the middle and divided by yellow specks at the margin. Expanse.—Female, 31 mm. Habitat. Guadalajara, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 9612, U.S.N.M. ARGYRACTIS HERMINALIS, new species. Primaries nearly solidly suffused with grey, the white ground appearing partially along the inner margin; a small white costal bar at middle; discal mark oblique, yellow, preceded and followed by scat- tered pale blue metallic scales; a large curved yellow mark before anal angle; a white subapical dash closely followed by a yellow line that curves inward below the end of the dash nearly to discal mark; subterminal line white above, silver grey below; terminal line yellow; fringe dark grey; some metallic blue scales near anal angle. See- ondaries grey suffused except in submedian folds and base of cell; a yellow extra-discal mark followed by a dark grey bar; then a line of pale blue metallic scales; then another yellow band, above which are two slender wavy dark lines running nearly to apex, separated by yel- lowish; a marginal brownish black band on upper half of outer mar- gin, cut into on its inner edge by irregular whitish spottings, but not divided into spots nor intensely black and not ornamented with metallic scales. Hxpanse.—Female, 24 min. Habitat.— Guadalajara, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 96138, U:S.N.M. + ARGYRACTIS JALAPALIS, new species. Very similar to A. guadarens/s Schaus, but only half the size. Pri- maries brown dusted on white, the markings the same as guadurensis except for a faint whitish bar at middle of wing on inner margin. Secondaries as in guvdarens/s, but the metallic bar has a more pearly, less bluish luster, and there is a greater infiltration of yellow in the subapical marking. Expanse.—Female, 17 mm. HTabitat.—Jalapa, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 9614, U.S.N.M. No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 135 ARGYRACTIS CYLOIALIS, new species. Very similar to A. guvdarensis Schaus, and of the same size. The primaries have a mesial whitish line across the wing, which is not defined in the type of guadarens/s, and there is a stronger infiltration of yellow in the outer portion of the wing, the yellow being also of a lighter tint; it is especially apparent in the light rounded area before tornus, where it forms a broad are. Secondaries as is guadarensis, with.the metallic band duplicated by scales outside the second yellow mark; more infiltration of yellow subapically; the marginal black spots more rounded and concrete, appearing as three rather large spots fused to an olivaceous black margin and half circled on the inner side by white, limited from the white area within by an irregular black lunular line. Expanse.—30 mm. Habitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 9615, U.S.N.M. ARGYRACTIS SINITALIS, new species. White, washed with grey-brown, the white predominating mesially; a slender wavy mesial white line across wing; discal mark outlined by two approximate brown cusps; submarginal line white, brown edged, very sinuous, nearly touching outer margin at lower third; marginal line yellow, preceded centrally by a white dash. Secondaries brown at base, a broad white shade mesially followed by brown; two dark streaks running to apex, the whole submarginal area with blackish irrorations; marginal black spots defined by metallic bluish scales, united by dark brown outwardly, set in a pale yellow field, which is limited inwardly by a slender black line. Expanse.—20 mm. Habitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 9617, U.S.N.M. Genus CATACLYSTA Hubner. CATACLYSTA JALISCALIS, new species. Primaries brownish grey; a nearly straight mesial white line; pre- ceded centrally by an orange-red patch; lower half of space beyond white powdered with brown; two conspicuous white costal dashes converging toward tornus, separated below by orange-red; a dash of this color obliquely inward from tornus, followed above by a short white shade which joins the inner dash; scattered metallic scales at tornus. Secondaries brown irrorate at base; an antemesial orange- red band; followed by a narrow white line with metallic scales on it; outer area, including the discal dot, thickly covered with black specks: a narrow, pure-white area before the round, black marginal 136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. spots which are large and joined outwardly by black with patches of metallic scales; only a trace of yellow color on the extreme margin. Expanse.—21 mm. Habitat.—Guadalajara, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 9616, U.S.N.M. CATACLYSTA ORIZABALIS, new species. Similar to Argyractis guadarensis Schaus and A. jalapalis Schaus. It is smaller than the former and differs in having the whitish mesial line visible for its lower half, the inner costal streak straighter and placed nearer the apex. It isa little larger than the latter, darker than the type specimen, but with the same markings. Expanse.—Female, 20 mm. Habitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 9618, U.S.N.M. CATACLYSTA SCARALIS, new species. Rich dark brown, bronzy shaded; a white subbasal dilution; a slen- der mesial white line, excurved above, followed by a white dilution on costa and above inner margin; a slender irregular white outer line, starting subapically, sending a loop to near outer margin at lower third, then returning close to costa and again returning obliquely to outer fourth of inner margin; a subterminal spotted white line; a black terminal line; fringes with small white spots. Secondaries dark brown, slight traces of a whitish submarginal line centrally. Body dark, a white band on the third abdominal segment. Expanse.—Female, 18 mm. Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9642, U.S.N.M. Genus OLIGOSTIGMA Guenée. OLIGOSTIGMA DUCALIS, new species. Body gray, the thorax whitish centrally with a dark stripe behind the collarand one at base of abdomen. Wings shining white; primaries with the costa gray-dusted; a broad brown-black stripe from base to apex, slightly narrowing; a similar slender stripe from before tornus parallel to outer margin, diminishing to a point before apex; a mar- ginal orange-red line; fringe dark. Secondaries with a dark band at base, another submarginally; terminal line as on fore wings, but broader, edged with black on both sides; three little black dots in the base of fringe subapically. Expanse.—20 mm. Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9619, U.S.N.M. No, 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. bot Genus CYMORIZA Guenée. CYMORIZA PAROALIS, new species. Ocherous, diluted to whitish next to the lines; subbasal line brown, wavy; an extra-basal brownish ocherous shade line; inner line brown, angled on subcostal, else straight; outer lines irregular, starting on costa at apical fourth roundedly excurved and retreating to reniform, which it outlines, then to inner margin, slightly inflexed below median vein; marginal line dark yellow, edged by a fine dark line which is preceded by a narrow white space. Secondaries with subbasal, outer mesial and submarginal brown lines, shading inward and defined out- wardly by paler shading; marginal ornamentation as on primaries. Expanse.—16 mm. FHabitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9620, U.S.N.M. CYMORIZA JONESALIS, new species. Primaries with a subapical excavation; shining white, marked with broad orange ocherous, brown-black edged bands which largely occupy the wing and leave the ground color to appear in spots as follows: three small ones in basal space, an anterior band narrowing to costa, a transverse elliptical spot in submedian space outwardly and one above it beyond cell, an outer half band from costa to median, a submarginal band. Secondaries with a strong subapical notch and a large one at anal angle, causing the angle to be retracted; marked as fore wings; white spaces, a basal band, furcate at margin, two mesial spots, the inner lunate, the outer semielliptical; two submarginal spots. the apical rounded triangular, the mesial lunate, fitted in between the subapical and anal incisions. tupanse.—19 mm. Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9643, U.S.N.M. Genus PARAPONYX Hitibner. PARAPONYX DIANALIS, new species. White; primaries with a brown dot on inner margin near base, a black dot on submedian farther out, two black dots for reniform with a brown one below; posterior line faint, brown, wavy; a brown shade subapically; a row of black cusps near the margin. Secondaries with blackish discal dot; a wavy mesial broken brown line; a brown patch subapically and at inner angle; a row of black cusps as on fore wing. Kxpanse.—17 mm. Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. Lype.—Cat. No. 9621, U.S.N.M. a 7 138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. Xxaas PARAPONYX PAULALIS, new species. White, shaded with brown before all the lines; basal space brown filled toward costa; a mesial brown line, angled on median, preceded by a white area, before which is a brown shade; reniform a white lunule outlined by two brown lines; posterior line indicated on costa and margin by a dark line; a broad brown suffused subterminal shade; a terminal yellow line, preceded by a narrow brown one; black ter- minal dots. Secondaries with vague brown bands near base, an irreg- ular mesial and gently curved outer, slender, brown lines; margin with a brown band containing some metallic scales and a narrow yellow terminal line with brown scales on the extreme margin. Kuxpanse.—18 mm. [Tabitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. Type.—-Cat. No. 9644, U.S.N.M. _ Genus AULACODES Guenée. AULACODES MORALIS, new species. White, shaded with yellowish brown; inner line white, angled on median, defined by yellowish within above and brown below without, the basal space containing a brown patch on inner margin; outer line irregular, narrow, white, starting on costa at apical fourth, running outward to subterminal line, then returning to costa around reniform and back again to inner margin near tornus, angled on submedian; the loop is outwardly filled with yellowish, a patch of black scales in place of the reniform; a yellow-brown subapical triangular spot; a submarginal white line, the margin yellow-brown with black terminal edge. Secondaries with two short mesial diffused bands; a broad sub- marginal band centrally with rounded ends; marginal band as on fore wings, the fringes white, interlined with a row of brown spots. Erpanse .—16 mm. Habitat.—Sio Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9645, U.S.N.M. AULACODES TEMPLALIS, new species. Primaries white, largely covered by the yellow-brown marks; base mottled with this color; inner line broad, brown, angled on median, joined by a bar to the outer line, which is likewise broad; it starts from costa at outer fourth, makes a loop around reniform, and curves to inner margin; subterminal line yellow-brown, dark edged, broad, hent in a compressed loop up to and including reniform; terminal line yellow, brown edged. Secondaries with two basal yellow-brown bars, inner and outer mesial brown bands rather widely separated, flexuous in opposite directions; a broad yellow band nearly fills the subterminal No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 139 space, brown edged, brown irrorate; terminal yellow line broad and containing four quadrate black spots with white pupils, running from the subapical incision to above anal angle; fringes dark. Kxpanse.—16 mm. Habitat —Castro, Parana, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9646, U.S.N.M. AULACODES CONFUSALIS, new species. With the pattern of markings of the preceding species and the fol- lowing differences: the brown markings are expanded, reducing the white areas to narrow lines; all the markings are broadly yellow cen- tered, reducing the brown to narrow bordering lines; the subterminal band in its upcurve to reniform is constricted, nearly defining a sep- arate reniform spot. On the secondaries the two mesial bands are brown and become confluent centrally; the marginal markings hardly differ in the two species. Expanse.—14 mm. FTabitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9647, U.S.N.M. AULACODES PAMPALIS, new species. Lustrous brown, yellowish tinted, nearly unicolorous; the lines can be traced faintly, whitish, narrow, with dark edges, occupying the positions of the white bands of the two preceding species, of which this is a further development in the same direction. Secondaries shaded in brown, leaving three whitish bands which correspond appar- ently to the edges of the dark lines of the other species, the third band being submarginal; a narrow marginal dull yellowish area with brown edge on each side, but without any development of ocellate spots. Expanse.—Female, 19 mm. Hahitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9648, U.S.N.M. Genus NYMPHULA Schrank. NYMPHULA FRANCISCALIS, new species. Primaries grey-brown, thickly dusted on a white ground that is completely obscured except to a lens; median area darker, limited by the mesial and outer lines white are obsolete, the outer forming a rather large outcurve over cell. Secondaries white, a marginal brownish line toward apex. Head and thorax of the color of fore Wings, white below the eyes. Expanse.—Female, 20 mm. Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9649, U.S.N.M. 140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX, Genus PARTHENODES Guenée. PARTHENODES BERTHALIS, new species. Ground color shining white; primaries shaded with brown along costa, before mesial line and in a submarginal band; inner line brown, slender, near base; mesial line narrow, blackish, broken, separated within by a narrow white space from a broad brown -shade-band; ouiter line reduced to a small oblique blackish bar on inner margin; reniform a brown ringlet; submarginal shade-band strongly angled inward on submedian; a marginal yellow line, narrowly edged with black. Secondaries with traces of mesial line and on the margin traces of black spots, which consist of four groups of black scales with a faint tint of yellowish about them, preceded and followed by a scattered line of black scales. Kxpanse.— Female, 22 mm. Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9650, U.S.N.M. Genus MACALLA Walker. MACALLA PARANENSIS, new species. Palpi and body creamy brown; primaries creamy brown on_ basal half with dark spot on costa and a few blackish dots below, dark brown outwardly; raised scales in cell light within, dark without; lines obsolete, the surface somewhat mottled, the submarginal showing as a series of light points on the veins, preceded and followed by slender black lines; a marginal black line; fringe light with dark checkerings. Hind wings whitish, the apex fuscous, traces of a submarginal line above; a marginal black line. Expanse.—Male, 32 mm. Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9622, U.S.N.M. MACALLA ALBESCENS, new species. Primaries greenish brown, irrorate with black scales; mesial line pale, running into a large white blotch on inner margin, with a broad brown-black shade before and a narrow black line beyond above the blotch; an oblique black discal bar; outer line wavy, pulverulent, ill defined, followed by a white shade; a terminal row of black dots. Secondaries white, stained with grey at apex and narrowly along outer margin for the upper half. Kxpanse.—35 mm. Habitat.— Type.—Cat. No. 9651, U.S.N.M. No, 1444. NEW SOUTH {MERICA N MOTHS—SCHAUS. 141 Genus JOCARA Walker. JOCARA APICALIS, new species. Olivaceous brown, rather dark; palpi and thorax luteous and dark brown shaded. Primaries squamose with diversified but ill-detined shades, reddish brown along center of inner margin; mesial line pale, diffused; outer line submarginal, rather distinct, pale, dark edged within, bluntly dentate outwardly, gently excurved over the lower discal nervules; a white blotch on outer margin at apex irrorate with reddish scales; a row of black terminal dashes; fringe lighter above at the blotch. Hind wings whitish, soiled grayish, relieving a pale sub- marginal line which retreats inward subapically; costa and apex darkly shaded; a black marginal line; fringe, especially along inner margin, roseate tinted. Expanse.—Female, 31 mm. Habitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 96238, U.S.N.M. Genus DEUTEROLLYTA Lederer. DEUTEROLLYTA PAGIROA, new species. Thorax dark gray with whitish scales intermixed, palpi and antennal process shaded with luteous; primaries luteous, broadly so along inner margin, shaded with olivaceous brown centrally except along costa in mesial space; a pale speck in cell and slight dark discal dot; sub- marginal line finely dentate, pale, retreating from margin apically; a terminal row of black dashes. Secondaries whitish, apex broadly dark grey, running along outer margin narrowly; blackish points on the veins submarginally centrally. Haepanse.—29 mm. - Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9652, U.S.N.M. Genus PYRALIS Sehrank. PYRALIS GARALIS, new species. Head and thorax dark brown; primaries luteous brown, irrorate with dark; inner line dark, angled on submedian and vein 1, obsolete above; a black point for orbicular; a round dark spot for reniform, slightly kidney shaped; outer line wavy above, slightly excurved over cell, incurved below, incised on submedian and excised on vein 1; a terminal row of dark dashes. Secondaries subpellucid, grayish lute- ous, shading darksat apex; traces of an outer line; terminal dashes as on fore wings but fainter. Expanse.—20 mm. Fabitat.—Sio Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 9624, U.S.N.M. DESCRIPTIONS OF SIX NEW SPECIES OF FISHES FROM JAPAN. : By Davip Srarr JORDAN and ALVIN SEALE, Of Stanford University, California. The species noted in the present paper were obtained in Japan in 1900, by Professors Jordan and Snyder. The accompanying drawings are the work of Mr. William 3. Atkinson. Family CYPRINIDZ. PHOXINUS SEPTENTRIONALIS Jordan and Seale, new species. Head, 3.75 in length (without caudal); depth, 4.50; eye, 3.50 in head; snout, 3.50; D. 9; A. 11; interorbital area, 3, wider than eye; scales about 70. Teeth, 2. 5. Body oblong, moderately compressed; snout evenly rounded; depth of caucal peduncle, 3 in head; mouth small, with thin lips: no barbels; FIG, 1,.—PHOXINUS SEPTENTRIONALIS. maxillary scarcely reaching front of eye; gill-rakers short and flat, 8 on lower limb; lateral line extending abruptly downward and _ back- ward to above middle of pectoral, ceasing near the middle of body. Origin of dorsal midway between front of eye and base of caudal, the longest ray, 1.50 in head; ventrals inserted under front of dorsal; pectoral equal to postorbital part of head; caudal forked, 1.20 in head. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No. 1445. 144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX; Color, in spirits, yellowish white; a narrow but distinct dark line on. side from middle of caudal anteriorly to first third of body; fins all pale. , Twelve specimens of this minnow were obtained in a small stream at Acmori, in northern Japan. Length, 1.70 inches. Type.—Cat. No. 58411, U.S.N.M. Cotypes.—No. 9257, Stanford University. LEUCISCUS CAZERULESCENS Sauvage. Of this species, originally described from Lake Biwa, we have two examples from Kawatana, near Nagasaki. These were overlooked in the review of Japanese Cyprinide by Jordan and Fowler.“ RHODEUS ORYZ£ Jordan and Seale, new species. Head, 3.75 in length (without caudal); depth, 2.50; eye, 2.75 in head; D. 10; A. 12; pharyngeal teeth, 5, hooked; scales, 11-32; lateral line sloping downward and backward to above or somewhat behind ven- trals, where it ceases. Body deep, compressed; snout short, shorter than eye, which is egual to interorbital width; mouth small, the maxillary not reaching Fic, 2.—RHODEUS ORYZ®. front of eye, its tip with a distinct barbel; scales firm; front of dorsal nearer snout than base of caudal; ventrals below tip of pectoral, which is 1.35 in head; caudal about equal to head. Color, in spirits, yellowish; the margins of the scales above, slightly darker; a dark stripe from nuchal region to front of dorsal; a golden shade on opercle; fins yellowish, unmarked. Seven specimens, the largest an inch long, were taken in a ditch in a rice field at Kawatana, northwest of Nagasaki, in the island of Kiu- siu, in Japan. It is found in company with the small Cyprinodont, Aplocheilus latipes, which it somewhat resembles. This species is «Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., XX VI, 1903, p. 846. No.1445. = NEW FISHES FROM JAPAN—JORDAN AND SEALE. 145 related to the Chinese 2?hodeus ocellatus, and both seem to belong to the European genus, Rhodeus. Type.—Cat. No. 53412, U.S.N.M. Cotypes. —No. 9258, Stanford University. SAYONARA Jordan and Seale, new genus. The genus Sayonara is related to Anthias, and may be thus char- acterized: Body robust, covered with ciliated scales; lateral line complete, running high, its tubules simple; maxillary and jaws scaly; no supple- mental maxillary; no teeth on pterygoids or tongue; preopercle ser- rated, without plectroid spines; gill-rakers short; dorsal notched, the spines ten, all low, first and last short; no filamentous rays; pectorals long, unsymmetrical, the rays branched; ventrals slightly before pec- torals; caudal fin convex. Q/ 2 Sayonara satsume. Type. SAYONARA SATSUM£ Jordan and Seale, new species. Head, 2.30 in length (to base of caudal); depth, 2.80; eye, 4.80 in head; snout, 4; D. X, 15; A. III, 7; scales, 33. Body rather short, not greatly compressed; depth of caudal pedun- Le AE j RS Fi SN ia NNANNSANN NINA 5 Ky RY NN AN) LX) d OD PS ne Y Z cas 4 te hs wet BS 4 E> tx) Di ee d ITP se eeea Bae SD Q2> C SS SSS Fic, 3.—SAYONARA SATSUM®. ‘ele 2.90 in head; mouth large, the maxillary extending to below pos- ‘terior margin of eye, its distal breadth 1.50 in eye; minute teeth on jaws, vomer, palatines, none on pterygoids or tongue; upper jaw ‘with four enlarged teeth; gill-rakers short‘and blunt, 7+ 10, the five outermost, above and below, rudimentary; maxillary, lower jaw, and ‘forehead scaly; no supplemental maxillary bone; preopercle and ‘lower margin of interopercle and preopercle evenly serrated; no plectroid spines on preopercle; opercle with three short, flat spines, scales large, ciliated, equidistant, the middle one largest, lateral line complete, running high; tubules short, simple. Soft rays scaly at base. Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——10 . 146 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. Front of spinous dorsal slightly in advance of pectorals, the spines low; the third slightly longest, 3.75, in bead; the fourth and fifth similar, the others gradually shorter to the tenth, the higher eleventh being a soft ray; soft dorsal highez, tne longest ray, 2.10 in head; base of soft dorsal, 1.75 in head; longest anal ray, 2.30 in head, its base, 1.25 in the longest ray; second anal spine the longest and strongest, slightly greater than length of snout; pectoral very long, unsymmetri- cal, its lower rays extending to middle of anal, 1.20 in head; the rays branched; origin of ventrals slightly before upper axil of pectorals, their tip reaching nearly to vent, their length, 1.70 in head; caudal rounded, 1.60 in head. Color, evidently bright red in life. In spirits, yellowish white, with about three very indistinct whitish longitudinal stripes on side; fins pale, unmarked. One specimen, 6.25 inches long, No. 9259 Stanford University, was taken at Yamagawa, in the province of Satsuma, near Kagoshima, by Dr. Kakichi Mitsukuri, by whom it was presented to Stanford University. STELGISTRUM MORORANE Jordan and Seale, new species. Head, 2.75 in length (without caudal); depth, 4; eye, 3.50 in head; D. [X—-16; A. LL; seales 38; a row of about 28 modified toothed scales along base of dorsals, Head large; snout pointed, equal to eye; mouth rather large, the f ye ek peers re FIG. 4.—STELGISTRUM MORORANE, maxillary extending to below posterior third of eye; jaws even; bands of minute teeth on jaws and yvomer, none on palatines; preopercle with 4 rather small spines, the upper and longest curved upward, the second directed backward, the others downward and forward; opercle roughened but unarmed; four large pores on under jaw; gill-rakers reduced to blunt, prickly processes, 7 on lower limb; mucous pores about eye large and distinct; head roughened with small prickles. : ae: NEW FISHES FROM JAPAN—JORDAN AND SEALE. 147 _ Origin of dorsal above axil of pectoral; fourth dorsal spine longest, 9.75 in head; pectoral, 1.30 in head; ventrals slightly before pectorals, 2 in head; caudal, 1.75 in head. Color, in spirits, yellowish white, with three wide brown bands which extend over back and obliquely forward on sides; a dusky blotch at base of caudal; a distinct brownish blotch on lower part of hase of pectoral; fins uniform pale. ~ One specimen, 1.25 inches long, No. 9260, Stanford University, was dredged in the harbor of Mororan, island of Hokkaido. RHINOGOBIUS NAGOY 4 Jordan and Seale, new species. Head, 3 in length (without caudal); depth, 6.20; eye, 5 in head; D. VI-9; A. 10; scales 35. Body moderately elongate, compressed; depth of caudal peduncle, 2.85 in head; snout, 2.75 in head, rather rounded and depressed; depth of head, through pupil 2.40 in its length; greatest width, 1.50; FIG, 5.—RHINOGOBIUS NAGOY &. cheeks and opercles naked; nuchal region naked; interorbital space narrow about twice pupil; mouth large, the maxillary reaching front of orbit; jaws with three rows of short curved teeth; tongue rounded; gillrakers short and thick, 10 on lower limb; dorsal with the first four spines elongate and filiform, the longest, 1.10 in head; posterior vays of soft dorsal longest, 1.50 in head; longest anal ray, 1.75; pec- toral, 1.30 in head, none of the rays silk like; ventrals, 2.20 in head; caudal rounded, 1.50 in head. ; Color, in spirits yellowish, with about 5 rather indistinct vertical brown bars wider than the interspaces; two lines at base of pectoral; spinous dorsal slightly clouded with bluish; soft dorsal with four lon- gitudinal stripes; caudal with 8 vertical brown bars, the one at base shorter, wider, and darker colored than the others; anal white, clouded with bluish, pectoral and ventral white. One specimen, 2.55: inches-long, No. 9262, Stanford University, was sent from Nagoya, Japan, by Professor Keinosuke Otaki. 148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. CALLIONYMUS KITAHAR£ Jordan and Seale, new species. Head, 3.55 in length (without caudal); depth, 9; eye, 2.50 in head; D. IV-9; A. 9; snout, 3 in head. Preopercular spine with four curved hooks on upper side, and a spine turned downward and forward at base; distance from tip to tip of preopercular spines equal to length of head; depth of head equal to diameter of orbit; head pointed anteriorly; mouth small, with small teeth; gill-opening a small aperture at upper edge of opercle. Dorsal spines low, the first or longest scarcely greater than eye, the _ Fic, 6.—CALLIONYMUS KITAHAR®. tin triangular in form, the other spines gradually shortened; pectoral 1.40 in head; ventrals., 1.50 in head; caudal pointed, 1.10 in head. Color, in spirits, uniform slaty brown, a shade paler on nuchal region; fins colored like the body. A single specimen, No. 9261, Stanford University, 1.50 inches long, was taken in the harbor of Nagasaki. It resembles Ca///onymus ben- itegur’, but seems to be distinct. It is named for Mr. T. Kitahara, of the Imperial Bureau of Fisheries. NEW AMERICAN PALEOZOIC OSTRACODA. NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF UPPER CARBONIFEROUS GENERA AND SPECIES. By Epwarp O. ULrRicu,¢ Geologist, U. S. Geological Surver « bf © ‘wo? And Ray S. BassLER, Assistant Curator, Department of Geology. } } i gy The first article of this series of papers was published by Mr. Ulrich in 1900,’ when species of Ctenobolbina and Airkbya were described. Since that time Mr. Bassler has joined Mr. Ulrich in the study of these organisms and they now hope to publish papers upon this sub- ject more frequently. Their aim in these papers will be to publish illustrations and descriptions of new families, genera and species, as well as notes upon those already established, leaving the classification and definition of the higher groups until a future time, when the fossil ostracoda can be made the subject of a monograph. All of the speci- mens figured in this article are in the collections of the United States National Museum. Superorder OSTRACODA. Family LEPERDITELLIDA, new family. Genus PARAPARCHITES, new genus. Leperditia (part) of authors. Carapace small, 1 mm. to 2 mm. in length, leperditoid or subovate ‘in shape; surface smooth, sometimes with a small tubercle or spine in antero-cardinal third of each valve; right valve with ventral edge rab- ‘beted so as to slightly overlap the simply beveled edge of the left valve; dorsal edges of valves usually unequal, the left slightly the “Published by permission of the Director of the U. 8. Geological Survey. Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX, 1900, pp. 179-185. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXX—NoO. 1446. 149 ~ 150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. XXX. more prominent ay panirende: over lapping the right or receiving its edge in a shallow groove. Type of genus. — Paraparchites humerosus, new species. This genus is established for the reception of the majority of the Carboniferous and Devonian ostracoda that hitherto have been referred to the genus Leperditia. The writers, however, are satisfied that the genetic relations of these species are not with the Ordovician and Silurian types of Leperditia, but rather with the group of species for which Jones proposed the name Aparchites. True species of Leperditia always attain a much greater size and their tests have a characteristically black color that is never present in the group of species for which the name Paraparchites is here proposed. The lat- ter are further distinguished from Leperditia by the character of the ventral overlap of the valves, which is not simple but effected by means of a groove in the edge of the right valve into which the | beveled edge of the left valve is received. The relation of the dorsal edges of the valves is also different in the two groups of species, the edges meeting evenly in Leperditia while in Paraparchites the back of | the left valve commonly projects more or less beyond that of the right valve, and in most cases contains a groove just over the straight hinge line into which the edge of the right valve is inserted. As expressed above and indicated by the proposed name, Parapar-— chites is regarded as closely related to and probably derived from — Aparchites. In the latter, however, the ventral edges of the valves meet without appreciable, or, at any rate, constant overlap, and it is — this difference that is chiefly relied on in distinguishing the two- genera. Otherwise the general aspect of the carapace is very similar in the two groups of species, the shape and size being about the same, while the dorsal inequality of the valves is at least simulated in certain — Ordovician species of Aparchites (e. g., A. elliptica Ulrich). I ‘araparchites is doubtless closely related also to Leperditella, an . Ordovician genus, the pr incipal difference now recognized being that the ventral overlap i is reversed in the two genera, the right valve over-_ lapping in the former and the left in the latter. The inter-relations — of these two genera and Aparchites are intimate, while their alliances” with other types of ostracoda are such as to indicate a distinct family with characteristics that in a considerable degree at least are interme-— diate between those of the Leperditiidee and the Beyrichiide. Like | the latter family, the Leperditellide, as the new family may be called, — were probably derived from some early Ordovician member or mem-— bers of the Leperditiide, but the general or average expression of the new family is more like that of the simple types of the Beyrichiide. In the opinion of the writers, further, the peculiar late Paleozoic to | recent genus Cytherella was derived from Paraparchites or some related genus, and hence from the Leperditellide. : | no. 1446. NEW PALEOZOIC OSTRACODA—ULRICH AND BASSLER. 151 PARAPARCHITES HUMEROSUS, new species Plate XI, figs. 1-4. Length of large example, 1.8 mm.; height of same, 1.25 mm.; thick- ness of same, 1.05 mm. Carapace subovate, with the outline slightly angulated in the antero-dorsal region; surface rather strongly convex, with greatest thickness near middle of valves. Left valve with dorsal edge straighter than in right valve, the edge in the latter being con- vex in outline and thickened so that it projects above the hinge fine of the left valve. Ventral edge of carapace thick and sligntly chan- neled on each side of the constant line between the valves. This species is distinguished from all known American Carboniferous species referable to this genus, and from those from British rocks described by Jones and Kirkby as of Leperditia, except their LZ. com- pressa, in the more ovate outline of its carapace. The valves of Z. com- pressa, however, are much less convex, especially in the middle parts, so that its carapace presents a very different outline in edge views when compared with the comparatively evenly convex profiles pre- sented in corresponding views of 7. subovata. In all the other Car- boniferous Leperditiide the dorsal line is straighter and one or both of the dorsal angies much better detined. On account of the thickening of the dorsal edge of the right valve and the rounding of the outline thereby produced, this valve may be mistaken for valves of Cytherella like C. richteriana Jones and Kirkby and CU. inflata Jones and Kirkby. Formation and locality.— Abundant in the Elendale formation, Man- hattan, Kansas, and in yellow shales of the Wreford limestone, 6 miles west of Reece, Kansas. The species occurs also in forms gener- ally a little inferior in size to the Manhattan specimens, very abun- dantly in the Permo-Carboniferous deposits of Texas, notably in certain dark shaly limestone, on Mustang Creek, east of Ballinger. Cotypes.—Cat. Nos. 35627, 35657, U.S.N.M. NOTES ON CARBONIFEROUS BEYRICHIIDH AND KIRKBYID. The Carboniferous ostracoda that have been referred by authors to the genus Beyrichia are divisible primarily into two unequal groups. One of these, which of the two accords the more nearly with the Silurian genotypes of the genus, has equal valves; the other, which contains more species, has unequal valves, the left being the larger. The first group embraces species like 2.? radiata Jones and Kirkby, an American example of which is here figured. In this and the other species of this group, the surface of each valve presents but two rounded nodes, one larger than the other. The smaller node is situ- {| e . . ated behind the median sulcus and well down toward the base of the dorsal half of the valve. The larger node is placed more or less in 152 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. front of the center of the valve and generally its base extends farther up toward the dorsal edge and not infrequently reaches it. Strictly speaking, these bituberculated species are not congeneric with the original Silurian types of Beyrichia. The latter have three nodes or lobes—a central one, usually the smallest and corresponding to the posterior (smaller) node in these Carboniferous species, a larger anterior lobe, and a posterior one that, like the anterior lobe, is gen- erally developed into an incurving ridge. This posterior node is not developed in the bituberculated group of species in question, and as this group contains many species and represents a well-marked stage in the development of the Beyrichiide, a distinct generic arrange- ment seems advisable. However, on account of the present uncer- tainty respecting the limits of such related and not well-established gen- era as Beyrichiopsis, Beyrichiclla, and Synaphe, and, more especially, because it may become desirable to modify the definition of the simi- larly bituberculated genus U//richia so that it shall include them, it is deemed advisable to defer proposing a new genus until comparisons now in progress may be completed. It may be well to mention also that the writers have in manuscript descriptions of two late Silurian species from Maryland, having unquestionable affinities to Beyrichia, in which the lobation of the valves is reduced to two small, ill-defined, subcentral swellings situated on either side of a well-developed primi- tian sulcus. Though variable in what are usually to be regarded as important respects, the next following species, which belongs to the larger, inequivalved group, still seems to conform in essential particulars to the British species upon which Jones and Kirkby founded not only one but three genera, namely, Beyrichiopsis,¢ Beyrichellay? and Synaphe. Besides, a number of species that can scarcely be distin- guished generically from either Beyrichiella or Synaphe are described by the same authors as true Beyrichiz. Careful comparisons show that the permanent as well as the variable features of the lobation of the valves is so nearly the same in all these inequivalved forms that the present writers are inclined to doubt the necessity of more than two, instead of four, distinct genera. Indeed, if the whole assemblage were referred to a single comprehensive genus, with perhaps two or three subgenera, the arrangement would have advantages over the present classification. If the latter suggestion were adopted, Beyr/- chiella would be the main genus, Synaphe would drop out as a syno- nym, and Leyrichiopsis would be the subgeneric designation for the fringed species. A second subgenus, if found desirable, might then bTdem, p. 438. “Carboniferous Ostracoda from Ireland, Sci. Trans. Roy. Dublin Soe. (2), VI, 1896, p. 190. no. 1446. NEW PALEOZOIC OSTRACODA—ULRICH AND BASSLER. 1538 and Kirkby is one extreme, and Beyrichiella bolliaformés Ulrich and Bassler is the other. The recognition of Synaphe as a synonym of Beyrichiella simplifies the nomenclature of the Ostracoda, since this name has been used previously for a genus of Coleoptera” and again for a genus of Lepi- doptera.? Cossman in 1899° proposed the new name Avrkbyia to replace Synaphe Jones and Kirkby, thereby adding to the confusion since the two names Avrkbyia Cossman and Avrkbya Jones are prac- tically identical. It is to be regretted that reviewers who are always on the lookout to supplant old names with coinages of their own can not take the time to go into the subject at least thoroughly enough to spare the student further trouble. In all these unequivalved Carboniferous Beyrichiide the lobation is, as has, been stated, essentially the same. Normally it consists of a rather constant round node situated behind (according to Jones and Kirkby’s orientation of the valves it would be in front of “) the median sulcus and a larger lobe situated on the other side of the sulcus and generally nearer the dorsal edge. ‘These nodes are susceptible to con- siderable variation, not only in different species, but also among individuals of one and the same species. In the most simple types, considered either as species or individuals, the valves resemble Primitia, they being marked by nothing further than a median dorsal sulcus. That they have no true relation to Primitia, however, is shown at once by the fact that the Carboniferous types in question have unequal valves, in which feature they agree with contempo- raneous lobate forms whose alliances with /rimitia are therefore obviously remote. In less simply constructed valves the postmedian lobe is separated by a more or less impressed vertical sulcus from the broader swelling that occupies the greater part of the posterior half in the most simple types. In the further differentiation of the surface contour of the valves the antero-median lobe is similarly separated. These separa- tions are faintly indicated in figure 18 on Plate XI, which represents about the maximum of lobation attained in B. gregaria. In the very a «Synaphe J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb., 1864, p. 60. >Synaphe Jacob Huebner, Verzeichness bekannter Schmetterlinge, 1816, p. 347. ¢ Kirkbyia Cossman, Reyue Critique de Paleozoologie, III, 1899, p. 45. ‘‘ Synaphe Kirkby 1897. Crust. Triple emploi avec Synaphe Hubn. Lepid. 1816, et Thoms. Coleopt. 1864, sans compter deux Synapha ou Sinapha. Je propose de le remplacer par Kirkbyia, Cossman.’’ @Jones and Kirkby seem to have relied uniformly upon the relative thickness of the ends of the carapace in deciding which is the right and which the left valve, the thicker end being always called the posterior. The present writers, on the contrary, seek to identify corresponding nodes in related genera and species, and thereby hope to attain, first, consistent orientation, and, finally, a more natural classification of the Beyrichiidee. 154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. similar British species, Be yrichia areuate (Bean) Jones and Kirkby, the large anterior lobe seems never to be divided, but in certain other forms found in the Carboniferous rocks of England, notably Ley- richia fastigiata Jones and Kirkby and 2. fodicata Jones and Kirkby, the lateral sulci are deeper,-and in the latter of the two species men- tioned the separation and definition of the dorsal lobes reached an extreme stage. Perhaps an even greater degree of contour differentia- tion is shown in Jones and Kirkby’s Beyrichia tuberculospinosa, in which the ventral swelling that is usually a conspicuous feature in these Carboniferous Beyrichiide is broken up into three sharply defined nodes. These various modifications of surface contour often remind strongly of very diverse earlier Paleozoic generic types. The resemblance of the simplest forms to Prim/tia has been mentioned already. Those in the next stage, like Beyrichia arcuata (as figured by Jones and ~ Kirkby), 2B. craterigera Brady, Beyrichiopsis simplex Jones and Kirkby, and Beyrichiella gregaria Ulrich and Bassler, are strikingly like Aledenia; and the seeming importance of this resemblance in lobation is heightened by the fact that both have similarly unequal valves. Fortunately, however, in the true Kleedeniex it is the right valve that overlaps the ventral edge of the left, while in these Car- boniferous forms the opposite is the case. Another type, described — here as Beyrichiella bolliaformis, is singularly like certain Ordovician and Silurian species of Bollia (e. g., B. pumila Ulrich); but, like the other Carboniferous species under consideration, this has unequal ‘alves, a condition that does not occur in a true Gollia. Further, — while in the earlier Paleozoic Bolliz the diagnostic ‘t loop” is a very constant feature, comparisons of numerous examples of the Beyrichi- ella show that the loop which connects the nodes in this species is most variable and in some instances is not to be distinguished at all. How to explain these seeming diverse alliances is no easy matter. — Still it is believed the explanation lies in the fact that the Beyrichiide — had entered the period of their extinction in Carboniferous times. — Under such conditions it is reasonable to assume that the type was undergoing degeneration, and that this took place in the usual manner. It may be suggested, therefore, that the resemblances to earlier stages in the development of the family above noted were occasioned by reversion or by arrested development, whereby former immature stages were retained through the adult stages, and thus became the permanent specific and perhaps generic characteristics of the respective types. Whether all the inequivalved Carboniferous Beyrichiidz were — derived from one or two survivals of the earlier types of the family, — or whether the suggested reversions affected similarly many such sur- vivals, isa point that it may not be possible to determine satisfactorily. Still it is believed that careful comparisons between the Devonian and Jarboniferous representatives of the family will throw much light upon” ae No. 1446. NEW PALEOZOIC OSTRACODA—ULRICH AND BASSLER. 155 the matter, and it is hoped that such studies may finally result in a satisfactory classification of the species. The relations of the Carboniferous Beyrichiide under consideration to Airkbya are more apparent than real. At the best they rest on resemblances exhibited by what may be justly regarded as aberrant species of Avrkbya (e g., A. tricollina), or by species whose true characters and generic alliances have been misinterpreted. A. annec- tens of Jones and Kirkby (1866) is sucha species. In 1896, however, the same authors made it the type of anew genus. Recognizing the resemblance shown by A. annectens to such widely different types as Primitia, Kirkbya, Ulrichia, Drepanella, and Beyrichiopsis, they proposed to distinguish it under a name ‘‘indicative of its connective character, viz, Synaphe.” The studies of the present writers tend, in the manner already set forth, to support the observations of the British authors except that part which refers to the alliance of Synaphe with kirkbya. The latter genus, namely, seems not to be genetically rela- ted to Synaphe, representing, in the writers’ opinion, a distinct family that was distinguished nearly or quite as early as the true Beyrichiide. The Kirkbyidz, as the family may be called, had its inception in such early Ordovician ostracoda as Macronotella. Other Ordovician and Silurian genera that should be referred to the new family are Moorea and Placentula. As to the genus Avrkbya, as now understood, it doubtless is suscep- tible of subdivision, if indeed it may not be divided into two and per- haps three equally good generic groups. Restricting the genus to species conforming in general shape and markings to the genotype XK. permiana Jones—a species of which in passing it may be remarked is much like the Ordovician MJacronotella—it is evident that the trino- date forms, such as A. ¢rzcollina Jones and Kirkby and A’ centronata of the present paper, are worthy of a separate generic designation. These nodate forms at first sight suggest intimate generic relations to Beyrichiide, but it seems to the writers as more likely to be a case of mere similarity in final development. However, pending the conclu- sion of the detailed comparisons now in progress, it has seemed advis- able to defer the suggested restriction of the genus to a more fitting opportunity. Finally, of all the Paleozoic ostracoda, the Kirkbyide only seem to afford the stock from which the great family Cytheride might have been derived. Several Silurian species have been referred to Cythere by Jones, but it seems highly improbable that any of these is strictly referable to that genus. The same might be said of certain Carbonif- —erous species described by Jones and Kirkby. Cythere ? haworthi otf this article is one ofthree species in the United States National Museum that nearly fill the requirements. Though rather obviously allied to Kirkbyide, they are most probably Cytheride, but whether true Cythere can not be decided now. 156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. Family BEYRICHIID 2. Genus BEYRICHIA McCoy. BEYRICHIA ? RADIATA Jones and Kirkby. Plate XI, fig. 5. Beyrichia radiata Jones and Kirksy, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), X VIII, 1860, p. 257, pl. vin, figs. 1, 2a, 2b. Length 1.06 mm., greatest height 0.67 mm., greatest thickness about 0.5 mm. Valves somewhat oblique, hinge line long and straight, anterior end rounded and denticulate, posterior margin obliquely truncate, surface of valves with two rounded tubercules situated on the dorsal half, one on either side of a central depression, the anterior tubercule much larger than the posterior one. Small papille arranged somewhat scatteringly over the entire surface. A wide free rim or flange, often marked more or less obscurely with radiating lines, overhangs the ventral and posterior borders of the valves. Usually this rim is delicate and nearly flat, but with age it thickens and sometimes, as in the specimen illustrated, the postventral part presents a swollen appearance. The Kansas specimens referred to this species differ in no essential respect from some of the British examples figured by Jones and Kirkby. In the specimen here figured the radial lines on the flange are very obscure, but this condition is satisfactorily accounted for by the obviously senile state of the example. Formation and locality.—Cottonwood shales, 2 miles east of Cotton- wood Falls, Kansas. Plesiotype.—Cat. No. 35633, U.S.N.M. BEYRICHIA ? EMACIATA, new species. Plate XI, fig. 6. . Length 1.10 mm., height 0.68 mm. Size, shape, and general expression about as in B. 7 radiata, but has an emaciated look, the surface of the valves between the nodes being more sunken and the ventral portion much less tumid though ridged. A short, vertical curved ridge in the post-dorsal angle and a rim-like border along the straight back and anterior end. The flange or frill, which is bent outward at the edge, is not so wide as in B.? radiata. Surface finely punctate. With only separated valves adhering to shale it was not possible to decide whether they are equal or overlapping. If equivalved, the species belongs to the same genus as £2.? radiata; if inequivalved, then it would be an unusual form of either Beyrichiella or Beyrichi- No. 1446. NEW PALEOZOIC OSTRACODA—ULRICH AND BASSLER. 157 opsis. ‘The former condition is regarded as the more likely to prove true. Unless it is the same as White and St. John’s Beyrichia fotoidea, which the writers have so far failed to identify, none of the known American species are sufficiently like 6.7? emaciata to be easily mis- taken for it. It is quite distinct also from all of the British species described by Jones and Kirkby. Formation and locality.—Yellow shales in the Wreford limestone, 6 miles west of Reece, Kansas. Holotype.—Cat. No. 35632, U.S.N.M. Genus BEYRICHIELLA ‘ones and Kirkby. BEYRICHIELLA GREGARIA, new species. Plate XI, fig. 18. Length 0.95 mm., height 0.58 mm. Valves subelliptical in outline, the hinge line nearly straight and equaling in length about four-fifths of the longest diameter of the carapace, the cardinal extremities rather obtusely angular, the two ends subequal and rounding regularly into the ventral margin. The latter part of the outline varies in different specimens, being dis- tinctly convex in some (as in the figured example) and quite straight in the middle third in others. Except the portion of the main verti- eal sulcus, which is well marked and located a little behind the center of the dorsal half, the surface markings exhibit considerable variation. The sulcus may be narrow with a broad swelling on either side, as in the figured specimen, or it may be wider, the increase being at the expense of the smaller (posterior) swelling. In the former case the posterior lobe is commonly divided medially by a faint vertical sulcus, the two sulci and two intervening nodes giving an appearance that reminds us of the Silurian genus A/@denia. The large anterior lobe rises abruptly from the median sulcus and is always the most promi- nent part of the valve. Usually a small spine, occasionally of larger size than in the figure, rises from the antero-dorsal slope, while a faint vertical sulcus is sometimes distinguishable just behind the spine. A large, ill-defined, longitudinal swelling generally occupies the lower middle part of the valves, while beneath this a more or less obscure depression sets off a ventral marginal flattening or flange. This mar- _ ginal flange increases in width with age, young examples which then _ expose the denticulated contact edge of the valve, being without it. Although entire specimens have not been seen, the characters of the separated valves leave no doubt that the left valve is the larger and overlaps the ventral edge of the right. No American species with which this might be confused has been described. Compared with British species only Beyrichia? arcuata (Bean), as figured by Jones and Kirkby, seems near enough to require > 158 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. care in descriminating between them. &. gregaria is proportionally higher, the anterior end especially being. wider. The lobing of the valves seems to be rather more variable in the Kansas species, while no mention of the antero-dorsal spine is to be found in descriptions of B.? arcuata. Formation and locality.—Extremely abundant on bedding planes of clayey limestone bands of the Upper Carboniferous at Kansas City, Missouri. Holotype.—Cat. No. 35625, U.S.N.M. BEYRICHIELLA BOLLIAFORMIS, new species. Plate XI, figs. 7, 8. Length 0.87 mm., height 0.52 mm., thickness 0.35 mm. Carapace rather elongate subovate, the posterior end wider and more oblique than the anterior; cardinal angles obtuse; ends nearly equal in thickness. Surface of valves with two rounded and not very promi- nent nodes, subcentrally situated, one on either side of the deep median sulcus; nodes generally connected by a more or less obscure loop; pos- terior node rather better defined though smaller than the anterior. Ventral part of valves swollen without being definitely ridge-like. Dorsum channeled; ends and ventral edge, especially of the left valve, distinctly rimmed. Ventral edge of left valve overlapping that of the right. The two nodes with the connecting loop impart an appearance strongly suggestive of certain species of Bollia. The ‘* loop” is some- times well defined, but in other examples it is scarcely distinguishable. The species evidently is closely related to Beyrichia fodicata Jones and Kirkby and B. fastigiata Jones and Kirkby, but its valves are rela- tively shorter and margined by a distinct rim, a feature not observed on the British species. Formation and locality.—Cottonwood shales, 2 miles east of Cotton- wood Falls, Kansas. The same species occurs in the Upper Carbon- iferous deposits in Baylor and other counties in north central Texas. Holotype.—Cat. No. 35631, U.S.N.M. BEYRICHIELLA BOLLIAFORMIS TUMIDA, new variety Plate XI, figs. 9 to 11. The form which it is proposed to designate provisionally as above differs from the typical variety of the species in two particulars, (1) the outline is somewhat rhomboidal, the anterior border being oblique, beginning to curve backward just beneath the antero-dorsal angle, and (2) the anterior third of the valve within the rim is much more tumid, this portion of the carapace being indeed decidedly thicker than the posterior part and generally exceeds even the middle thickness. Oc- casionally, as shown in fig. 10, the antero median node is obsolete. ‘ No. 146. NEW PALEOZOIC OSTRACODA—ULRICH AND BASSLER. 159 It is thought possible that this variety may indicate merely a | sexual phase of B. bolliaformis. Supposed female individuals of a number of Silurian and Devonian species of Beyrichia are known, but in these the tumidity is larger and much more sharply defined, and it occurs, not on one of the ends, but always on the ventral side of the valves. — Formation and locality.—Associated with, but apparently never so abundant as, the typical form of the species in Kansas and Texas. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 35630, U.S.N.M. Family KIRKBYID, new family. Genus KIRKBYA Jones. KIRKBYA PINGUIS, new species. Plate XI, figs. 18 to 15. Length 0.64 mm., height 0.37 mm., thickness 0.38 mm. Carapace rather small, thick, suboblong, ends blunt in edge views, nearly equal and rounded in a side view; antero-cardinal angle obtuse, the posterior angle quite indistinguishable, ventral margin gently con- vex, the central portion nearly straight; dorsal outline straight in the anterior half and slightly convex in the posterior half, the latter part of the back being slightly impressed at the hinge line. Surface of valves with a subcentrally situated, rather small, and only moderately prominent node, and behind this, with a small sulcus intervening, two less conspicuous nodes placed one above the other, the larger of the two being near the post- cardinal angle. Free margins with a narrow but well-defined flat rim. Surface of test neatly reticulated, with small meshes. The diagnostic Kirkbyan ‘‘pit” is small and situated very near the center of the valve on the ventral slope of the median node. This small ostracod is not very closely related to any described ispecies. A. oblonga Jones and Kirkby and A. lindahli Ulrich are probably the nearest, but both are considerably larger while the valves of the former are without either nodes or a sulcus. Formation and locality.—Cottonwood shales, 2 miles east of Cotton- wood Falls, Kansas. Hlolotype.—Cat. No. 35629, U.S.N.M. KIRKBYA CENTRONOTA, new species. Plate XI, figs. 16, 17. Length of a large example 0.82 mm., height 0.50 mm., thickness ).50 mm. Carapace oblong subquadrate, with thick flattened edges, a long, straight back, and rather sharp cardinal angles, the posterior angle the less sharp of the two. Valves with a prominent large rounded 10de situated very near the middle of the dorsal half. On either side of this a smaller elevation surmounted by a thin curved vertical ridge nold examples. The marginal ridge, which likewise is well devel- 160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXRe oped only in old specimens, is directly over the hinge but runs more or less within the free edges. Test reticulated, the pattern moder- ately fine. Free margins, ridges, and surface ornament all arranged more or less obviously in a concentric manner. ‘** Pit” of moderate size though readily distinguished from the meshes of the surface orna- ment, situated at the base of the median node and very near the center of the valve. . Fully developed and perfect examples present a very distinctive aspect. The concentric thin ridges and general form recall the Silurian Strepula concentrica Jones, but taking into account only the more essential characters, the true alliances of the species are readily appar- ent. These are doubtless with A?rkbya tricollina Jones and Kirkby, a species originally described from the Lower Carboniferous lime- stone of Great Britain and since found in the Birdsville formation of the Chester in the Mississippi Valley. It also has 3 nodes on each valve, but the central one is smaller and the lateral ones are not ridged, | while the valves are thinner and without the marginal ridge found on K. centronata. Formation and locality.—Cottonwood shales, 2 miles east of Cotton- wood Falls, Kansas. Holotype.—Cat. No. 35628, U.S.N.M. Family CYTHERIDZ. Genus CYTHERE Muller. CYTHERE ? HAWORTHI, new species. - Plate XI, fig. 12. Length 0.48 mm., height 0.29 mm. Valves rather strongly convex, very slightly oblique, the posterior half a trifle wider than the anterior; dorsal edge long and straight, cardinal angles distinct without being sharp; ends descending rather abruptly from the extremities of the hinge, but curving broadly enough below into the ventral edge. Just behind and a little above the center of the valves is a sharply defined and prominent round node; another tubercle, more like a blunt spine and smaller, is situated near the antero-cardinal angle. A third wing-like prominence marks the posterior half of the ventral slope. Finally, a small swelling may be observed at the post-cardinal angle. Nothing like a sulcus was observed. Surface of test punctate, the puncte being arranged in somewhat oblique longitudinal lines descending posteriorly. No pit, nor is there a sign of a marginal rim. This minute ostracod is probably not a true Cythere, but its general aspect suggests more of that family than of Kirkbyide. It is asso- ciated with one or two other, apparently congeneric, species, while still other forms of the same general type occur in the Upper Carbon- iferous deposits of Texas. These should al! be subjected to careful — j no. 1446. NEW PALEOZOIC OSTRACODA—ULRICH AND BASSLER.- 161 study before a definite generic arrangement isattempted. Specifically, CO. ¢ haworthi is distinguished by the ventral wing-like prominence. Formation and locality.—Cottonwood shales, 2 miles east of Cotton- wood Falls, Kansas. Holotype.—Cat. No. 35658, U.S.N.M. Family BAIRDIID 2. Genus BAIRDIA McCoy. BAIRDIA BEEDEI, new species. Plate XI, figs. 19, 20. Length 1.22 mm., height 0.75 mm., thickness 0.52 mm. Carapace thick, short, subrhomboidal in outline, lanceolate in edge views, the point of greatest thickness being near the middle; overlapping dorsal edge of left valve thick, the ventral overlap also rather wide; poste- rior extremity bluntly acuminate, the dorsal half of the outline nearly straight in the left valve and barely concave in the right valve, the lower half arching broadly into the ventral margin; anterior extremity less acuminate than the posterior, the outline being rounded in the lower half, nearly straight in the upper half, and abruptly bent about the mid-height. Valves unequal, the left much the larger, and the middle part of its dorsal outline distinctly convex, while the correspond- ing part of the right valve is sufficiently straightened to form obtuse angles at the endsof the hinge. Surface of both valves evenly convex and smooth. This species agrees better with B. cestriensis Ulrich than with any other known to the writers. The principal difference lies in the shape of the posterior end, this being longer and the upper half of its outline straighter. Other differences are found in the greater dorsal overlap, _in the more curved ventral edge, and in the more uniformly curved (lanceolate) outline in edge views. In young examples of the two ‘species these differences, however, are less readily apparent than in { fully developed specimens. 2. plebeia McCoy, which of the European } Species is perhaps the nearest, is distinguished at once by its propor- ‘ tionally greater length. The writers have a large number of specimens of Bacrdia, appar- ently representing six or seven species, procured mainly from Upper Carboniferous:rocks in the Mississippi Valley and Texas. Although ‘these have not yet been subjected to critical study, it is believed that ‘ B. beedei occurs in some of the lots. However, pending careful com- parisons, it would be unwise to attempt giving either the stratigraphic or the geographic distribution of the species. Formation and locality.—Cottonwood shales, 2 miles east of Cotton- ~wood Falls, Kansas. Holotype.—Cat. No. 35634, U.S.N.M. Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——11 16g PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. BAIRDIA BEEDEI ABRUPTA, new variety. Plate XI, figs. 21, 22. Length 1.28 mm, height 0.72 mm, thickness 0.47 mm. Longer than the typical form of the species, but with a more abruptly tapering and therefore blunter and relatively shorter pos- terior end. Although the dorsal and ventral parts are nearly the same in tbe two varieties, the outlines of their respective smaller (right) valves seem to differ, the height at the post-cardinal angle being proportionally greater in the variety arupta than in the typical variety. The last difference possibly may be, in part at least, accounted for by individual differences in the amount of dorsal overlap. Though still too short and with blunter extremities, this variety nevertheless is much nearer 2. plebeia McCoy than is the typical form of the species. At the same time it is farther from 3. cestriens/s Ulrich. Formation and locality.—Associated with typical B. beede? and many other ostracods in the Cottonwood shales, 2 miles east of Cotton- wood Falls, Kansas. FHolotype.—Cat. No. 35635, U.S.N.M. Family CY PRIDINID. Genus CYPRIDINA Milne Edwards. CYPRIDINA SUBOVATA, new species. Plate XI, fig. 23-26. Length of an average example 3.8 mm., height 2.9 mm., thickness 2.1 mm. Carapace compressed subglobular, broadly oval in outline, generally wider behind than anteriorly, and deeply notched in front, with a sharp beak above and a well-marked angulation below. Valves slightly unequal, the outline of the left being somewhat produced in the post-cardinal portion and therefore less regularly curved than in the right valve. In end and edge views this portion of the left valve also projects beyond the plane of the remaining portions of the edge and probably overlaps the corresponding part of the edge of the right valve. Surface of valves smooth, moderately convex, the convexity not quite symmetrical, being greater in the dorsal part than in the cen- tral and ventral portions. Partially exfoliated shells expose the muscle spot. This is ovate, radially striated, and smaller and farther removed from the center of the valves than usual. Dividing the valve into four equal parts, the whole of the scar line lies within the antero-ventral fourth. The slight overlap of the post-dorsal edge of the left valve possibly allies this species to Lntomoconchus, in which the same valve overlaps 4 No. 1446. NEW PALEOZOIC OSTRACODA—ULRICH AND BASSLER. 163 the right in a similar manner, only the overlap in this case occurs in the antero-dorsal region. The anterior notch, however, is much deeper and the carapace less globose in C. subovata than in the two species of Hntomoconchus so far described. In its general form C. subovata agrees rather closely with C. phillipsiana Jones, but the Kansas species may be distinguished at once by its much deeper ante- rior notch. There are slight differences also in the size and location of the muscle spot, and in the convexity of the valves, the curves in Jones’s species being more symmetrical and the carapace on the whole a little thicker and with blunter edges. C. primeva (McCoy), another British species, corresponds rather better in the matter of the notch and also in convexity, but differs in outline, being more produced in the post-ventral region; also in having the notch lower, which causes the beak to project considerably farther beyond the lower extremity of the notch than is the case in C. subovata. Formation and locality.—Not uncommon in the Lawrence shale at Lawrence, Kansas. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 35626, U.S.N.M. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XI. Unless otherwise stated, all the figures on this plate are magnified twenty times. Fries. 1-4. Paraparchites humerosus, new genus and species. Fic. 1. Right valve showing general form of a rather large but otherwise aver- age carapace. 2. Anterior view showing overlap of right valve dorsally, and slight ven- tral overlap of left valve. 3. Ventral view of same. 4. Interior of a right valve exhibiting dorsal prominence and linear socket for reception of corresponding portion of left valve. Elendale formation, Manhattan, Kansas. Fig. 5. Beyrichia? radiata Jones and Kirkby. Fie. 5. Right valve of an old example apparently agreeing in all essential respects with the English types of the species. Cottonwood shales, 2 miles east of Cottonwood Falls, Kansas. Fig. 6. Beyrichia? emaciata, new species. Fic. 6. Right valve showing the sharply defined lobes and ridges and generally emaciated appearance characterizing this species. Wreford limestone, 6 miles west of Reece, Kansas. Fies. 7, 8. Beyrichiella bolliaformis, new species. Fic. 7. Left side of an entire carapace of the typical form of the species. 8. Dorsal view of same anterior end to left, showing the channeled back. Cottonwood shales, 2 miles east of Cottonwood Falls, Kansas. Fiaes. 9-11. Beyrichiella bolliaformis tumida, new variety. Fic. 9. Left valve incomplete at the antero-dorsal angle. In this specimen the surface markings are very much as in the typical form of the species, but the whole anterior end is much more inflated. > 7 164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 10. Another left valve having the anterior swelling characterizing the variety but differing from other specimens in the obsolescence of the anterior one of the two median tubercles. 11. Ventral view of original of fig. 10, showing the inflation of the anterior end. Cottonwood shales, 2 miles east of Cottonwood Falls, Kansas. Fie. 12. Cythere ? haworthi, new species. Fic. 12. View of left valve showing the ventral wing-like process, the tubercles and surface markings characterizing this minute species. Cottonwood shales, 2 miles east of Cottonwood Falls, Kansas. Fies. 138-15. Kirkbya pinguis, new species. Fig. 13. Left side of an example retaining both valves. 14. Posterior view of same specimen. 15. Ventral view of same. Cottonwood shales, 2 miles east of Cottonwood Falls, Kansas. Fias. 16, 17. Kirkbya centronota, new species. Fig. 16. Right valve of a fully developed and well-marked example showing the concentric arrangement of the ridges and reticulate ornament, and the strongly developed dorsal ridge. 17. Anterior view of same showing the thick dorsal and ventral edges. Cottonwood shales, 2 miles east of Cottonwood Falls, Kansas. Fig. 18. Beyrichiella gregaria, new species. Fig. 18. Left valve of an average old example of this rather variable species. 1n young valves the obscurely defined ventral flange is much narrower or is wanting, and in such cases the denticulated contact edge beneath may be visible in a side view. Coal Measures, Kansas City, Missouri. Frias. 19, 20. Bairdia beedei, new species. Fras. 19, 20. Right side and ventral views of a complete example. End view about as in figure 22. Cottonwood shales, 2 miles east of Cottonwood Falls, Kansas. Fias. 21, 22. Bairdia beedei abrupta, new variety. Figs. 21,22. Views of right side and posterior end showing the more abruptly tapering posterior portion that distinguishes the variety. Edge view about as in figure 20. Cottonwood shales, 2 miles east of Cottonwood Falls, Kansas. Fics. 23-26. Cypridina subovata, new species. Fig. 23. Left valve, with the test somewhat exfoliated, so as to show the mus- cular sear, < 6. 24. Dorsal outline of same, showing postero-cardinal projection. 25. Posterior view in outline of same, likewise showing the post-cardinal projection of margin supposed to indicate a limited overlap of valves. 26. Right valve drawn trom a gutta-percha squeeze, X 6, showing slight difference in outline of post-cardinal portion when compared with left valve. Lawrence shales, Lawrence, Kansas. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XI COAL MEASURES OSTRACODA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 163, 164. A NEW RUMINANT FROM THE PLEISTOCENE OF NEW MEXICO. By James WILLIAMS GIDLEY, Of the Department of Geology. In excavating for the new irrigation dam at Black Rocks, 43 miles east of Zuni, New Mexico, a number of fossil bones have recently been unearthed, which were preserved by Mr. Jobn B. Harper, engi- neer in charge of the work. These bones were secured and presented to the U. S. National Museum by the Department of the Interior, through Mr. F. E. Leupp, Commissioner of Indian Affairs. The little collection from Zuni contains teeth and bone fragments of Elephas columbi and other characteristic Pleistocene species, together with the top and back portions of a skull representing an undescribed genus of the Bovide family, apparently closely related to Ovdbos. This specimen, though incomplete and battered, is of especial interest, coming from this locality. Its incompleteness and poor condition make it a rather unsatisfactory type, yet there are suflicient distinctive characters preserved to warrant its description. LIOPS, new genius. Generic characters.—Horn cores set wide apart and well back, as in Ovibos, but much less drooping; continuous with the frontals laterally, with no burrs or rugosities at base; smooth throughout. Parietals _ forming a large part of the occiput, which is high and narrow above. No true lambdoidal crest. Foramen magnum about one and one-half times greater in diameter than in Ovcbos. Occipital condyles set widely apart, with their borders continuous with the surrounding bones. Tympanie bone roughly triangular in shape, very smooth and flat, with no bulla, and tightly inclosed by the surrounding elements. Post-gleanoid process reduced to a low rounded knob. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No. 1447. 165 166 ‘EEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, LIOPS ZUNIENSIS, new species. Type, top and back portion of skull, Cat. No. 5100, U.S.N.M. collection. Fic. 1.—LIOPs ZUNIENSIS, TOP VIEW OF SKULL (ABOUT } NAT. SIZE). FIG. 2.—LIOPS ZUNIENSIS, POSTERIOR VIEW OF SKULL (ABOUT } NAT. SIZE). A striking feature of the portion of the skull preserved is its extreme smoothness. Its angles are free from rugosities, and there No. 1447. NEW PLEISTOCENE RUMINANT—GIDLEY. 167 are no sharp or roughened processes even in the tympanic and mastoid region. The horn cores are relatively longer, less robust, and less drooping than in Ovibos or Simbos, the latter standing directly inter- mediate between Lops and Ovibos in this respect. Another striking Fie, 3.—LIOPS ZUNIENSIS, PALATAL VIEW OF SKULL (ABOUT ; NAT. SIZE). feature is the position of the relatively large foramen magnum, which is confined entirely to the back or occipital face of the skull. Liops is apparently much more closely allied to Ovcbos than either of the California Pleistocene genera, Huceratherium and Preptoceros, and seems, without question, to belong to the subfamily Ovibovine. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW HYMENOPTERA FROM JAPAN. By Wituram H. Asumnap, Assistant Curator, Division of Insects. In the following pages I continue the descriptions of the new gen- era and species of Japanese Hymenoptera in the National Museum, presented by Dr. K. Mitsukuri, of the Imperial University of Tokio; Mr. Y. Nawa, of Gifu; Dr. S. Matsumura, of Sapporo; Mr. Albert Koebele, of Honolulu, and others. A few species are also included from China, Formosa, Trong, Lower Siam, etc. Six genera and seventy-three species are described as new to science. Parts Land II of this series of papers were published in the Journal of the New York Entomological Society for 1904, and treated of the superfamilies Sphecoidea, Vespoidea, Proctotrypoidea, Cynipoidea, and Chalcidoidea. The present paper treats of the superfamily Ichneumonoidea. supertamily Vill [CHNEUMONOIDEA. Family LXXV. ICHNEUMONID. Subfamily I. ICHNHBHUMONIN 4“. MATSUMURALUS, new genus. This new genus belongs to the tribe Joppini, and will fall in my table of genera, Classification of the Ichneumon Flies, 1900, page 15, next to Evcoptosarge Kriechbaumer, but may be easily separated by the following characters: Scutellum saddle-shaped, emarginate above ......------ Eecoptosarge Kriechbaumer. Scutellum convexly rounded, not emarginate..........---Matsumuraius, new genus. In the shape of the head, the venation, more or Jess, the scutellum, and the abdomen, this genus closely resembles Avwtomalus Wesmael, but the metathorax is abruptly truncate posteriorly, the upper hind margin bounded by a carina, the angles toothed, the lateral and pleural carinz distinct, while the spiracles are large and linear; the areolet of the front wings is large, pentagonal, the discoidal nervure and the second recurrent nervure being broken by a stump of a vein. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXX—No. 1448. 169 = | 170 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. exe MATSUMURAIUS GRANDIS, new species. Plate XII, fig. 1. Male.—Length 30 mm. Black, closely punctate; the clypeus and the entire face to the insertion of the antenne, the inner orbits close to the apex of the eyes, the scape beneath, the upper hind margins of the pronotum interrupted medially, the tegule, a small spot beneath, the scutellum, and the legs, except as hereafter noted, are yellow; the hind coxe beneath and at apex, all trochanters, except a yellow spot on the front pair, the extreme base of middle and hind femora, the apices of same and the apex of tibize are black. Abdomen black, except a small spot at apex of the petiole, dorsal segments 2 and 3, and the ventral segments 2 to + which are red. Wings hyaline, the apical margins smoky, the stigma and veins, except the subcostal and basal veins which are black or dark fuscous, being yellowish. Type.—Cat. No. 7219, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Sapporo. Described from a single specimen received from Doctor Matsumura and in honor of whom the genus is named. Genus EXEPHANES Wesrmael. EXEPHANES KOEBELEI, new species. Female.—Length about 10 mm. Black, closely punctate; the anten- nal joints 9 to 13 beneath, the tegule, the apex of the sixth abdominal segment, the seventh and eighth abdominal segments entirely, and the trochanters are white; the extreme apices of flagellar joints 1 to 5 are yellowish; the scutellum is pale yellowish; the apices of the femora, the front tibiz and tarsi beneath are yellowish or testaceous, the front tarsi above and the middle tibiz and tarsi are more brownish, the hind legs are black or brown-black, while the hind tibiz are yellowish at the extreme base. Wings subfuscous, the stigma yellow, the veins brown. The metathorax is completely areolated, the areola being hexagonal. Type.—Cat. No. 7220, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Japan. One specimen taken by Mr. A. Koebele, the exact locality not stated. Genus STENICHNEUMON Thomson. STENICHNEUMON SAPPOROENSIS, new species. Male.—Length 16mm. Black and punctate, with the face below the antenne, the inner orbits to summit of eyes, the mandibles, except the teeth, the scape and pedicel, except above, the upper margin of prothorax, interrupted anteriorly, the tegule, a line beneath, the scutellum and postscutellum, a curved line on front coxe, the legs, except the hind coxe, femora and apical fourth of the hind tibie q J q 4 J No, 1448. NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. 171 which are black, a stripe on hind cox beneath and a small spot at sides near base, the second abdominal segment, except basal half, are all yellow. Wings subhyaline, faintly tinged, the stigma and costal vein yellow, the internal veins brown. The metathorax is areolated, but the basal and lateral areas are confluent, the areola subquadrate, the hind margin obtusely angulated. Type.—Cat. No. 7221, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Sapporo. One male, taken by Doctor Matsumura. Genus MELANICHNEUMON Thomson. MELANICHNEUMON JAPONICUS, new species. Female.—Length, 14mm. _ Black closely punctate, except the three or four terminal segments of the abdomen, which are nearly smooth; antennal joints 11 to 15, or at least beneath, a small line back of the eyes, the scutellum, and a large, oblong spot on all tibize behind snow- white; there is also a small yellowish spot on the apical margin of the last dorsal abdominal segment. Wings subfuliginous, the veins black, the stigma being brownish within; tegule shining black. The meta- thorax is completely areolated, the areola large, hexagonal. The gastrocoeli are not deep, situated at the basal lateral angles, and with irregularly longitudinally raised lines, but the space between them is broad and closely punctate, as is the rest of the abdomen. Type.—Cat. No, 7222, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Sapporo (Doctor Matsumura). Genus RHEXIDERMUS Forster. RHEXIDERMUS JAPONICUS, new species. Plate XII, fig. 2. Female.—Length, 7.5 mm. Black, finely punctate, subopaque; the scutellum yellowish; flagellum reddish-brown, joints 10 to 14 above white; mandibles conically pointed, edentate, whitish, the tips blackish; legs ferruginous, the anterior and middle pairs, especially basally pale yellowish; abdomen much longer than the head and thorax united, above black, the petiole and the apical segments smooth and shining, or nearly, the segments 2, 3, and 4 distinctly closely punctate, ventral segments 2, 3, and 4, and the extreme lateral margins of the dorsal segments 2 to 4, testaceous; ovipositor subexserted, as long as the second joint of hind tarsi. Wings hyaline, the costal margin brown, the stigma and internal veins testaceous. -Type.—Cat. No. 7223, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Japan (A. Koebele). 72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. ‘Tribe VI. PHAEFOGENINI. Genus PHAEOGENES Wesmael. PHAEOGENES JAPONICUS, new species. Female.—Length,imm. Black, with the first 7 joints of the antenne, the legs, except tips of hind tibiz, the first and second segments of the abdomen and the fourth very narrowly at base, red; the antennal joints 8 to 12 are more or less white, the joints beyond dark fuscus or black; the extreme apices of the abdominal segments 4 to 7, if viewed from behind, are more or less testaceous, although not noticeable from above. Wings hyaline, the tegule and veins basally whitish, the stigma and internal veins brownish. The head above is faintly, sparsely punctate, but in front below the insertion of the antennz, except the clypeus, it is more closely and distinctly punctured; the clypeus is highly polished with a few scattered punctures; the thorax is distinctly, finely, but not very closely, punctured, the metathorax being finely rugulosely punc- tured and distinctly areolated; the abdomen has the petiole highly pol- ished, impunctate, the second and third segments subopaque, while those beyond are shining. Type.—Cat. No. 7225, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Sapporo (Doctor Matsumura). Subfamily Il. CRYPTIN_4. Tribe II PHYGADEUDONINI. Genus BATHYMETIS Forster. BATHYMETIS SAPPOROENSIS, new species. Female.—Length, 3.5 mm.; ovipositor shorter than the petiole. Head, thorax ani petiole of the abdomen black, the rest of the abdo- men, except the sheathes of the ovipositor, which are black, dark red; antenne about 26-jointed, thickened toward apex, yellowish from the base to the sixth joint, from whence they are dusky or brownish; man- dibles red; palpi and tegule yellowish white; legs, including coxe, ferruginous. The head and thorax, except the metathorax which is rugulose and areolated, are smooth and shining, impunctate. Wings hyaline, the stigma and coste reddish-brown, the internal veins paler. Type.—Cat. No. 7226, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Sapporo. (Dr. S. Matsumura.) One specimen, No. 38. Genus SCINASCOPUS Forster. SCINASCOPUS JAPONICUS, new species. Male.—Length,4 mm. Black and shining; the palpi, tegule and legs, except the coxe which are blackish, the hind femora toward base above and the tips of the hind tibize which are reddish or brownish, are ai No. 1448. NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA—A SHMEAD. 1738 yellowish white; the antenne are light brownish yellow beneath: the abdomen is longer than the head and thorax united, the petiole sub- rugulose, subopaque and with carine, the other segments being smooth. Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins reddish-brown. Type.—Cat. No. 7227, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Sapporo. (Dr. S. Matsumura.) One specimen, No. 29. SCINASCOPUS ALBOMACULATUS, new species. Male.—Length, 8 mm. Black; the palpi, the mandibles, except teeth, the clypeus, a spot above it, a spot on scape beneath at apex, the tegule and epitegule, the front and middle trochanters, except sometimes a stripe above, and the apical margin of the seventh dorsal segment of the abdomen, are ivory white; the tips of the front femora and their tibiz, and the middle tibix are light brownish or yellowish. Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins dark brown. Type.—Cat. No. 2728, U.S.N.M. Locality. Nikko (A. Koebele). Tribe III. LEVI Ee EN Genus ADIOSTOLA Forster. ADIOSTOLA POLITA, new species. Female.—Length, 2.5 mm.: ovipositor less than half the length of the abdomen; black and shining; palpi and tegule white: antenne brown, the scape and pedicel yellowish; legs, except the hind COXe, testaceous, the trochanters tinged with yellowish white. Wines hyaline, the stigma and veins, except along the costa of the front wings, pale yellowish, the costal edge being brown. Type.—Cat. No. 7299, U.S.N.M. Locality.— Japan (A. Koebele). Two specimens. Genus PARAPHYLAX Forster. PARAPHYLAX ALBISCAPUS, new species. Male.—Length 3mm. Black and shining; the palpi, mandibles. except teeth, scape of antenna, tegulxe, and middle trochanters, yel- lowish white; flagellum brown-black, long and tapering off at apex; _ legs testaceous, the cox and tibe more or less yellowish white in part or beneath, the hind tibiz at apex and their tarsi dusky, the hind tro- chanters, except the second joint above, and the hind tibial spurs ivory white. Wings hyaline, the stigma brown, the costal margin blackish, the internal veins pale brownish or yellowish. Type.—Cat. No. (230, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Japan (A. Koebele). One specimen. os 174 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. Genus HEMITELES Gravenhorst. HEMITELES SAPPOROENSIS, new species. Female.—Length 4.5 mm.; ovipositor scarcely one-third the length of the abdomen. Head reddish-brown, with a black spot on the vertex inclosing the ocelli, and finely shagreened; thorax, except the pro- sternum, which is reddish brown, black, finely shagreened and opaque, the parapsidal furrows absent, the metathorax completely areolated; abdomen reddish-brown, with the petiole black, and the disks of the dorsal segments more or less dusky or blackish; antennz, except toward tips, and legs ferruginous. Wings hyaline with two transverse brown bands, one across from the basal nervure and inclosing it, and the other, a broader one, across from near the base of the stigma and including the marginal cell. Type.-—Cat. No. 7231, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Sapporo (Dr. 5. Matsumura). One specimen, No. 27. PROTEROCRYPTUS, new genus. This new genus belongs to the tribe Hemitelini, and in my table of genera, Classification of Ichneumon Flies, 1900, page 32, falls in with Diaglypta Forster, with which, however, it has no close affinity. The — table may be changed to read as follows: 15. Metathoracic ridge not interrupted at the middle.............-...-.----.--- 16 Metathoracic ridge interrupted at the middle, the areola and petiolar area confluent. First abdominal segment short, broad, and strong ......-. Diaglypta Forster First abdominal segment long and slender, subclavate; thorax rather short oval, the prothorax not visible from above, the parapsidal furrows absent, the metathorax rather short, rounded off posteriorly and areolated, the aerola and petiolar area confluent, the spiracles small, circular. Proterocryptus, new genus PROTEROCRYPTUS NAWAII, new species. Plate XII, fig. 3. Female.—Length about 6 mm.; ovipositor hardly one-third the length of the abdomen. Black, marked with white or yellow as fol- lows: The face, clypeus, the narrow malar space, mandibles, scape and pedicle beneath, hind and front orbits, connected with a band across the forehead, two stripes down the mesonotum, the upper margin of the prothorax at sides broadly to the tegule, the tegule, a large spot on mesopleura anteriorly, the scutellum, the postscutellum, the meta- notum, except a narrow band at base and at apex surrounding the inser- tion of the petiole, all coxze and trochanters, except a black spot on hind coxe at base behind and a spot on their trochanters above, and the apical margins of the abdominal segments (the fifth and sixth ij t NO. 1448, NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. 175 interrupted medially) are white or yellowish-white; legs pale or yel- lowish-white; the base of hind coxe behind, spot on their trochanters above and the apices of hind femora and tibie, black. Wings hyaline, the stegma and veins reddish brown, the costal and poststigmal veins black, the venation as in figure. The thorax is closely punctate, otherwise the insect, except some minute sparse punctures on the face, is smooth and shining. Type.—Cat. No. 7233, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Atami (A. Koebele). Aes WAM O19 Sd PI OMG & Genus CRYPTUS Fabricius. CRYPTUS ALBERTI, new species. Female.—Length 10 mm.; ovipositor a little longer than half the length of the abdomen. Black, finely, closely punctate, subopaque and pubescent, the metathorax rugulose, with two transverse carine; -antenne black, with joint 7 at apex beneath and joints 8 to 11 beneath, white; legs black, with the ‘apex of front femora and the front and middle tibiz reddish, their tarsi subfuscous, the hind legs wholly black, except tarsal joints 3 and 4, which are white; the abdomen, ‘except the petiole, is subopaque, the second and following segments ‘very delicately shagreened, a little shiny at their apices, the sixth dorsal segment narrowly white at apex, the petiole smooth and shining. ‘Wings subhyaline, the stigma and veins dark brown, the discoidal nervure broken by a stump of a vein, the areolet rather large, pentago- nal, the sides almost parallel. Type.—Cat. No. 7232, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Japan (A. Koebele). Tribe Vil. MESOSTENINI. Genus MESOSTENUS Gravenhorst. MESOSTENUS OCTOCINCTUS, new species. Female.—Length about 8 mm.; ovipositor half the length of the abdomen. Black and closely punctured; the mandibles, except teeth, the clypeus, face and front orbits to the summit of the eyes, the cheeks and the hind orbits not quite to the summit of the eyes, the palpi, the antennal joints deneath from the apex of the sixth to the sixteenth joint, a band on the prothorax above, interrupted at the mid- dle, a round spot on the disk of the mesonotum, the scutellum and its lateral ridges anteriorly, a streak on the post-scutellum, the tegule, a line beneath, two spots on the mesopleura, a spot on the mesosternum, 1 large spot on the metapleura, the margins of the metathoracic runcature broadly, all cox and trochanters, except a black spot on 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. the hind coxe above and a spot on the first joint of the hind tro- chanters, the tibial spurs and the hind tarsi, except the last joint, are white; rest of legs, except knees of hind legs, tips of hind tibie and last joint of tarsi which are black, red; the eight segments of the abdomen are banded with yellowish white at apex, those of the fifth and sixth interrupted, those on the following very narrow. Wings hyaline, the veins dark brown, the lanceolate stigma brownish medially. Male.—Length 7mm. Agrees practically in every respect with the female, but differs in having joints 9 to 16 of antenne white, except a streak above, the abdomen with only 7 segments, compressed at apex, all being banded at apex with white and none interrupted medially. Type.—Cat. No. 7234, U.S.N.M. Locality.—China (A. Koebele). Subfamily III. PIMPLIN 2%. ‘Lribe LIL LIssSOnoTin®: Genus PIMPLOPTERUS Ashmead. PIMPLOPTERUS JAPONICUS, new species. Male.—Length 7mm. Black; the mandibles, the clypeus, a minute dot on orbits within near the base of the eyes, the palpi, an irregular band on each side of the anterior margin of the mesonotum, the teg- ule, front coxe and trochanters and the tibial spurs yellowish or yel- lowish white; the rest of the legs, except the hind coxe, tips of hind tibie, and the hind tarsi which are black, red. Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins brown. The head is shining, almost impunctate above, but finely punctate in front; the mesonotum although shining is distinctly punctate; the metathorax finely rugulosely punctate and subopaque; the long abdomen is black, subopaque, but the extreme apical margins of dorsal segments 2 to 6 exhibit a yellowish tinge when viewed from behind. Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins brown. Type.—Cat. No. 7235, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Hakone (A. Koebele). ABs sys) J WL) E40 oa PNG (- Genus MEGARHYSSA Ashmead. MEGARHYSSA JAPONICA, new species. Female.—Length 32 mm.; ovipositor 40 mm. Black; face below the antennz to the clypeus, except a median black line, the hind orbits broadly to the cheeks, the palpi, the upper lateral margins of the pro- notum, an oblong spot above the front cox, a large spot below the tegule and a smaller spot below that on the anterior margin of the BNO. 1448. NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. ee -mesopleura, two longitudinal lines on the mesonotum, the scutellum and postscutellum, a small spot on the lateral ridges that extend from the scutellum, the apex of the metathorax rather broadly, a large spot at the apex of the metapleura,a band at apex of dorsal abdominal segments 1 and 2, and oblong spots on segments 3 to 7, yellow; the legs are tricolored, yellow, black, and ferruginous; the front legs, except the coxze behind which are black, and the femora within which are reddish are yellow; the middle coxe, except two united spots at the sides, the base of first joint of the trochanters and the femora _ beneath and behind, except at apex, are black, otherwise the middle legs are yellow; the hind legs are black, but the the cox have a spot ‘at base above, the base of the trochanters and the femora at apex yel- low. Wings subfuscous, with a large black cloud across from the apical half of the stigma to beyond the middle of the front wing. Type.—Cat. No. 7238, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Sapporo (Doctor Matsumura). This beautiful species shows some affinity with J/. superba. HEMIEPHIALTES, new genus. This new genus, on account of having the claws simple, will fall in my generic table of the Pimplini, Classification of the Ichneumon Flies, 1900, page 54, between Cullicphialtes Ashmead and Perithous Holm- eren. My generic table may. be modified as follows: SELON GWU iL ameareOletaa sabe. cease nee aoe See cece et aclcen cecscles 83 Front wings without an areolet. Metathorax finely, sparsely punctate, with the lateral areas present, the supe- rior margin of the truncature bounded by a delicate carina, the spiracles small, oval; transverse median nervure in hind wings broken far below the PENANG ONL CSR eetes et es Beene py Rh LS eS SS Hemiephialtes, new genus. 83. Metathorax smooth, shining, without punctures; areolet in front wings rhom- boidal, not petiolate; transverse median nervure in hind wings broken above GORE Le yee ee MP eno ame oe ee Ie ed ee ges Perithous Holmgren. HEMIEPHIALTES GLYPTUS, new species. Plate XIII, fig. 1. Female.—Length about 12 mm.; ovipositor much longer than the whole body. Black, finely punctate; legs pale ferruginous, the front coxe and trochanters, the second joint of the hind trochanters, except a spot above, and an annulus at base of hind tibiz, yellowish white, while the first joint of hind trochanters, the hind femora, tibiz, and tarsi are black. Wings subfuscous, the tegule and costal veins yel- lowish white, the internal veins and the stigma dark fuscous or black. The abdomen is elongate, nearly twice as long as the head and thorax united, closely punctate, opaque or subopaque, except a small shining Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——12 178 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. impunctate space at apex of the first, second, and third segments; the second, third, and fourth segments have oblique furrows from the basal middle much as in the genus Glypta Gravenhorst. Type.—Cat. No. 7237, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Sapporo (Doctor Matsumura). Genus PIMPLA Fabricius. PIMPLA PLUTO, new species. Female.—Length 15 mm.; ovipositor 4 mm. Entirely black, except the two apical joints of the palpi which are brownish, a stripe on the front femora in front, and the front tibie, except a stripe above, which are reddish, the stripe above on the front tibiz and the front tarsi are brownish. The whole insect is closely punctate, opaque, except the face, which is more sparsely punctate and shining, the clypeus being distinctly separated from the face, with only a few sparse punctures at its base. Wings subfuliginous, the stigma, except. a pale spot at base, and the veins black. The metathorax is entirely without carine. Type.—Cat. No. 7240, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Japan (A. Koebele). Genus APECHTHIS Forster. APECHTHIS ORBITALIS, new species. Plate XIII, fig. 2. Female.—Length 20 mm.; ovipositor not quite 5mm. Black, the head and upper part of thorax opaque but not punctate, the sides of the thorax and the scutellum sparsely punctate, shining; the inner orbits within the incision of the eyes, the apex of the scutellum, and the postscutellum are yellowish; the base of the metanotum inclosed by the two diverging carine is smooth and shining, impunctate but the surface on either side of the carine is closely punctate, as well as abdominal segments 1 to 5, the following segments being almost - smooth; the front legs from the apex of the cox, the middle legs from the second joint of the trochanters, and the basal two-thirds of the hind tibie, except a narrow black annulus at base, are flavo-testaceous, the hind femora being rufous, the rest of the legs black. Wings, except a faint tinge, hvaline, the stigma and veins, except a pale spot between the parastigma and stigma, being black. Type.—Cat. No. 7242, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Japan (A. Koebele). APECHTHIS SAPPOROENSIS, new species. Female.—Length 15 mm.; ovipositor short, about one-fourth the length of the abdomen. Black, the head and thorax not punctate, the face slightly shagreened, with some transverse rugve just beneath the j No. 1448, NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. 179 insertion of the antenn, the mesonotum subopaque, the metathorax sparsely punctate on either side of the quadrate median inclosure, the basal median inclosure smooth and highly polished, open posteriorly; the abdomen is distinctly, closely punctate; the ocelli are yellowish white; the palpi blackish, with the two or three apical joints yellowish; the antenne are black, but with the basal two or three joints of the flagellum eneath ferruginous; the apex of the scutellum, the post- scutellum, the front legs, except the coxve, trochanters, the femora above and a spot on the tibie behind, the apex of the middle tibiz, an annulus toward base and their tarsi, and an annulus toward base of the hind tibiz, and tibial spurs, pale yellowish, the rest of legs black. Wings hyaline, the hind margins of the tegule, a very small spot in front and the costal vein pale yellowish white, the stigma and other veins black. Type.—Cat. No. 7241, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Sapporo (Doctor Matsumura). Genus EPIURUS Forster. EPIURUS ANNULITARSIS, new species. Female.—Length about 10mm. Black and shining, the head and thorax, except some punctures on the sides of the metathorax, almost impunctate; palpi and tegule yellowish white; legs red, the hind tibiz and tarsi yellowish white, the hind tibize with an annulus near base and their apices black; pulvilli and claws black. Wings hyaline, the parastigma, stigma, and poststigmal vein yellowish, the internal veins brownish. The metanotum has two median carina above that con- verge toward base, and back of these are two large impressions bounded by a carina on each side and at apex, the space between this carina and the pleural carina being punctate, but the upper face of the metanotum is smooth and impunctate. Type.—Cat. No. 7245, U.S.N.M. Locality. —Sapporo (Dr. 8. Matsumura). One specimen, No. 6. EPIURUS HAKONENSIS, new species. Female.—Length about 12 mm.; ovipositor as long as the abdomen, the sheaths very hairy. Black and shining, the head smooth, impunc- tate, the thorax faintly, feebly punctate, except the middle mesotho- racic lobe anteriorly and the metathorax, which are distinctly punctate; the abdomen is distinctly, rather closely punctate, except at the apical margins of segments 2 to 6 and the two apical segments, which are impunctate; the palpi, pedicel, and first three joints of the flagellum beneath, the teguleya line beneath, and the costal vein at basal half, yellowish white; the legs are ferruginous, the front cox, trochanters, and tarsi, the middle trochanters, apex of middle femora, an annulus at base of their tibie, all tibial spurs, an annulus at base of hind tibie, > 180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. a broader one on their middle, and an annulus at base of their tarsi, yellowish white; rest of hind tibie and tarsi black. Wings faintly tinged with fuscous, the stigma and internal veins black or dark fuscous. The metathorax has an apical area indicated, the surface, within punctate. The first abdominal segment is not longer than wide. Type.—Cat. No. 7243, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Mount Hakone (A. Koebele); also Sapporo (Doctor Matsumura). EPIURUS PERSIMILIS, new species. kemale.—Length 11 mm.; ovipositor as long asthe abdomen. Very similar to /. hakonensis, except as follows: The antennz are wholly black, except the extreme apex of the scape, which is white; the front legs, except the femora, the middle legs, except the coxee and femora, and the hind trochanters and hind tibie at basal two-thirds, except a narrow black annulus near the base, are yellowish white, rest of legs, except the apical third of hind tarsi, the annulus near the base, and the hind tarsi, which are black, being rufous; metanotum without an area at base, the median space smooth, impunctate; first abdominal seg- ment a little longer than wide. Type.—Cat. No. 7244, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Sapporo (Doctor Matsumura). NESOPIMPLA, new genus. In my generic table of the Pimplinz, Classification of the Ichneumon Flies, 1900, page 53, this new genus will fall in with /¢op/ect/s Forster and Hremochila Forster, the claws not being toothed at base and the metathoracic spiracles being round, but from both it is easily separated by the areolet of the front wings, which is irregularly pentagonal in shape, resembling that found among the Phygadeuonini, the trans- verse median nervure in the front wings is interstitial with the basal nervure, while in the hind wings it is broken by the subdiscoidal nervure far above the middle; the metathorax has two distinct longi- tudinal carine that diverge posteriorly and end just over the insertion of the hind cox; the abdomen is much as in /impla Fabricius, the apex of sexments 2 to 6 tumid, 3 to 6 with transverse impressions a little beyond the lateral middle, the second segment with the trans- verse impression distinct only laterally at the apical angles, broadly interrupted at the middle. NESOPIMPLA NARANYAZ:, new species. Plate XIII, fig. 3. Female.—Length 9.5 mm.; ovipositor short, less than one-third the length of the abdomen. Head, thorax, and the abdominal segments 6 to 8, except narrowly at apex black, the abdominal segments 1 to 5, - j No, HAS. NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. 181 and the antennz, except the two basal joints, pale ferruginous; palpi and legs yellowish white; the hind coxe behind and the hind femora pale ferruginous, the extreme apex of the hind femora, an annulus at base, and the apex of the hind tibize being black; the tarsal joints 1 to 5 are tipped with black. Wings hyaline, the stigma, except a spot at base, and the internal veins black. Type.—Cat. No. 7247, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Sapporo. Bred by Doctor Matsumura from Varanya diffusa. Genus THERONIA Holmgren. THERONIA JAPONICA, new species. Female.—Length 11 mm.; ovipositor about one-third the length of the abdomen. Yellowish; the suture at base of clypeus, a median line on face, the frontal depressions back of the origin of the antenne, the space surrounding the ocelli, the occiput and the eyes, black; the fla- gellum is brown; thorax at sides and beneath black, the upper margin of the pronotum, the margin of the prosternum, the tegule, the ridge beneath, a small line on mesopleura anteriorly and a spot posteriorly, a spot on metapleura, the apex of metathorax broadly, the postscutel- lum, scutellum, and two lines on the mesothorax, yellow, the middle lobe of the mesonotum is black while the lateral lobes are brownish; abdomen yellowish, the first segment black at basal half or more, the following dorsal segments more or less dusky at base; legs yellowish, but with a spot at base of middle coxe, a spot on middle femora beneath, the hind coxe anteriorly and the hind femora beneath, black. Wings hyaline, the costal vein and the stigma yellow, the internal veins brown. Type.—Cat. No. 7239, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Sappora (Doctor Matsumura). ‘Tribe V. XORIDINI. Genus ODONTOMERUS Gravenhorst. ODONTOMERUS NIKKOENSIS, new species. Female.—Length 8 mm.; ovipositor nearly as long as the body. Black, with segments 3 to 5 of the abdomen dark rufopiceous, the front tibize and tarsi testaceous; the middle tibiv and tarsi darker; the hind legs, except the tibize beneath which have a piceous tinge, wholly black; antenne brown; palpi white. Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins brown. The head and thorax, except the metathorax, are smooth and shining, almost impunctate; the mesonotum only sparsely punc- tate, more distinct on the prominent middle lobe anteriorly; the petiole and the second segment of the abdomen are finely shagreened, sub- opaque; the other segments smooth and shining. Type.—Cat. No. 7248, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Nikko (A. Koebele). 182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. Genus CALLICLISIS Forster. CALLICLISIS INCERTA, new species. Plate XIV, fig. 1. Male.—Length about 19mm. Black and shining, although sparsely punctate; the face, except a central black line, scape of antenne beneath, the pedicel, basal three or four joints of the flagellum, mand- ibles, palpi, tegule, epitegule, all legs from the coxe, except the hind femora, a spot at apex of first dorsal abdominal segment, a band at apex of the second segment, the third and fourth wholly, except a brownish shade at base of the fourth, a band at apex of the following segments and the venter, testaceous or yellowish, the cox black, the hind femora, except at base and apex, blackish or brown-black. Wings hyaline; the stigma, except a median streak from its base, and the veins black. Antenne, except as noted, black from the fifth or sixth joint. The abdomen is fully one and a half times as large as the head and thorax united and compressed from the third segment. Type.—Cat. No. 7249, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Sapporo (Dr. 8. Matsumura). Subfamily IV. TRY PHONIN AX. ‘Tribe I. MESOLEPTINI. Genus SYCHNOLETER Forster. SYCHNOLETER JAPONICUS, new species. Female.—Length 8 mm. Black, closely, minutely punctate, opaque, with the second, third, and basal half of the fourth segment of the abdomen, red; the apical haif or more of the front femora, their tibie and tarsi, the middle tibiz, except at extreme apex, and the basal three- fourths of the hind tibiz are testaceous; the tibial spurs, joints 3 and 4 of the hind tarsi, and an annulus on the antenne (comprising joints 13 to 18), are white; the flagellum outwardly is more or less ferrugi- nous. Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins brown. Type.—Cat. No. 7250, U.S.N.M. Locality.— Sapporo (Dr. S. Matsumura). One specimen, No. 23. Tribe IV. TRY PHONINI. Genus RHIMPHALEA Forster. RHIMPHALEA DUBIA, new species. Male.—Length 4.5 mm. Black and shining, impunctate; antenne yellowish beneath, the scape black above, the flagellum dark brown above; palpi and tegule white; legs, except coxe, pulvilli and claws, and a spot at apex of hind tibize which are black, flavo-testaceous, the tibie and tarsi yellowish white, the tips of cox whitish, the hind femora reddish. Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins dark brown. NO, 1448. NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. 1838 The second and third dorsal segments of the abdomen have a transverse depression or furrow at the middle. Type.—Cat. No. 7251, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Sapporo (Dr. 8. Matsumura). One specimen, No. 24. Genus ASTHENARA Forster. ASTHENARA RUFOCINCTA, new species. Male.—Length 8.6 mm. Black and shining, with the second and third segments of the abdomen red; the cheeks, front orbits, and a spot back of eyes, a spot on each side of the middle mesothoracic lobe anteriorly, a line on the lateral margin of the lateral lobes in front of the tegule, a line beneath the tegule, the front trochanters in part and the base of the front femora, the middle trochanters, the apex of middle and the sutures of the hind trochanters are white; the front and middle tibize and tarsi yellowish; rest of the legs black; the hind legs, except the tibial spurs and the sutures of the trochanters, wholly black. Wings hyaline, or only faintly tinged, the stigma and veins brown. Type.—Cat. No. 7252, U.S.N.M. Locality. —Sapporo (Dr. $8. Matsumura). One specimen, No. 34. ‘Tribe V. BASSINI. Genus BASSUS Gravenhorst. BASSUS JAPONICUS, new species. Female.—Length 4.5 mm. Black and shining, but punctate; the palpi, mandibles, clypeus, face, inner orbits, scape and pedicel beneath, front margins of the lateral lobes of the mesonotum, scutellum, a trans- verse line on the ridge at base of the metanotum, the tegule, a spot beneath, the epitegule, the origin of veins at base of the wings, the front and middle legs, apex of hind coxe and trochanters and two- thirds of the hind tibie, except an annulus at base, are white or yel- lowish-white, the rest of the legs being black, except the front and middle femora and tibiz, which are tinged with red; the extreme apical margins of dorsal abdominal segments 5, 6, and 7 are whitish; flagel- lum black brownish at base beneath. Wings hyaline, the costal veins and stigma blackish, the internal veins brown. Type.—Cat. No. 7253, U.S.N.M. Locality. —Sapporo (Dr. 8. Matsumura). Two specimens, No. 40. Genus SYRPHOCTONUS Forster. SYRPHOCTONUS ATAMIENSIS, new species. Male.—Length about5 mm. Black; clypeus, a quadrate spot above, a triangular spot on inner orbits below the middle of the eyes, scape and pedicel of antenne and front coxe and trochanters yellowish-white. Locality.— Atami (A. Koebele). > i 184 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. ) Tribe VII. EXOCHINI. Genus EXOCHUS Gravenhorst. EXOCHUS HAKONENSIS, new species. Female.—Length 6 mm. Black and shining; the face, palpi, tegule, the basal two-thirds of the hind tibie, except an annulus at base, the tibial spurs and tarsi, except at apex, are white; the rest of the legs red. Wings hyaline, the veins and the stigma, except within, brown. Lype.—Cat. No. 7255, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Hakone (A. Koebele). Subfamily V. OPHIONIN &%. Tribe V. CAMPOPLEGINI. Genus CAMPOPLEX Gravenhorst. CAMPOPLEX HAKONENSIS, new species. Female.—Length 11mm.; ovipositor as long as the abdomen. Black, closely punctate, pubescent, opaque, the petiole alone smooth and shining; the palpi, tegule, and tibial spurs are white; scape of antennze beneath yellowish; the front legs, except cox and first joint of tro- chanters, apex of middle femora and their tibize and tarsi, and the hind tibixw behind from near base to apical third, are testaceous or reddish. Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins dark brown. Type.—Cat. No. 7256, U.S.N.M. | Locality.—Hakone (A. Koebele). | CAMPOPLEX BICOLORIPES, new species. Male.—Length 13mm. Resembles the former species, but the color of the legs and abdomen is different. The apex of the second dorsal abdominal segment and the third, fourth, and fifth segments are red; the front and middle legs, except coxe, are yellowish-white, the femora | tinged with reddish, the front coxz with a white spot at apex, the hind legs, except the tibial spurs and a narrow annulus at base of tarsi _ which are white, are entirely black. Type.—Cat. No. 7257, U.S.N.M. . . Locality.--Hakone (A. Koebele). Tribe VII BANCHINI. NAWATA, new genus. This new genus belongs to the tribe Banchinz, and in my generic table, Classification of the Ichneumon Flies, 1900, page 96, falls in next to the American genus Ceratosoma Cresson, page 97, now Cerato- gastra Ashmead, Cresson’s name being preoccupied. It agrees with this genus in the shape of the abdomen, but differs quite widely in No. 1448, NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. 185 ‘other characters: The areolet in the front wings is large and pentago- nal; the median cell is a little shorter than the submedian; the trans- verse median nervure in the hind wing is broken at its basal angle, the subdiscoidal nervure being almost interstitial with the median vein; the clypeus has a slight median sinus; the scutellum ends in a small tooth; while the claws are simple. The genus is named in honor of Mr. Y. Nawa, the well-known ento- mologist of Japan, proprietor of the entomological laboratory in Gifu, also the editor of that interesting Japanese magazine, The Insect World, and one who has done so much to stimulate entomological research throughout Japan. NAWAIA JAPONICA, new species. Plate XIV, fig. 3. Female.—Length, 11 mm. Black; the orbits, the face below anten- nx, except a median black line and a black line at base of clypeus, the mandibles, the palpi, the upper margin of pronotum, two lines on the mesonotum which curve outwardly at the anterior margin, the tegule, a spot beneath, the scutellum except the transverse furrow at base and a spot at apex inclosing the apical tooth, the postscutellum, the metathorax except a black transverse band at base, bands at apex of all the segments of the abdomen (the bands widening posteriorly so that the apical segments are almost wholly yellow), two lines on first segment, two spots at base of second, the apices of all femora and the front and middle femora beneath second joint of trochanters, most of middle tibiz except a spot at base and a stripe behind, a large spot on hind coxe behind, and an annulus on the hind tibie before the middle, all yellow. Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins brown-black. Type.—Cat. No. 7259, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Gitu. Described from two specimens, No. 47, received from Mr. Y. Nawa. Tribe IX. PORIZONINI. Genus TEMELUCHA Forster. TEMELUCHA JAPONICA, new species. Female.—Length 7.5 to 8 mm. Head yellowish, with the occiput and a spot on vertex inclosing the ocelli black; the eyes brown; the thorax brownish yellow, with a large oblong spot on the middle of the mesonotum anteriorly, the furrow across base of the abdomen, and an oblong spot at base of the metanotum black; the front and middle coxe and trochanters, and the basis of the tarsi are yellowish white; tips of hind tibie and the three last joints of tarsi are black; abdomen brownish yellow, the petiole basally, blotches at base of the second 186 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. and third segments, and the sheaths of the ovipositor being black. Wings hyaline, the stigma light brown. Type.—Cat. No. 7260, U.S.N.M. Locality.—_Swatow, China, and Japan (Mr. A. Koebele). Dribe Xx PRISDLOMEE RUIN: Genus PRISTOMERUS Holmgren. PRISTOMERUS CHINENSIS, new species. Female.—Lenegth 6.5 mm.; ovipositor nearly as long as the abdo- men. Black; the mandibles, except teeth, and the tegule are white; the clypeus, the two basal joints of antenne, the ridge of the pro- sternum, the hind angles of the pronotum, the legs, except hind cox and the apex of the hind tibie, which are blackish, and the abdomen, except most of the petiole above, the second dorsal segment, most of the third dorsal segment, and the sheaths of the ovipositor, which are black, are testaceous. Wings hyaline. Type.—Cat. No. 7261, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Swatow, China (Mr. A. Koebele). (Sribe la. Peeve eCaiIScrmni: Genus ATELEUTE Forster. ATELEUTE PALLIDIPES, new species. Male.—Length 2.5 mm. Black and shining, the two basal joints of the antennee, the second with a pale annulus at apex, and the abdomen toward apex of the first segment and on the second, with a rufo- peceoris tinge; flagellum brown-black, with short hairs; legs flavo- testaceous, the front and middle cox and trochanters paler yellowish; all the tarsi are very long, longer than their tibie. The abdomen is long, much longer than the head and thorax united, slender and depressed, the sides nearly parallel. Wings hyaline, the stigma — and costal vein brown, the internal veins paler. Type.—Cat. No. 7262, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Japan (A. Koebele). Family LXXVI. ALYSID. Genus PHAZ:NOCARPA FoOrster. PHAENOCARPA FORMOSZ, new species. Male.—Length 2.1mm. Brownish yellow, the head paler yellow- ish, the metathorax and the abdomen darker brown; eyes dark brown; | clypeus, tegule, front cox and trochanters, the middle coxe at apex and the first joint of their trochanters, and the first joint of hind trochanters, white; rest of legs and the first two joints of the antenne | bi NO. 1448. NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. 187 pale yellowish, the flagellum brown, ‘becoming blackish toward apex. Wings hyaline, the stigma and basal nervure brown, the other veins pale. Type.—Cat. No. 7263, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Formosa (A. Koebele). Genus KAHLIA Ashmead. KAHLIA SECUNDA, new species. Female.—Length 4.5 mm. Black and shining; mandibles red with black teeth; palpi, tegule, and more or less of the trochanters yellow- ish-white; rest of legs mostly testaceous, the tips of hind femora, apical third of hind tibix and basal two joints of hind tarsi except at tips, dark brownish or fuscous; wings hyaline, the veins blackish, the lanceolate stigma, mostly rufous or testaceous within, the stigmal vein originating near its apex and extending to the apical margin of the wing, making the marginal cell very large. Type.—Cat. No. 7264, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Sapporo (Doctor Matsumura). Family LX XVIII. BRACONID A. Subtamily I. APHIDIIN 4. Genus BPHEDRUS Haliday. EPHEDRUS JAPONICUS, new species. Female.—Length 1.6 to 2 mm. Polished black; mandibles, palpi ‘and legs honey-yellow, the hind cox dusky basally; abdomen mostly -black, but more or less brownish piceous toward base, the petiole ‘sometimes yellow and about three times as long as wide. Antenne -11-jointed, black, the first two joints more or less testaceous, the third ‘with a yellow annulus at base, about four times as long as thick. | Wings hyaline, the venation brownish, the recurrent nervure joining ithe second cubital cell just behind the first transverse cubitus. Male.—Ditters from the female in having the antenne longer, 16-jointed, the flagellar joints being not much more than twice as long as thick; the hind femora and tibiz, except at base, are rufo-piceous; while the abdominal petiole is black. Type.—Cat. No. 7265, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Gifu (Y. Nawa). One male and 9 female specimens bred from an Aphis. Genus ACLITUS Forster. This genus has not been recognized since it was briefly characterized ‘by Doctor Forster in 1862. I have recognized all of Forster’s genera, ‘although Rey. T. A. Marshall ignores them and has apparently “lumped” them all under Aphidius Nees and 7rvowys Haliday. This genus is closely allied to Aphidius Nees, but differs decidedly > q 188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX, = _ ———___— e in several particulars. The radius is always s much longer, the parap- sidal furrows distinet, the metathorax emarginate behind, the second dorsal abdominal segment is very large, while the sheaths of the ovipositor are broad and compressed. ACLITUS NAWAITI, new species. Plate XV, fig. 3. Female.—Length, 5.1 mm. Black, with the face, the orbits, the scutellum, the base of abdomen, the extreme apex of the long petiole, an Oblique spot on the sides of the second segment and the sheaths of the ovipositor, testaceous; legs testaceous, the middle and hind femora tibix and tarsi darker or brownish. The antenne are filiform, 24 jointed, the scape oval, large and stout, the pedicel much narrower, wider than long, the flagellum gently tapering off toward apex, the joints not more than twice as long as thick. The head and thorax are smooth and shining, the parapsidal furrows are punctate and meet) posteriorly before attaining the base of the scutellum, the lateral lobes being shagreened anteriorly; the metathorax is rugulose, deeply emarginate behind, and with a median carina, which is forked at apex. The abdomen is lanceolate and terminates in a broad, compressed ovipositor, the length of the basal joint of the hind tarsi; the petiole is long, gradually dilated posteriorly and longitudinally striated. Male.—Length 4.5mm. Agrees fairly well with the female, except. that the abdomen is clavate, entirely black, except the suture between the tirst and second segments, while the antenne are 30-jointed. | Type.—Cat. No. 7266, U.S.N.M. Locality. —Gifu (Y. Nawa). One male and 2 female specimens) were sent, bred from a large Aphis, which, judging from the dry pupa’ skins, I identitied as a species of Lachnus, or certainly a genus in the subfamily Lachnine. Genus APHIDIUS Nees. APHIDIUS GIFUENSIS, new species. i Female.—Length 2.5 mm. Head and thorax above, ‘except the scutellum laterally and the metathorax, polished black, rest of thorax) testaceous; abdomen long lanceolate, piceous, the petiole yellowish, the incisions of the segments yellow or testaceous, or sometimes yel- low, with dusky transverse marks on segments 2 to 6; legs, including all cox, honey-yellow; antenne long, 17-jointed, the first two joints and base of the third, yellow, rest of the joints brown-black, joints 3 to 16 about equal i n length, nearly three times as long as thick. Wings hyaline, the esta and the veins, except the basal nervure, brown, the basal nervure black. Type.—Cat. No. 7267, U.S.N.M. Locality. —Gifu (Y. Nawa). Two specimens bred from an unknow: Aphis. NEW JAPANESE ITYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. 189 ‘ E) Kemale.--Length 4.8 mm. Head, sutures of scutellum, the meta- thorax and abdomen, except the petiole beneath and the apex of the second segment, black and shining, rest of thorax and the legs, except the two last joints of tarsi which are dusky, yellow. The antenne are long, filiform, 22-jointed, the first two joints more or less yellow- ish, the following joints black or brown-black; joints 6 to 21 only about twice as long as thick, joints 3 to 5a little longer. Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins light brownish, the basal nervure blackish. , Male.—Length 4 mm. Agrees well with the female, except that , the mesothoracic lobes are sometimes dusky, the antenne longer, 24- jointed, while the abdomen beneath, the basal half of the third dorsal segment, and sometimes the sutures 4 and 5 are yellow. Type.-_Cat. No. 7268, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Gifu (Y. Nawa). One female and 3 male specimens bred from an Aphis. APHIDIUS JAPONICUS, new species. APHIDIUS LACHNIVORUS, new species. Male.—Length 3.6 mm. Black and shining; the mesonotal furrows are more or less distinct, the surface on each side, especially pos- teriorly, opaquely roughened, while between them is a more or less distinct median furrow. The antennx are long, 26-jointed, the joints , of the flagellum at least twice as long as thick; legs testaceous, the hind cox# and femora black, the hind tibie, except at base, fuscous; the metanotum has a transverse carina bounding the truncature, but is not areolated, and there is a median furrow extending from the scu- _ tellum to the carina. The abdomen is elongate, shining black, except _a yellow spot at the apex of the second dorsal segment; the first seg- ment alone is faintly aciculated basally. Type.—Cat. No. 7269, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Nikko (A. Koebele). One specimen labeled from Lachnus sp. on Larch. APHIDIUS AREOLATUS, new species. Female.—Length 2 mm. Polished black without parapsidal fur- -Tows, the metathorax with five distinct areas, the areola or middle one, ‘diamond shaped. The antenne are 13-jointed, the first joint of the ‘flagellum about thrice as long as thick, a little longer than the second, ‘the following very gradually decreasing in length, the pennltiarate Joint being only a little longer than thiek. the last, or club joint, large, ovate, longer than the first; legs brownish yellow, the incision of the Joints paler; abdomen lanceolate, longer than the head and thorax united, black, except,the base and apex of the petiole and a a spot at apex of the second segment which are yellowish; the petiole is sha- “greened or roughened, otherwise the abdomen is smooth and shining; ‘Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins light brown. 190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. Male.—Agrees in color with the female, but differs in having the antenne longer, 19-jointed, the joints of the flagellum being fully twice as long as thick, or even a little longer. Type.—Cat. No. 7270, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Japan. Described from 2 female and 5 male specimens, labeled No. 1268, and bred by Mr. Albert Koebele from an unknown Aphis. Genus LYSIPHLEBUS Forster. LYSIPHLEBUS JAPONICUS, new species. Female. -Length 2mm. Head, dorsum of mesonotum, the scutel- lums, and the dorsum of the abdomen, except the petiole and suture 2, and sometimes one or two of the other sutures, black; basal 3 or 4 joints of the antenne, the legs, and the abdomen, except as noted, yellow. The antenne are 13-jointed, black or brown, black from the fifth joint; joints 3 to 6 are about thrice as long as thick, those beyond a little shorter. Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins light brownish. Male.—Agrees well with the female, except that the antenne re longer, 17-jointed, and brown-black, except the first two joints; the base of the second dorsal abdominal segment, as well as the petiole, is yellow. Type.—Cat. No. 7271, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Gifu (Y. Nawa). Three specimens, 2 females and 1 male, bred from an unknown Aphis. Subfamily IV. METHORIN 2%. Genus METEORUS Haliday. METEORUS JAPONICUS, new species. Female. same, and the metathorax entirely, which are black, brownish-yellow; abdomen black, the second segment brownish-yellow; legs yellowish. The antenne are long, about 30-jointed, brown, the 4 or 5 basal joints of the flagellum being about four times as long as thick. Wings hya- line, the veins light brown, the costal vein and the stigma within blackish. The first segment of the abdomen is longitudinally striate, the others smooth and shining, the ovipositer about two-thirds the — length of the abdomen. Type.—Cat. No. 7272, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Gitu (Y. Nawa). Three female specimens, No. 53, evi- dently bred from a Lepidopteron. Length 4.4 mm. Head, except the stemmaticum, and the — thorax, except the parapsidal furrows, the depression in front of the scutellum, the fovez at base of the scutellum, the sutures surrounding | é : | _ No. 1448. NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. 19 Subfamily V. MACROCHNTRIN 2. Genus MACROCENTRUS Curtis. MACROCENTRUS GIFUENSIS, new species. Female.—Length +.5 mm.; ovipositor longer than the whole insect. Head black; thorax brownish-yellow, the metathorax dusky or brown- ish; abdomen above brown or blackish, sometimes paler at the sutures, variable, the first, second, and third segments longitudinally striated; antenne very long, brownish-yellow, becoming dusky toward apex, 40 or more jointed, the joints dusky at apex, appearing annulated; legs, including coxve, yellow. Wings hyaline, the veins brownish, the stigma with a large dark brown blotch within. Type.—Cat. No. 7274, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Gifu (Y. Nawa). Two specimens. Subfamily IX. CHHLONIN 2%. Genus PHANEROTOMA Wesmael. PHANEROTOMA FLAVA, new species. — Female.—Length 7 mm. Uniformly brownish-yellow; eyes and ocelli black; apical halt, or nearly, of the wings smoky, the basal half hyaline; antenne longer than the body, brown-black, the flagellar ‘joints long, about five times as long as thick. The wings have the coste to the parastigma, the median and submedian veins, and the basal and recurrent nervures yellow, the rest of the veins, with the parastigma and stigma being black. Type.—Cat. No. 7276, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Japan (A. Koebele). This is one of the largest species yet discovered in the genus. | Genus ASCOGASTER Wesmael. ’ ASCOGASTER ATAMIENSIS, new species. Female.—Length 4 mm. Black, subopaquely punctate, with a / Sparse whitish pubescence, the base of the abdomen with elevated, longitudinal lines, the palpi pale, the two basal joints of the antenne ,and the legs, except the cox, tips of hind tibiz and more or less of the middle and hind tarsi, except basal joint, which are black, or dark _fuscous, are ferruginous, the flagellum brown becoming dusky toward apex. Wings hyaline, the parastigma and stigma dark brown, the Veins testaceous, tinged with brown. Type.—Cat. No. 7275, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Atami (A. Koebele). 192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 9 Subfamily XII. MICROGASTERIN 4. Genus GLYPTAPANTELES Ashmead. GLYPTAPANTELES POLITUS, new species. Female.—Length 3 mm. Black, shining, and impunctate, except some sparse, faint punctures on the thorax anteriorly; the antenne are longer than the body, black or brown-black, except the scape, which is more or less brownish-yellow basally and beneath; ocelli honey-yellow; the legs, except the hind cox and the abdomen at sides and beneath, are yellow; the metathorax is smooth, without a median carina; the abdomen is smooth, shining, and impunctate, the plate of the first segment is narrowed toward apex and about two and one-half times as long as wide at base, the second segment is a little shorter than the third, with two oblique grooved furrows that con- verge anteriorly. Wings hyaline, the stigma blackish, the veins, except the coste toward apex, pale. Male.—Length 2.5 mm. Antenne wholly black, the apex of hind femora and tibiz fuscous, their tarsi subfuscous, the thorax anteriorly more distinctly finely punctured, the metathorax finely wrinkled; otherwise similar to the female. Type.—Cat. No. 7278, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Gitu (N. Nawa). Three specimens, No. 56. GLYPTAPANTELES MINOR, new species. Female.—Length 2mm. Agrees well with G. politus, except that it is smaller with the antennal scape, except narrowly at apex, and the pedicel yellow, the stigma and stigmal vein brown, the three ter- minal ventral segments black or piceous, while the hind tibiz are fuscous at apex. Type.—Cat. No. 7279, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Gifu (N. Nawa). Four specimens, No. 57. GLYPTAPANTELES FEMORATUS, new species. * Male.—Length 1.8 mm. Black and shining; legs brown-black, with the front legs, apex of middle femora and their tibize and tarsi, and the basal third of hind tibix, yellow, the hind tarsi subfuscous, more or less yellowish beneath; antenne black, longer than the body, the first joint of the flagellum about two and one-half times as long as thick, shorter than the second or third, but stouter; the abdomen is smooth and shining, with the first and second ventral segments yellow; the plate of the first dorsal segment has the hind angles rounded; the second segment is a little shorter than the third and has two converging grooved lines from its basal middle. Type.—Cat. No. 7280, U.S.N.M. Locality. —Gitu (N. Nawa). Two specimens, No, 59, No. 1448. NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. 193 GLYPTAPANTELES (APANTELES) JAPONICUS, new species (Ashmead). - Female.—Length, 2.8 to3 mm. Black, shining; face, thorax, and hind coxe very finely punctulate; head above and posteriorly polished, ‘impunctate; labrum and mandibles honey-yellow; palpi white; scape, pedicel, tegule and legs, except hind coxe which are black, brownish- yellow; flagellum black or brown-black. Wings hyaline, the stigma and subcostal vein brown, other veins pallid. Metathorax smooth without areas or carine. Abdomen beneath, except the large plow- share shaped ventral valve, and the lateral margins of dorsal segments 1-5 brownish-yellow or ferruginous; the plate of first segment lance- olate, more than three times as long as wide, gradually narrows toward apex; second segment shorter than the third, with two oblique impressed lines; plate and all segments smooth, impunctate. Male.—Length, 2.2 to 2.5mm. Agrees well with female in colora- tional detail, but the antennz are much longer than the body, the abdomen is smaller and shorter, while the second abdominal segment is about twice as long as the third. Type.—Cat. No. 3457, U.S.N.M. Described from many specimens in National Museum, Acc. No. 23417, received July 30, 1890, from Rey. H. Loomis, of Yokohama, Japan, who bred them from the larva of Ocneria dispar, and from many additional specimens received by Dr. L. O. Howard from Prof. A. H. Kirkland, who also received them from Rey. H. Loomis. The species belongs in Marshall’s Section IV, of Apanteles, and comes very close to two European species—Apanteles vitripennis Cur- tis and A. fulvipes Haliday, from both of which it is readily distin- guished by the impunctate metanotum, the difference in the plate of the first abdominal segment, by having the first and second segments smooth, not aciculated, and by the venter being entirely brownish- yellow. GLYPTAPANTELES NAWAII, new species. Female. —Length,2mm. Black and shining, but with the head and thorax finely punctulate, the scutellum polished, impunctate, the meta- thorax finely rugulose, with a median carina. The antenne are about as long as the body and black; legs brownish-yellow, the hind coxe black, the front and middle cox usually with a slight fuscous spot at base only, the hind femora at extreme apex and the tips of their tibiz faintly fuscous. The abdomen is black and shining, except ventral segments 1 and 2 which are yellowish; the plate of the first dorsal seg- ment and the second segment are finely sculptured; the plate of the first is about two and one-half times as long as wide, a little wider at apex than at base; the second segment is shorter than the third with a Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06. 13 194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.. VOL. XXX. median ridge, rest of the segments smooth, polished. Wings hyaline, the stigma and first branch of the radius brown-black, the other veins light brownish. Male.—Agrees with the female, except that the antenne are some- what longer, the front and middle coxe wholly yellow, while the second dorsal segment of the abdomen is much shorter, or only about half as long as the third. Type.—Cat. No. 7281, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Gifu (N. Nawa). Three specimens labeled No. 54. Genus MICROPLITIS Forster. MICROPLITIS ATAMIENSIS, new species. Male.—Length,?2.5mm. Black, closely punctate and pubescent, the head above on the vertex smooth and shining, the occiput closely pune- tulate; ocelli pale yellowish; antenn, except the minute pedicel, entirely black; legs mostly brownish-yellow, but with all coxe, the first joint of all trochanters, a spot at base of front femora, the basal half of middle femora, the hind femora entirely, the apical third or more of hind tibie, and the hind tarsi black; basal two-thirds of wings sub- fuscous, the apical third and a fascia extending across from the para- stigma hyaline, the stigma and veins dark brown. Abdomen, except the first segment, which is rugose-punctate, smooth and shining. Type.—Cat. No. 7285, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Atami (A. Koebele). One specimen. MICROPLITIS SAPPOROENSIS, new species. Female.—Length, 4mm. Black, closely punctate and pubescent, the head smooth and shining on vertex, rather densely clothed with a fine whitish pubescence in front; palpi pale; clypeus, mandibles, and legs, except the hind cox, a spot at apex of hind femora, and most of the hind tarsi brownish- yellow; the hind coxze, a spot at apex of hind tibie, and the hind tarsi, except base of the first joint, black; ventral seg- ments 1 and 2 and base of 3, yellow; the abdomen, except the first seg- ment, which is sparsely, finely punctate, is smooth, shining, and im- punctate. Wings hyaline, the parastigma, the stigma, except the basal half, and the internal veins brownish or fuscous; the basal half, or nearly, of the stigma and the longitudinal veins before the basal nervure yellowish. Type.—Cat. No. 7285, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Sapporo (Doctor Matsumura). One female specimen, labeled No. 39. i ) |} No. 1448. NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEA Dz 195 Subfamily XV. BRACONIN 2. Genus MELANOBRACON Ashmead. MELANOBRACON TIBIALIS, new species. Female.—Length, 7 to 7.5 mm.; ovipositor about two-thirds the length of the abdomen. Brownish-yellow, smooth, and shining; head quadrate, the eyes large, brown-black; the antenne, except the two basal joints, joints 2 to 5 of middle tarsi, and the hind tibie and tarsi, except a pale annulus at base of tibie, are black. Wings subhyaline, or slightly smoky, with the stigma and veins, except the submedian vein, entirely, and the costal and subcostal veins at base, which are yellow, are black. The abdomen has a longitudinal furrow each side of the first and second dorsal segments, and also on the second a tri- angular elevation from its base, while the suture between the second and third segments is rather deep. Type.—Cat. No. 7287, U.S.N.M. Locatity.—Giftu (Y. Nawa). Three specimens, labeled No. 49. Genus MACRODYCTIUM Ashmead. MACRODYCTIUM FLAVIPES, new species. Female.—Length, 3.5 mm.; ovipositor about as long as the abdomen. Polished black; the first two joints of the antennz, a small annulus at the base of the third joint, and the legs, except the last joint of the front and middle tarsi, the extreme apex of hind tibiw, and the hind tarsi, which are fuscous, are yellowish, or brownish-yellow; the second abdominal segment is longitudinally striate on each side of the tri- angular ridge or plate at base. Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins brown, the tegule and the longitudinal veins basally pale yellowish. Type.—Cat. No. 7288, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Sapporo (Doctor Matsumura). One specimen, labeled No. 32. Genus CHELONOGASTRA ASHMEAD. CHELONOGASTRA KOEBELEI, new species. Plate XIV, fig. 3. Female.—Length 5.5 to 6 mm.; ovipositor from a half to two-thirds the length of the abdomen. Black, the head and thorax smooth and Shining, the abdomen opaque, concave beneath as in Chelonus Jurine, the first three segments coarsely regulose, the second and third closely united and occupying most of the surface of the abdomen, the fourth and fifth seements very short, shagreened. The head as viewed from above is obtrapezoidal, the face sparsely punctate, pubescent, the eyes 196 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. hairy. Wings fuliginous, the stigma and veins brown-black, the vena- tion as in Bracon Fabricius. Type.—Cat. No. 7287, U.S.N.M. Locality. —Atami (A. Koebele). Many specimens. CHELONOGASTRA PLEURALIS, new species. Female.—Length 3 to 3.5 mm.; ovipositor about the length of the abdomen. Brownish-yellow; the stemmaticum, the eyes, the occiput more or less, the crenulate furrow at base of scutellum, the sutures of same, sometimes the disks of the mesothoracic lobes but not always, the mesopleura, the metathorax, and usually the disks (and sometimes the greater part except laterally) of the first, second, and third abdomi- nal segments, and spots at the extreme lateral margins of the fourth and fifth segments black; the hind coxe, the femora, except at both ends, the tibie, except at base, and the tarsi, are black, or dark fuscous. Wings subfuscous, the veins brownish, the stigma somewhat pale within. Abdomen sculptured much as in previous species. Type.—Cat. No. 7290, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Atami (A. Koebele). Many specimens. Genus MICROBRACON Ashmead. MICROBRACON JAPELLUS, new species. Female.—Length 2.5 mm.; ovipositor about as long as the abdo- men. Brownish-yellow, smooth and shining; eyes, the metathorax above, the first segment of abdomen, a median stripe on the second, and the disks of the fourth and fifth, more or less, black; antenne brown, the pedicel yellowish; legs wholly yellowish, immaculate. Wings hyaline, with a grayish tinge, the veins and stigma, except along the outer margin, yellowish. Type.—Cat. No. 7291, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Sapporo (Doctor Matsumura). One specimen, labeled No. 36. Genus EUUROBRACON Ashmead. EUUROBRACON PENETRATOR (Smith.) Plate XV, figs. 1, 2. Bracon penetrator Smiru, Proc. Zool. Soc., London, 1877, p. 413, female. Bracon yokohamx Dauua Torre, Cat. Hym., TV, 1898, p. 295. Euurobracon penetrator ASHMEAD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XIII, 1900, p. 140. Male.—Length 19 mm. Flavo-ferruginous, the head a little paler; legs yellow, the hind pair, except coxe and trochanters, black or black- ish; antenne black; wings yellowish hyaline, the apical margins broadly fuliginous, the front pair with a spot inclosing the basal NO. 1448. NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. POG nervure, a spot at base of marginal cell, and a spot in the second dis- coidal cell black. Type.—Male. Cat. No. 7292, U.S:N.M. Locality.—Japan (Doctor Mitsukuri). Genus ZAGLYPTOGASTRA Ashmead. This genus was characterized briefly in my Classification of the Ichneumon Flies, 1900, page 137, where I placed it next to /phiaulaw Forster on account of similarity of the structure of the head, thorax, and abdomen, but it really belongs to my tribe Huwrobraconin?, as the submedian cell in the front wings is longer than the median: ZAGLYPTOGASTRA ABBOTTII, new species. Plate XV, fig. 4. Female.—Length about 18 mm.; ovipositor 17 mm. Uniformly brownish yellow, the eyes and the flagellum brown-black, the sheaths of the ovipositor black, the wings yellowish hyaline, with a black spot at the origin of the radius, and the tips of the hind wings dusky. The head and thorax are highly polished impunctate, the forehead concave, the scape fully thrice as long as thick, truncate at apex and slightly narrowed and rounded at base, originating from a distinct pedicellus, the tarsi longer than their tibiz, the abdomen strongly sculptured as in figure. Type.—Cat. No. 8299, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Trong, Lower Siam (Dr. W. L. Abbott). Family XVI. RHOGADIN 2. Tribe I. KXOTHECINI. Genus XENOBIUS Forster. XENOBIUS ALBIPES, new species. Female.—Length 2 mm.; ovipositor hardly one-third the length of the abdomen. Light brownish-yellow, smooth and shining, except on the metathorax, the eyes, the dorsum of the metathorax, and the extreme base of the first abdominal segment being black; the antenne are brownish, as long as the body, 22 or 23 jointed; palpi, tegule and legs ivory-white. Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins, except the median vein toward apex, and the basal nervure, pallid. Male.—Length 1.5mm. Agrees in every respect with the female, except the antenne are a little longer and darker, with more joints, the abdomen smaller, and with the second segment whitish. Type.—Cat. No. 7293, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Atami (A. Koebele). es + im 198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. Tribe III. RHOGADINI. Genus HETEROGAMUS Weemael. HETEROGAMUS FASCIATIPENNIS, new species. Female.—Length 6 mm. Dark brown, rugoso-punctate, opaque, the thorax above, except the scutellum, blackish, the mesosternum, the third abdominal segment and segments beyond, less coarsely punctured, the first and second segments with a median longitudinal carina, subequal in length and much longer than the third; eyes black; palpi fuscous, the sutures of the jointsand the last joint paler; antenne and legs brown- ish-yellow, the last tarsal joint black. Wings fuscous with a whitish or hyaline band across from the stigma, the stigma, except at apex, pale yellowish, the other veins dark fuscous; second cubstal cell hardly longer than wide. The abdomen is considerably longer than the head and thorax united, gradually narrowed toward the base; the third segment, which is the widest and much wider than long, is almost twice as wide as the first segment at base, the first being more than twice as long as wide anda little longer than the second. The antenne are broken off from the third joint, but were probably long and slender. Type.—Cat. No. 7294, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Sapporo (Doctor Matsumara). One specimen, labeled No. 16. HETEROGAMUS THORACICUS, new species. Female.—Length 5.5 mm. Head and abdomen, except the venter, black; the clypeus, malar space and the thorax, except a dark stripe on the middle of the pronotum in the depression extending from in front of the tegule anteriorly, and the apex of the metathorax above, which are dusky, are light brownish-yellow; palpi white; legs, except the last joint of the tarsi, pale yellowish. Wings hyaline, the stigma and submedian vein yellow, the other veins fuscous; second cubital cell only about one-third longer than wide at base. Type.—Cat. No. 7295, U.S.N.M. Locality. —Sapporo (Dr. 8. Matsumara). One specimen, labeled No. 25. Genus RHOGAS Nees. RHOGAS FUSCOMACULATUS, new species. Female.—Length 3.5 to4mm. Ground color brownish-yellow; a large spot on face below insertion of antennze, a ‘spot inclosing the ocelli, the lateral mesothoracic lobes anteriorly, the disk of the middle lobe posteriorly, the upper half of the mesopleura, the metathorax, and the abdomen above, except a spot at apex of first segment medially, a large band down the center of the second, and a spot at the basal No. 1448. NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. tbh middle of the third, are fuscous; the antenne are brown, darker toward apex; the flagellar joints after the first about twice as long as thick, the first joint being nearly thrice as long as thick; legs, includ- ing coxe, uniformly brownish-yellow. Wings hyaline; the stigma, except at apex within, from the origin of the cubitus, and the veins, yellow, the basal nervure more or less dusky; the second cubital cell is nearly twice as long as wide at base, a little narrower at apex than at base, the second transverse cubitus being whitish and distinctly shorter than the first. Type.—Cat. No.-7296, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Sapporo (Dr. S$. Matsumara). One specimen, labeled No. 13. RHOGAS JAPONICUS, new species. Male and female.—Length 5.5 to 6 mm. Brownish-yellow; eyes, brown-black; a spot between ocelli; the disk of metathorax, the disk of first abdominal segment, more or less, and one or two spots toward apex of the abdomen, black; the antenne are very long, slender, becoming more or less fuscous toward apex, yellowish basally for more than half their length, the joints of the flagellum about three times as long as thick. Wings hyaline, the veins and stigma mostly yellow, the latter, however, with a large spot toward apex, and the basal nervure and the first abscissa of the radius, fuscous. The male is the smaller and differs from the female in having no fuscous spots at apex of abdomen, and in having the stigma of the front wings nearly wholly yellow; with only a trace of the fuscous spot at apex. Type.—Cat. No. 7297, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Gifu (Y. Nawa). Three specimens, labeled No. 51. eto e Ne (OOER Wie orrENI: Genus ISCHIOGONUS Wesmael. ISCHIOGONUS HAKONENSIS, new species. Female.—Length, 7 mm.; ovipositor about as long as the abdomen. Black and shining; the hind orbits, a spot before insertion of each antenna, the cheeks, the mandibles, except teeth, the last segment of abdomen, and the legs, except a black spot at apex of all femora, the middle and hind tibize toward apex, and the tarsi, which are fuscous, are brownish-yellow; the palpi and tegule are yellowish-white; the -antenne are brown-black, with the scape reddish-brown beneath, the small ring-joint yellowish. Wings subfuscous, the veins black or brown-black, the stigma brownish-yellow, paler at base. The thorax is distinctly trilobedy the middle lobe short with a median furrow, the depression on the middle lobe posteriorly and on the lateral lobes in front of the scutellum is rugulose, the prothorax at the sides has some 200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX, raised lines, the mesopleura polished with a median depression, while the metathorax is rugulose, with two large smooth areas at base. The abdomen has the first segment and the second to the first transverse impressed line, rather coarsely longitudinally striated, the rest of the abdomen being smooth. Type.—Cat. No. 7298, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Hakone (A. Koebele). One specimen. Subfamily XVIL. SPATHIIN 24%. Tribe II. HORMIINI. .- Genus CHREMYLUS Haliday. CHREMYLUS JAPONICUS, new species. Female.—Length 1 mm. Head black, shining, the thorax and last four joints of the antenne brown-black, opaque, the abdomen with a reddish tinge, the rest of the antenne and the legs pale yellowish. The metathorax is areolated, the upper hind angles briefly toothed, the areola lozengoidal, petiolate at base. Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins brown. Type.—Cat. No. 7299, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Atami (A. Koebele). One specimen. ACANTHORMIUS, new genus. This interesting new genus may be inserted in my table of genera, Classification of the Ichneumen Flies, 1900, page 148, as follows: 4. Subdiscoidal nervure interstitial. Recurrent neryure received by the second cubital cell. Abdomen normal, with at least 6 segments, not longitudinally striated. Hormius Nees. Abdomen abnormal, with only 3 segments, all longitudinally striated, the third with the hind angles produced into long, acute spines, nearly the length of the ovipositor (female) ..........----2 Acanthormius, new genus. ACANTHORMIUS JAPONICUS, new species. Female.—Length, 1.8 mm.; ovipositor about one-third the length of the abdomen. Head and thorax pale brownish, the abdomen dark brown above, longitudinally striated, beneath pale yellowish; head smooth and shining, brownish yellow; palpi, tegule, coxze, and tro- chanters whitish or yellowish white; rest of legs pale yellowish; meta- thorax areolated. Type.—Cat. No. 7300, U.S.N.M. Locality.—Hakone, (A. Koebele). One specimen. i gle Mewigh SN uN ciel tee aes MARS mas -— i ee é EXPLANATION OF PLATES. PLATE XIL. . Matsumuraius grandis Ashmead, male. . Rhexidermus japonicus Ashmead, female. . Proterocryptus nawati Ashmead, female. Prate XIII. . Hemiephialtes glyptus Ashmead, female. . Apechthis orbitalis Ashmead, female. . Nesopimpla naranye Ashmead, female. PyatTE XIV. . Calliclisis incerta Ashmead, male. . Nawaia japonica Ashmead, female. . Chelonogastra koebelei Ashmead, female. PLATE XY. . Euurobracon penetrator (Smith), female. . Euurobracon penetrator (Smith), male. . Aclitus nawaii Ashmead, female. . Zaglyptogastra abbottii Ashmead, female. NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD,. 201 PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XII U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 7 i. Y Sf SS— jaa : Li NAA WF \ NA \ Co Ee S| ces B N \ ; New JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 201. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XIII NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 201. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XIV NEw JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 201. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XV New JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 201. THE OSTEOLOGY OF SINOPA, A CREODONT MAMMAL OF THE MIDDLE EOCENE. By Witu1am DILLER MatTruew, Of the American Museum of Natural History. [INTE R© DU CilO nN: During the summer of 1902 the writer, assisted by Mr. Walter Granger, spent some weeks in the Bridger basin in southwestern Wyoming, with the object of determining faunal levels in the Bridger formation. This work was undertaken under the auspices of the U.S. Geological Survey and under direction of Prof. H. F. Osborn, palae- ontologist of the Survey. Although collecting was not the principal object of the expedition, a number of fossils were secured, among which the most important was the finely preserved and nearly complete skele- ton of Sinopa, found by Mr. Granger. The specimen was extracted from the matrix by Mr. Charles Christman and very skillfully pre- pared for mounting by Mr. Albert Thomson, both of the American Museum of Natural History. I owe the privilege of describing this rare specimen, which is one of the most perfect fossil skeletons ever discovered in an Kocene formation, to the courtesy of Dr. G. P. Merrill, Head Curator of Geology of the National Museum, and of my honored teacher and friend, Professor Osborn. The genus Stnopa was the first carnivore to be described from the Kocene of this continent. It is the most abundant and characteristic creodont in the Bridger formation and is represented by a number of well-detined species in the Lower and Middle Eocene of North America. It has also been found in the Egerkingen beds of Switzerland, probably Middle Eocene, along with the related genus Proviverra. It is not known to occur in any Upper Eocene beds either in Europe or America, but in the Phosphorites of France, of approximately Lower Oligocene age, the closely allied genus Cynohyenodon is quite common. a = — — PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No. 1449. 203 204 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, i LIST OF SPECIES OF SINOPA AND ALLIED GENERZ [The names and dates are those of the original description. Indeterminate species are placed in | brackets. ] | 1862. Proviverra typica Ritimeyer. Egerkingen beds, Switzerland. June 21, 1871. [Triacodon fallax Marsh.] Bridger formation, Wyoming. July 11, 1871. Sinopa rapax Leidy. Bridger formation, Wyoming. July 29, 1872. [Triacodon aculeatus Cope.] Bridger formation, Wyoming. Aug. 3, 1872. Stypolophus pungens Cope. Bridger formation, Wyoming. Aug. 7, 1872. Limnocyon agilis Marsh. Bridger formation, Wyoming. Aug. 7, 1872. Stypolophus brevicalcaratus Cope. Bridger formation, Wyoming. Aug. 7, 1872. [Stypolophus insectiworus Cope.] Bridger formation, Wyoming. Aug. 7, 1872. [Triacodon grandis Marsh.] Bridger formation, Wyoming. Aug. 7, 1872. [Triacodon nanus Marsh.] Bridger formation, Wyoming. 1873. Cynohyxnodon cayluxi Filhol. Phosphorites, France. 1873. Cynohyenodon minor Filhol. Phosphorites, France. 1874. Prototomus viverrinus Cope. Wasatch formation, New Mexico. 1875. Prototomus secundarius Cope. Wasatch formation, New Mexico. 1875. Prototomus multicuspis Cope. Wasatch formation, New Mexico. 1875. Prototomus strenwus Cope. Wasatch formation, New Mexico. 1877. Stypolophus hians Cope. Wasatch formation, New Mexico. 1882. Stypolophus whitize Cope. Wind River formation, Wyoming. 1892. [ Proviverra americana Scott.] Bridger formation, Wyoming. 1901. Sinopa opisthotoma Matthew. Wasatch formation, Wyoming. 1902. Sinopa major Wortman. Bridger formation, Wyoming. 1902. Sinopa minor Wortman. Bridger formation; Wyoming. Sinopa grangeri infra. Bridger formation, Wyoming. HISTORY AND NOMENCLATURE. Proviverra Riitimeyer, type P. typica, was the first genus described. It was based upon the anterior part of a skull in fairly good preserya- tion. The additional material referred to this genus is very incom- | plete and its identification doubtful. | Sinopa Leidy, type S. rapax, was based upon an incomplete lower jaw. ‘The first mention of the genus includes about a half a page of — description and the type was figured two years later. This specimen has since been mislaid, but Leidy’s excellent figures enable us to identify more complete specimens in the American Museum collee- tions and differentiate the genus from Proviverra. The skeleton described in this article represents a new species of Sénopa. SS. opis- | thotoma Matthew also belongs here but is subgenerically distinct. | Triacodon Marsh, type 7. fallax, described shortly before Sznopa, | was founded upon the trigonid of a lower molar which may belong to) Sinopa, Vintacyon, Limnocyon, or some other creodont or carnivore. | It is quite indeterminate. Three other species have been referred to, the same genus and are equally indeterminate. | Stypolophus Cope, type S. pungens, was based upon a part of the | lower jaw of a species closely allied to Sinepa rapax, of which the genus is & synonym. | Prototomus Cope, type P. viverrinus, was based wpon a palate and THE OSTEOLOGY OF SINOPA—MATTHEW. 205 Eo a : : fragments of the skeleton in bad preservation and was subsequently _ yeferred by its describer to Stypolophus (= Sinopa). — Oynohyenodon Filhol is nearly allied to Sinopa and Proviverra, ‘but may be held as generically distinct from either. The type is a finely preserved skull, and other excellent material illustrates the genus. The definitions will be as follows: Family Hyzenodontide. Il. M 2 transverse. Carnassial teeth, M 2. I. M “ absent, protocones and metaconids absent Hyzxnodon A. Cusps massive, protocones and metaconids reduced, carnassials large, anterior molars small, transverse molar small Pterodon B. Cusps sharp, protocones and metaconids well developed, transverse molar larger. Molars of more equal size, with broad external cingula. 1. Paracone and metacone connate on M 1-2, metacone vestigial on M *. a. No metaconid on P 4 b. Metaconid on P + well developed; premolars long Proviverra Tritemnodon, new genus. c. Metaconid on P + well developed; premolars high ....Cynohyenodon 2. Paracone and metacone well separated on M 1-2, metacone well de- EMC ONmEN hos ete a LoD MER nak Poe an Chae weet He wise es we me Sinopa These genera show the different stages in the development of the highly specialized flesh-cutting teeth of /Zyenodon from the compara- tively primitive opossum-like teeth of S’nopa. to cusp development, they stand thus: Proviverra Pas ‘ ae LFLyex 20don Pterodon Bese Triten mnodon Sinopa (cf.) Deltatherium Arranged according Cynohyenodon This is in partial but not complete correspondence with their known geological occurrence, as follows: } | Eocene. Oligocene, Name. = SSS oS | a Basal. | Lower. | Middle. | Upper. | Lower. | Middle. | Mot oe ce ot ao oe arse os eee ek ee lb ewae bake lecrerwecgese x x Fe csc SESS a a ple crn (eg nD (ioe hoee on x x laStpaeknae REET Cie ee een ie | eee eect oak ot Sores Sincere Sake SKN Miler sete ece BEM NOGON....-----s-2---- 55 sc EE ES he Re Eee Siu || SS BS ll ae i ee rae (Edi Re i a oll Pee ee ray (Ne ae ee eh dA) 8 Boge Ee De ee Cente, hee pags ORs I Ue oe (SES eae oe Weg |e CoN ge CTA) ees ae vais «Toe ER LV RAITT ae eC ea ee Rae See eee 2. cep er ce |S ce ene colina seen leS Sos ate | 206 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXX. The genus S/nopa has been held to include Stypolophus and Proto- tomus of Cope, and until lately Zimnocyon Marsh.¢ Wortman in 1902 showed that the type species of Limnocyon belongs to a distinct group of the Creodonta, but referred LZ. agil/s Marsh to Sinopa and described the skull and parts of the skeleton from two finely preserved specimens. The more complete material of S. vapax in the American Museum collections, and the complete skeleton here described, show such con- siderable differences from S. ag7/is that it seems necessary to separate them generically, splitting up the genus Sznopa into two closely allied genera, each represented by a number of species in both Middle and Lower Eocene. The generic distinctions are clear enough in the Middle Eocene, but in the Lower Eocene the species are not clearly separable, and most of them show various combinations of the characters of the two groups. S/nopa rapax Leidy is the type of the first, and 77ritem- nodon (Limnocyon) agilis Marsh will stand as type of the second group. See figs. 1 and 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE SKELETON: The entire skeleton is preserved except one fore and one hind foot, and the distal half of the tail, of which only a few fragments remain. Most of it is in remarkably fine preservation. As found in the rock, the greater part of the vertebral column, pelvis, and most of the limbs were articulated together; the skull and jaws and some limb or foot bones were scattered; and several anterior dorsals and cervicals and most of the ribs were scattered and more or less broken up and dam- aged. The bones were very little crushed, and the articulations of the vertebre so perfect that the sequence of those found out of place could be accurately determined. The skeleton compares for size and proportions with the civet. The skull is elongate and rather large. The limbs are small and moderately slender, the neck of moderate length, the trunk long and slim, the tail extremely long and powerful. The vertebral formula is C 7, D 13, L7,83,C?%29. The fore and hind feet are five-toed, the digits rather slender, not spreading, except the first, which is somewhat divergent but not reduced in length. The scaphoid lunar and centrale are separate. DENTITION, DEFINITION, AND SPECIFIC DISTINCTIONS. SINOPA GRANGER], new species. Somewhat larger and more robust than S. rapaa, with more massive teeth and a diastema behind Py. Skull about equal in size to Z7ritem- nodon agilis, but shorter, considerably deeper in the facial region, with higher sagittal crest and deeper jaw. Premolars less compressed, «Cope, Scott 1892, Matthew 1901. i . 1449. THE OSTEOLOGY OF SINOPA-—MATTHEW. 207 Sf) aren coeeoereen ~. aes, 2 N ae “t NY ea ° 77 \\\\\ REN ar \\ ce WN yi i H ¥ 4 : J pre m2 mit Pp P Fic. 1.—UPPER TEETH OF SPECIES OF SINOPA AND TRITEMNODON, NAT. SIZE, CROWN VIEWS. FROM THE SAME INDIVIDUALS AS THE LOWER TEETH SHOW IN FIG. 2. a, Sinopa rapax Leidy, Am. Mus. Coll., No. 11535. b, Sinopa grangeri, new species. Type. Cat. No. 5341, U.S.N.M. Coll. c¢, Stnopa major Wortman, Am. Mus. Coll., No. 11588. d, Sinopa minor Wortman, Am. Mus, Coll., No. 11532. e, Tritemnodon agilis Marsh, Am. Mus. Coll., No. 11548. jf, Tri- femnodon whitiz Cope, Am. Mus. Coll., No. 4781. i. - 208 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, paracones and metacones of upper molars well separated, heels of lower molars much larger than in 7: agilis, metacone on M? well developed. Skeleton smaller with shorter limb-bones. Teeth. (fig. 1b, 2c) Dentition $+-43. Incisors small, transverse, canines slender and of moderate size. Premolars trenchant, moder- ately compressed, P* two-rooted, but of subtriangular outline with rudimentary internal cusps. P# three-rooted with large lunate internal cusp, small antero-external and larger postero-external basal cusps and massive conical protocone. Molars functionally resembling those of the opossum, but only three in number, with principal oblique and subordinate transverse shears, the upper ones of triangular outline, paracone and metacone of equal size and well separated, large lunate antero-internal protocone, and broad external cingular shelf. 1:2 sub-equal, with small paraconule and metaconule, parastyle small, meta- style extended into a strong shearing blade. M2 smaller, transverse, metacone well developed but smaller than paracone, no metastyle, para- style extended into a short shearing blade, no metaconules. Lower molars of nearly equal size, but M; smaller than the others, the trigo- — nids high, of triangular form, paraconid and metaconid well developed, — sub-equal, protoconid overtopping both. Heels basin-shaped, as large | as the trigonids, except on Mg. In S. vapax (tig. la, 2a) the internal cusps of P* to M* are more compressed and less broadly lunate, the principal cusp of P* is less © massive, the heels of the lower molars are smaller, and there is no | diastema behind Ps. In 7° agilis (fig. le, 27) the internal cusps of | the upper teeth are smaller and much more compressed, P* is com- pressed and trenchant, the paracone and metacone are closely connate and of unequal size, metacone absent on M4, heels of lower molars — much smaller, metaconids greatly reduced, ete. In Z. whitix (fig. — 17, 2g) the inner cusps of the molars are extended inward, the nteta- © conids well developed, but otherwise it is much as in 7. agilis, The Lower Eocene species exhibit a further approach toward the true © Sinopa in one or another feature, but all are nearer to S. rapax than to the species here described. SS. major of the Bridger (fig. Le, 2d) is larger and more massive than S. granger?, with lower crowned teeth, — broad heels to the lower molars, ete. . SKULL, DESCRIPTION AND COMPARISONS. The skull is elongate in both facial and cranial regions, with narrow muzzle, small brain case, moderately high sagittal and occipital crests, short and rather slender arches, strong postorbital constriction. The premaxillz are deeply excavated for the reception of the lower canines, — the borders of the excavation very strongly marked; their ascending processes are very slender and extend backward only to a point above © Pt, The nasals are slightly expanded in front, and somewhat more — ? NO. 1449, THE OSTEOLOGY OF SINOPA—MATTHEW. 209 ASIN SUN : ce ‘Ca WY My, ( TBI y_ Po ~— : : ‘ eo Se . a i 1 : i we y mi? mit pr ys Yo eo Fic. 2.—LOWER TEETH OF SPECIES OF SINOPA, TRITEMNODON, AND CYNOHYXNODON. NAT. SIZE, CROWN VIEWS. a, Sinopa rapax Leidy, Am. Mus. Coll., No. 11535. b, Sinopa pungens Cope. Type. Am. Mus. Coll., No. 5015. ¢, Sinopa grangeri, new species. Type. Cat. No. 5341 U.S.N.M. Coll. d, Sinopa major Wort- man, Am. Mus. Coll., No. 11538. €, Sinopa minor Wortman, Am. Mus. Coll., No. 11532. f, Tritemnodon agilis Marsh, Am. Mus. Coll., No. 11543. g, Tritemnodon whitix Cope, Am. Mus. Coll., No. 4781. h, Cyno- hyxnodon cayluxi Filhol, Am. Mus. Coll., No, 11055. Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——14 210 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. expanded posteriorly, but to nothing like the extent seen in the Mesonychide or Marsupialia. The /achrymals have a broad semi- circular expansion upon the face, but the foramen is completely within the orbit. This condition appears to be generally characteristic of the Creodonta. In true Carnivora the lachrymal has a very slight expanse on the face, the maxillary coming nearly or quite to the margin of the orbit. In the carnivorous marsupials there is some expansion of the lachrymal upon the face, but in this group, as in the Insectivora, the lachrymal foramen is more or less external to the orbit. A much closer approach is seen among the Ungulata, where the lachrymal has a very large facial expansion, the foramen entirely intra-orbital, and the tubercle on the margin of the orbit. The form and extent of the facial part of the lachrymal approaches that in Sznopa most nearly in the primitive types—Oreodon, Dacrytherium, Agriocherus, Hyra- chyus, etc. In the more elongate skulls of later Ungulates it becomes much more expanded. The facial expansion of the lachrymal appears to be correlated with the position of the orbits, which in Sznopa, as generally among the Creodonta, are farther back than in modern Carnivora. In Sinopa they lie above M1; in Canis they are above P4-M®; in Viwerra above 3—M_2; in the opossum above M2+. In Ungulata they are above or behind the molars, and the extension of the lachrymal on the face varies in accordance. The frontals are short, extending back on the top of the skull only to the posterior part of the temporal crests and forming no portion of the sagittal crest. At the sides they extend but slightiy farther back, to the postorbital constriction, which is immediately behind the ante- rior end of the sagittal crest. They are broad anteriorly and inflated above the orbits, leaving a marked depression along the median line, deepest in front of the sagittal crest and shallowing out as it approaches the posterior margin of the nasals. The parietals are remarkably long, extending well down on the sides of the skull and including the whole of the sagittal crest. The premaxillaries are large, with wide ascending portions and moderately large infraorbital foramen situate above P2; the muzzle in front of this is compressed and deep; behind this point the skull expands rapidly as in Daphenus and the Canide generally. The jugal is of moderate size and rather long; its anterior branch extends under the orbit and has a considerable contact on the face with the lachrymal, thus excluding the maxilla from any near approach to the orbit; the inferior branch is short, the posterior branch extends backward beneath the zygomatic process of the squamosal nearly to the glenoid fossa, ending in a slender splint, as among the Carnivora generally. In the opossum its posterior end is thickened and forms a considerable part of the anterior side of the glenoid fossa, while a : No. 1449, THE OSTEOLOGY OF SINOPA—MATTHEW. 211 short process also extends backward above the zygomatic process of the squamosal. The brain case is larger than in the opossum, but as in that animal the cerebral lobes were entirely contained within the parietals above, the frontals surrounding the olfactory lobes only. The elongate a) f | FIG, 3.—SINOPA GRANGERI, SIDE VIEW OF SKULL AND JAWS, NAT. SIZE. cranial portion of the skull causes the arrangement of the cerebellar lobes to be entirely different from that of the opossum or of the insectivora, corresponding more with that in the Oligocene Carnivora. The cerebral lobes, however, are much smaller than in any of these. The basicranial region is long, a feature eminently characteristic of i : 212 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. the Carnivora, and distinguishing them sharply from either marsupials or insectivores. In practically all modern carnivora the arrangement of the basicranial bones and foramina is obscured or modified by the — Wee SSS S CW ETAL; p AND pi, PREMAXILLARIES, AND sq, SQUAMOSAL BONES OF THE SKULL. (Me Mi \ , i i 4 \ Wy WY \ h Fig. 4.—SINOPA GRANGERI, TOP VIEW OF SKULL, NAT. SIZE. 7, FRONTAL; ju, JUGAL; lac, LACHRYMAL; mada, MAXILLA; 0CC, OCCIPITAL; pa, PARI- development of tympanic bulle. In S/nopa the bulle are absent, giv- ing a singularly primitive appearance to this part; they were either not ossified at all or were loosely attached to theskull. The bulle are not developed in marsupials nor in most Insectivora, but in both these ' gf No. 1449. THE OSTEOLOGY OF SINOPA—MATTHEW. 2138 groups are frequently present false bullee formed by processes of the alisphenoid, partially replacing the true tympanic bulle. No sign of FIG. 5.—SINOPA GRANGERI, INFERIOR VIEW OF SKULL, NAT. SIZE. @.c., ALISPHENOID CANAL; a. ¢.f., SUPPOSED ANTERIOR CONDYLOID FORAMEN; G8, ALISPHENOID (THE DOTTED LINE IS NOT CARRIED FAR ENOUGH); bo, BASIOCCIPITAL; bs., BASISPHENOID; C, CANINE; ¢. f., CONDYLOID FORAMEN; /. l. jie FORAMEN LACERUM POSTERIUS, f. 0., FORAMEN OVALE; 7 1, 2, 3, INCISORS; 7. 0. f., INFRA-ORBITAL FORAMEN; ju, JUGAL; m 1, 2, 3, TRUE MOLARS: mp, MASTOID PROCESS OF THE PERIOTIC; ma, MAXILLA: 08, ORBITOSPHENOID, p 1, 2, 3, 4, PREMOLARS; pal, PALATINE; par.p., PAROCCIPITAL PROCESS OF THE EXOCCIPITAL BONE; pel, PETROSAL PROMINENCE OF THE PERIOTIC BONE; p. g. f., POSTGLENOID FORAMEN; pmax, PREMAXILLA; sq, SQUAMOSAL. these processes is seen in Sinopa, and there is little or nothing in this important region of the skull to indicate either marsupial or insec- 214 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX, tivore affinities. On the other hand, if we compare it with the Oligo- cene dog Daphenus, in which only the smaller or true tympanic chamber of the skull was ossified, and this so loosely attached to the skull that it is rarely preserved, we find a very close correspondence indicative of real relationship, while the numerous and important points of difference from Insectivora and especially from marsupials indicate a remote origin of the divergence from these groups. The basioccipital is long and broad. The broad flattened paroccipital processes arise considerably in advance of the condyles and project backward to a short point. In Daphaenus the basioccipital is even longer; the paroccipitals have the same position and form, but curve downward at the tips. In Didelphys they arise almost opposite the condyles and project straight downward. In Cynodictis they project backward and are otherwise similar. In modern carnivora the tips usually extend farther downward and are soldered to the bulla. In Erinaceus and Centetes they have the more posterior position and project downward in the former, outward and backward in the latter. The condyloid foramen is situate considerably in advance of the con- dyles, as in carnivora generally. In marsupials and Insectivora it is close under the projecting border of the condyle, and in the former has an accessory foramen, also entering backward, close in front of it. In front of the condyloid foramen in S/nopa is a well-marked foramen entering forward, which Wortman homologizes with the accessory condyloid foramen of marsupials in spite of its opposite direction and quite different position in the bone. It appears to me much more probable that this foramen transmits one of the nerves or arteries which in later Carnivora pass through the jugular foramen (or. /ae. post.), with which it corresponds in direction and from which it is not far remoyed. Indeed, in Daphenus, the condyloid foramen is a little farther forward and on the posterior border of the posterior lacerate foramen is a notch entirely corresponding to the remains of this acces- sory foramen, if, as I suppose, it has become fused with the lacerate. A similar notch is seen in /Zyaenodon, where the backward displace- ment of the glenoid fosse has crowded the parts behind them toward the condyle. The basisphenoid is not pierced by the carotid canal —an important distinction, as Wortman observes, from the marsupials; and he believes from indications seen on his specimen, but which I am unable to corroborate from this one, that its course was similar to that in true Carnivora, entering finally at the median lacerate foramen. The petrosal prominence is pear-shaped, the small end antero-internal; near the posterior end is the fenestra rotunda, exterior and a little in front of it the fenestra ovalis, and on the antero-exterior slope of the prominence a smaller foramen which I do not recognize. Outside of the petrosal prominence is a long, deep fossa bounded anteriorly by the alisphenoid, externally by the glenoid portion of the squamosal, H _ NO. 1449. THE OSTEOLOGY OF SINOPA—MATTHEW. 915 posteriorly by the mastoid portion of the periotic. At the bottom of this fossa lie the stylomastoid foramen and another foramen or deep fossa which I do not recognize. Behind the prominence lies the large oval posterior lacerate (jugular) forainen. The mastoid processes are of moderate size, short and stout, and extend, wing-like, outward and partly downward; posteriorly they are confluent with the bases of the paroccipitals. The postglenoid processes resemble the corresponding parts in Daphanus; the postglenoid foramen is of moderate size. The foramen ovale is rather large and is situate opposite the glenoid fossa, as in Carnivora; in Insectivora, and especially in marsupials, it is considerably in advance of it. The alisphenoid extends some distance behind the foramen ovale, wedged in between the basisphenoid and the glenoid portion of the squamosal, but it has no dependent process such as is seen in marsupials, and is especially developed in certain Insectivora. The posterior nares are not roofed over behind the molars, but the nareal canal is deep and broad, the pterygoid portions of the palatine and alisphenoid forming large dependent plates, as in Carnivora. The pterygoids proper are not preserved on this speci- men. The pterygoid plates of the alisphenoid are variably developed in Insectivora, very slightly so in marsupials. The palate is completely ossified. A number of minute (/ nutritive) foramina on its surface are thought by Wortman to be an approach to the incompletely ossified palate of certain modern marsupials and some insectivores, but of this there seems to be no sufficient evidence. The posterior border of the palate is somewhat thickened, as in Centetes and Myogale, but has little resemblance to the posterior expansion and strong transverse crest seen in Hrinaceus and Didelphys. The occiput presents a very different appearance from that of the modern Canide and differs in much more essential respects from that of marsupials or Insectivora. The principal differences from the modern carnivore skull are apparently dependent upon the small development of the brain. The Oligocene Carnivora, and especially Daphenus, approach it much more closely. The early Ungulata also exhibit a considerable resemblance, but from Insectivora and mar- supials it is separated by more radical features. The exposure of the mastoid on the side of the skull is very small, scarcely extending above the mastoid process. The occipital surface is much contracted above the condyles, and above that flares out into a broad plate formed by the expanded occipital crests. These are continued downward and forward in strong lambdoid crests to the mastoid processes. Between the lambdoid crest and the condyle is a deep fossa bounded below by a strong crest connecting the outer ends of the condyle with the base of the paroccipital process. In Daph- enus this deep fos8a is largely filled up, presumably by expansion of the cerebellum from within; in Can7s there is nothing left of it. In | ee 216 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL XXX. Canis and other Carnivora there is a considerable lateral exposure of the mastoid; in Canis it faces partly backward. In the marsupials and in some Irsectivora the exposure is entirely posterior, the squamosal (lambdoidal) crests continuing the occipital crest downward on each side and the mastoid exposure lying within them. The lower jaw is unusually deep, with long loose symphysis extend- ing back to a point beneath the anterior border of the third premolar. In the posterior portion it is quite like the long-jawed Carnivora in form, presenting none of the peculiarities of angle and coronoid seen in Insectivora, Chiroptera, and Marsupialia. The anterior and poste- rior mental foramina have the normal carnivore position, the former beneath the diastema between P; and P3, the latter beneath Pz. In certain Insectivora the posterior mental foramen is beneath M;. This unusual character appears to be of importance in indicating rela- tionship. Comparisons with Iyenodon.—The dentition of HTyzenodon is very pretocone hypocone “WD protocone AA! metasty/e ; ; ) 7 as : p metaco | \ \ paracone pa me At atts j AP iraslyle : i a paracone + metacone _metastyle deuterocone ardstyle | . meétastyle babies oF ; metastyle ~~ protocone protocone Aarastyle Fic. 6.—EVOLUTION OF THE UPPER CARNASSIAL IN CREODONTA AND CARNIVORA. SERIES A, Hy-£NO- DONTIDE (SECOND MOLAR, RIGHT SIDE); Al, DELTATHERIUM; A®?, SINOPA; A®, TRITEMNODON; A4, PTERODON; A°, HY ZENODON, SERIES B, CANIDE (FOURTH PREMOI AR, RIGHT SIDE); B!, PALAONICTIS; b?, Dipymictis; B*, DAPpHaNUsS; Bt, CANIS. THE CARNASSIAL OF FELIS, NOT INCLUDED IN THIS SERIES, IS MUCH MORE LIKE THE HY#NODON CARNASSIAL, {Published in advance, by courtesy of Prof. H. F. Osborn, from his fortheoming memoir upon Trituberculy, ] clearly derivable from that of S/nopa, through Pterodon and Tritem- nodon, as Scott and Wortman have pointed out in various publications. The accompanying figures, drawn from models made by the writer, illustrate these stages in the evolution of the specialized carnassial of Hyxnodon. The changes correspond in upper and lower teeth, and are exactly analogous to the development of the carnassial in the true Carnivora. In the upper teeth the two series begin in teeth of widely different form and end in very similar teeth, furnishing one of the most striking examples known of true convergent adaptation, in that it results in the production of similar form from originaily dissimilar , - No. 1449. THE OSTEOLOGY OF SINOPA—MATTHEW. OUT. types, as distinguished from the far more common instances of parallel adaptation. As has already been intimated, the geological occurrence of the known species forbids their being considered as in direct genetic sequence; but the genera may be properly so regarded (except De/ta- therium), and the features of skull and skeleton entirely accord with the teeth in indicating a direct genetic sequence of the genera. The species of //yzenodon differ very considerably in certain adapt- ive features of the base of the skull, dependent upon the pushing backward of the glenoid articulation to a position almost opposite the occipital condyles. In all of them, and in Péerodon as well, the basi- occipital is somewhat shorter than in S/nopa and the petrosal promi- nence of irregularly rounded form, situate at the bottom of a deep pit. The posterior nares are roofed over to a varying extent by union of the pterygoid plates of the palatines and alisphenoids. The tympanic bulla is ossified to a varying degree. The fossa between the condyles and lambdoidal crests is filled up as in Daphenus. The limbs show a more or less cursorial adaptation. These features are developed to the greatest extent in the large American species //. horridus, the European //. brachyrhynchus is the most primitive (except that the bulla is completely ossified according to Filhol’s statement). A skel- -eton from Colorado referred to /7. cruwentus shows a mere ring of ossi- fication of the tympanic, while in other species the bulla was complete but small (according to Scott). //. paucidens is the most primitive of the American species. Pterodon is much like //yenodon in the features of the base of the skull, but has the united mastoid and paroccipital processes extended into broad wing-like ‘*jugular apophyses” (Filhol), while in /Zyeno- ‘don they are less developed than in S/nopa. The fossa behind the lambdoids is deep, the post-nareal gutter narrowed anteriorly but not ~oofed over, and in other respects the skull is very primitive, but resembles the primitive species of //yenodon and differs from S/nopa in the details of form of the bones and processes. Tritemnodon is very close to Sinopa in all the details of skull and ‘skeleton structure, as may be seen by comparison of the figures and ‘description of 7. agilis given by Wortman. Cynohyxnodon is near to Sinopa and Tritemnodon, but has a shorter basicranial region and larger brain case. It appears from Filhol’s figures of C. caylwxi to show various other distinctions from these ‘genera in the form of the otic region and arrangement of the foramina, as well as in the shorter, higher crowns of the premolars, all placing tt more directly in the ancestral line of //yxnodon and Pterodon. 7 | 218 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. VERTEBRAL COLUMN, DESCRIPTION AND COMPARISONS. Cervical vertebre.—The atlas is short with wide transverse processes, which are well expanded anteriorly, but not extended posteriorly as much as in most modern carniyora. The posterior opening of the ver- tebrarterial canal faces backward on the posterior margin of the Fig. 7.—SINOPA GRANGERI, ATLAS VIEWED FROM tranverse process, as in all carniy- ee aes sf, PORAMEN FOR EXITOF ora except the Miocene and later dogs. The remaining features are those usually found in Carnivora. It nearly resembles HHyxnodon in proportions and form; in the cat the trans- verse processes have the same shape and position, but the body is a little longer; in Canis and Daphenus the transverse proc- esses extend more posteriorly; in Véverra the body is considerably longer, the trans- verse processes more posterior and _ less expanded. In the opossum and hedgehog the form of the processes is different and the vertebral artery does not perforate the Fig. 8.—SrNoPA GRANGERI, AXIS VER- bone. P TEBRA, SIDE VIEW, NAT. SIZE. 04, re eve : ZA s . ODONTOID PROCESS; pzd, POSTERIOR The axis is long, with high neuralspine of — zycaropnysis; s, NEURAL SPINE; the characteristic carnivore form, expanded = _ TRANSVERSE PROUNSS: a. fos : . 2 - VERTEBRARTERIAL FORAMEN. into a broad plate extending forward as far as the tip of the odontoid and ending posteriorly in a stout backwardly directed spine. It is longer than in TTyxnodon — but somewhat shorter than in Daphanus, and shows no important distinctions from either. The remaining cervicals, except the seventh, have short spines, transverse processes with the — inferior lamin expanded into broad plates, and superior lamin absent on the anterior ones, but moderately developed on the sixth. In the Car- nivora the superior lamine are generally dis- Fig. 9—Stwora cranexrr, tinct upon the third to sixth vertebra, succes: SIXTH CERVICAL VERTEBRA, sively increasing in size. In the opossum the NAT, SIZE, SIDE VIEW. (d2zd., x ei é “ys | ANTERIOR zYGapopuysis, arrangement is more as In Smopa, except that | il, INFERIOR LAMELLA OF the jnferior laminw are less expanded. In THE TRANSVERSE PROCESS; . p-a, postertorzycaroruy. Daphenus the upper lamine are developed upon sis; s, NEURAL SPINE, AND the fourth, fifth, and sixth; in Can/s upon fifth sl., SUPERIOR LAMELLA. F 3 eats tT . and sixth; in Felidee and Viverrid upon all four. In the Macherodonts the superior lamina is not distinct upon any but the sixth, but the inferior lamina is less broad and plate-like. 2 No.1449, THE OSTEOLOGY OF SINOPA—MATTHEW. 2h The seventh cervical has a rather long spine, strong superior lamina, no inferior lamina, and is not perforated by the vertebrarterial canal. In this important feature, as well as in its general form, it agrees with the Carnivora and insectivores, and differs from marsupials. The dorsal vertebree number thirteen. The first ten have spines of moderate height, wider than in the dog or cat, higher than in Vinerra, but not so wide. They decrease in height and increase in backward in- clination to the tenth. Their transverse proc- esses are rather large and stout, considerably expanded at the tips. The first is the most ro- bust, the others of nearly equal size. Theeleventh vertebra has no- spine. Fie. 10.—SINOPA GRANGERI, Fie. 11.—SINOPA GRANGERI, SECOND porsAL yerTEBRA, Its anterior part and EIGHTH DORSAL VERTEBRA, SIDE VIEW, NAT. SIZE. «zd. onal ges 2 4 {heer 2 SIDE VIEW, NAT. SIZE. az ) “> transverse processes re- SIDE VIEW, NAT. SIZE. adzqa., ANTERIOR ZYGAPOPHYSIS; ANTERIOR ZYGAPOPH YSIS; p2a., PostpRIOoR zyGapopuy- semble the anterior dor- p2d., POSTERIOR ZYGAPOPHY- SIS; s., NEURAL SPINE; tr., <9] . qQ 7TAT an SIS; S, NEURAL SPINE; ir., Pe a te sals. Its posterior part TRANSVERSE PROCESS. resembles the dorsals and lumbars behind it. The twelfth and thirteenth are like the lumbars and have short flat spines directed forward. The lumbars are of large size; the centra long, except the seventh; the spines high and broad; the transverse processes long and directed forward, but not curved. The zyga- pophyses are large and strong- ly convex, but not revolute. This type of lum- bar characterizes all Creodonts ein thas in) Bea rome Patriofelis t h e BRA, SIDE VIEW, NAT. SIZE. FIG. 12.—SINOPA GRANGERI, SIXTH LUMBAR lumbar zy gapo- aad, ANTERIOR ZYGAPO- VERTEBRA, SIDE VIEW, NAT. SIZE. azd, AN- eS PHYSIS; pzd, POSTERIOR TERIOR ZYGAPOPHYSIS; pz, POSTERIOR physes are revo- ZYGAPOPHYSIS; s, NEURAL ZYGAPOPHYSIS; s, NEURAL SPINE; tr, TRANS- lute) aN mons SPINE; t7., TRANSVERSE VERSE PROCESS. = PROCESS. modern Carniy- ora it is retained to the greatest degree among the Viverride. The sacrum is composed of three vertebree and is long and unusually large, especially the anterior sacral; the rib massive, expanded at its contact with the ilium. The posterior sacrals are not so large nor D. & 220 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. their transverse se plates 8 so wide. “The second sacral takes a minor part in the iliac articulation by means of the forward end of its transverse process. The caudals are preserved in series as far back as the seventeenth. The first four have large, strongly convex zygapophyses like those of the lumbars, long, stout transverse processes, pea eza and rather short bodies. The fifth and sixth show the change to’ the middle caudal region, in which the zygapophyses are simplified, the arches reduced, the centra increased in length and diminished in width, the transverse pro- cesses shortened and expanded antero-poste- riorly into flat plates as long as the centra, and decreasing in width on each successive vertebra until on the seventeenth they are reduced to ridges on the sides of the centra. Fic. 14—Stnopa GRancerr sev. Lone neural arches are complete as far back ENTH AND SIXTEENTH caupaL as the thirteenth vertebra. OR Mat oe a is Ln, Comparisons with IHyzenodon.—In the PHYSES; pza, posreRior zycaro- characters of the vertebral column Sinopa ia (hy TRANSVERSE PRO" is nearer to Daphanus and Cynodictis than to Hyxnodon or Patriofelis. It agrees with the two former in the large long lumbars, the general character of the spines and transverse processes of most of the vertebrae, propor- tions of sacrum, proximal caudal spines, etc. Hyxenodon differs in the superior and inferior lamin of the trans- verse processes, distinct on cervicals 4-6; the lumbars smaller and shorter, their spines broader but not so high, their transverse processes much shorter, the sacrum much smaller, the tail much shorter, and lateral plates of middle caudals not prominent. All these features are probably due to adaptation to running, and are exactly paralled in the distinctions between the modern Canide and Daphenus or Cynodictis. Patriofelis has shorter cervicals than Sinopa, lumbars large but short, their zygapophyses revolute, spines broader and wider at top, tran verse processes short and stout. The sacrum is not so broad anteriorly, the caudals are massive, but not so long; the anterior ones have extremely broad, massive, transverse processes, while in the middle ‘audals the transverse lamelle are reduced to short, stout anterior and posterior processes. The neural arch continues only to the ninth vertebra, a remarkable feature considering the length and power of the tail. Oxyena is proportioned much more like Sznoepa, with similar type of dorsals, long and large lumbars, etc., but the skeleton is not com- plete encugh to compare exactly. No. 1449. THE OSTEOLOGY OF SINOPA—MATTHEW. 221 Hoplophoneus has the transverse processes of the cervicals, including the atlas, greatly extended posteriorly. $$ = S!!!!_ SS = =—— Sa Fic. 18.—SINOPA GRANGERI, FEMUR, ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR VIEWS, NAT. SIZE. g. t., GREATER TROCHANTER; lJ. ¢., LESSER TROCHANTER; 3rdt., THIRD TROCHANTER; p. f. 1., ROTULAR TROCHLEA OR GROOVE FOR THE PATELLA, as in [yenodon. In Patriofelis the femur has a much more massive shaft, the distal end is not so deep, the third trochanter is somewhat poate ° : . i similar in development, and the curvature of the shaft about the same. | Oxyena has a weaker third trochanter, thicker shaft, and distal end _ more like the normal Carnivora type. No. 1449. THE OSTEOLOGY OF SINOPA—MATTHEW. 227 Tibia and fibula.—The proportion of these two bones is about as in Hyenodon, the tibular shaft less reduced than in modern carnivora, among which the viverrines offer the nearest approach, while Daphanus is decidedly nearer. The bones are proportionately shorter, with less rounded shafts than in the more modernized carnivora, e. g¢., Canis or Felis. The most marked peculiarity is the well- developed fibulo-calcanear facet, which is only a little less extensive than in Fyxenodon. [lind foot.—The pes is pentadactyle, and its sym- metry is approximately mesaxonic, but less ex actly so than in the manus, the first digit being shorter and more slender than the fifth, and the second somewhat shorter, although stouter, than the fourth, while the third projects beyond either, and is nearly, but not quite, symmetrical at its distal end. This symme- try agrees entirely with that of /Tyxnodon and dif- fers radically from the par- axonicsymmetry of manus and pes in the true Carni- voraand the Mesonychide. In the Oxyenide the foot “symmetry appears to be ‘approximately as in the Hyenodontide, but the foot is broaderand shorter, ‘especially in Patriofelis, and the symmetry less no- ‘ticeable in consequence. Fic. 19.—SINOPA GRANGERI, TIBIA AND FIBULA, NAT. SIZE, ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR VIEWS. Cn, CNEMIAL CREST ON ANTERIOR SURFACE OF TIBIA; 7. m., INTERNAL MALLEOLUS OF TIBIA. The astragalus differs considerably from that of Hyenodon. The ‘trochlea is not nearly so deep, the posterior tendinal groove is much deeper, the neck is longer, the head much broader, not nearly so deep, ‘more convex laterally, The astragalar foramen is distinct, but very ‘small, and I can not be certain that it is continuous through the bone. 998 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. The caleaneum has a considerably longer tuber than in //yxnodon, somewhat grooved on the superior surface of its distal end for the tendon of the plantaris, as in many modern carnivora. In Hyzenodon the groove is absent. The cuboid is longer than in Hyenodon and has a considerable astraga- lar facet, which does not extend, however, to the dorsal surface. In Hyeno- don this facet is smaller and farther removed from the dorsal surface of the bone. It seems to have been absent or indistinct in the specimens examined by Professor Scott. In the Oxyenide and Me- sonychide it is much bet- ter developed. In modern carnivora it is absent, but it is moderately developed in Daphenus, although lateral instead of partly superior, as in Creodonta. The cuneiform bones are much as in Hyenodon, ex- cept that the entocunei- form is shorter and broader, its contact with Mt. II less, and the distal facet broader and more oblique. It is less elon- gate and very much broader than in modern Carnivora, and the distal facet retains much more of the primitive saddle- shaped curvature, thus permitting a greater de- FIG. 20.—SINOPA GRANGERI, HIND FOOT, NAT. SIZE, DORSAL gree of opposition of the VIEW. ast, ASTRAGALUS; cal, CALCANEUM: eb, CUBOID: Cl, 2535 ti di it CUNEIFORM BONES; nav, NAVICULAR. rst Ig t The metatarsals are somewhat less compressed and more slender than in Hyzenodon,; their relative proportions are noted above. The head of Mt. I is broader. In other respects there is very little difference. The phalanges resemble those of the forefoot, except in their larger size and some- No. 1449. THE OSTEOLOGY OF SINOPA—MATTHEW. 229 what more elongate proportions. The pes is by no means as long or compressed as in most modern Carnivora, and this, with the differ- ence in symmetry, involves numerous small differences in construc- tion and arrangement of the bones. Tritemnodon closely resembles Sinopa in the structure of the hind limb, as shown by comparison of Doctor Wortman’s description of the parts known to him and of the more complete specimens in the American Museum collections. Comparisons of the appendicular skeleton.—In the characters of the fore and hind limb, Scnopa is in the main of the primitive creodont type, but shows an earlier stage of the cursorial adaptations of Hyzeno- don, and shares with that genus a number of peculiarities probably characteristic of the family. The long, narrow scapula, the expanded ilium, the depth of the distal end of the femur, the reduction of the deltoid and supinator ridges of the humerus, the squaring of the carpus and deepening of the astragalar trochlea and head, and in general the elongation of the limb bones, elongation and compression of the feet, are all differentiations from the primitive type, carried to but a slight extent in Sinopa, to a considerably greater extent in Hyznodon, paralleled in all the cursorial Carnivora and in the Con- dylarthra, and carried to a much greater extent in the cursorial Ungulata. On the other hand, the retention of the coracoid process and long acromion of the scapula, the comparatively long post- acetabular region of the pelvis, the entepicondylar foramen on the humerus and the third trochanter on the femur, the stout ulna with its long olecranon, the unreduced fibula, the distinct centrale, the astragulo-cuboidal articulation, the large size of the lateral digits, and the moderately compressed claws, are apparently primitive creodont features not yet modified by the cursorial adaptation which had begun to show itself in the appendicular skeleton. Some of these characters are still retained by H/yenodon, and they are retained to a varying extent by the other creodont families and by the more primitive mod- ern Carnivora. The mesaxonic manus and pes, the fibulo-calcanear articulation, and the broad flange on the radial side of the ulnar shaft, are apparently family characters of the Hyznodontide. The first and the last characters are also seen in the Phenacodontidee, and the relative conditions of the appendicular skeleton in Sinopa and Hyex- nodon are exactly paralleled by the relative conditions in Huprotogonia and Phenacodus. PA ols Or hit CHARACTERS, OF SKULL AND ; SKELETON. Primitive mammalian features.—Skull elongate, brain-case small, sagittal and occipital crests strong, orbits situate above molars, hence lachrymal and superior process of jugal moderately expanded upon 930 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. the face. Nasals somewhat expanded posteriorly. Tympanic bulle not ossified. Teeth 44 in number, the molars tritubercular above, tuberculo-sectorial below, the premolars trenchant. Ribs short, ster- num narrow, tail long and powerful, limbs rather short, flexible, feet pentadactyl, pollex and hallux divergent, centrale present, astragalus with shallow trochlea and round convex head; fibula little reduced, and ulna as stout as radius. Coracoid process on scapula. Primitive eutherian features.—Dentition 3733. Angle of jaw not inflected. Sacrum of 3 vertebrae. No vertebrarterial foramen on seventh cervical. Primitive carnivore features.—Incisors small, canines large, piercing. Parietal bones long, basicranial region long, mastoid exposure small, lateral. Posterior nareal canal long and deep. No false (alisphenoid) bulla. Dorsolumbar formula twenty. Lumbars very large and long, their zygapophyses large and very convex. Ungual phalanges bear- ing moderately compressed claws. A small contact between astragalus and cuboid. A third trochanter rather high up on shaft of femur. Cursorial adaptations.—Limb bones elongate. Scapula long and narrow. Humerus with reduced deltoid and supinator crests. Ulna and radius with limited amount of pronation and supination. Carpus broad, its proximal articulations transverse. Ilium expanded, distal end of femur deep, astragalar trochlea somewhat excavated and extended posteriorly, and head somewhat deepened. Fore and hind feet somewhat compressed and apparently digitigrade. Special hyxenodont characters.—Molars developing a shear by exten- sion of parastyle, especially on M 3. Manus and pes mesaxonic. A tibulo-caleanear facet. Astragalo-cuboid facet reduced. Claws fissured (also in Mesonychidee and Oxyeenide). Generic and specific characters.—These need not be repeated here, as they have been fully defined in an earlier section of this paper. RELATIONSHIPS OF SINOPA. The primitive mammalian features are predominant, as might be — expected in a Middle Eocene animal. These features are found in all early mammals, whether Metatherians or Eutherians. S/nopa is, how- ever, a typical Eutherian in the dentition, in the conformation of the angle of the jaw, and other characters of lessimportance. The primi- tive carnivore features are numerous and important, and amply dem- onstrate the pertinence of S/nopa to this order. The characters of the base and back of the skull especially distinguish it sharply from either marsupials or Insectivora. The cursorial adaptations in the” limbs and feet are comparatively slight, but unmistakable. Along with the special hyzenodont characters they demonstrate the position of the genus as a primitive member of the Hyznodontide. It stands - directly ancestral to //yenodon in all details of its structure and shows | No. 1449. THE OSTEOLOGY OF SINOPA—MATTHEW. 231 a considerable degree of progress from the primitive carnivore type toward the line which terminated in the large, highly specialized Hyenodons of the American oligocene. As has already been observed, the geological occurrence of the species of this phylogenetic line makes it improbable that //yenodon was directly descended from any of the Middle Eocene species of Sinopa,; it is more probably derived from a Lower Eocene or earlier species. Wortman has suggested S. opis- thotoma as a possible ancestor, but this species does not entirely meet the required conditions. The relationship to the carnivorous marsupials appears to be a remote one, despite a considerable degree of superficial resemblance, due chiefly to the retention of the primitive mammalian characters. In all marsupials the angle of the lower jaw is inflected, the molars num- ber four, the premolars not more than three, the basicranial region is short and the mastoid exposure posterior and of large size, the carotid canal pierces the basisphenoid, the pterygoid processes of the alisphe- noid and palatine are little developed, and more or less of a false bulla is formed; the dorsolumbar formula is 19, and there are numerous less important details of form and structure in the bones, showing that they are far removed from S/nopa or from any of the Creodonta. The dorsolumbar formula of Mesonyx, according to Wortman, was 19, as in the marsupials, and this genus also has a broad posterior expansion of the nasals; but in the much more important characters of the base and back of the skull, as in all other features of the skeleton, it is evidently of true carnivore affinities, somewhat disguised by a high degree of specialization in certain parts. In S/nopa, in Oryena and Hyenodon, and probably in Patriofelis, the only other creodonts in which the dorsolumbar formula is known, it is twenty, as in all Carnivora, and these genera have all evidently descended from primitive carnivore ancestors, whose principal distinctions are given above. The Insectivora appear to be in many respects intermediate between Carnivora and marsupials, but how far they are actually so would be dificult to say. It is clear that the Creodonts are not nearly related to any living Insectivora, but we know so little about the past history of the insectivore group that we can not yet say whether it is really ¢ homogeneous one or an arbitrary association of unrelated types. In the features of the base and back of the skull they differ very consid- erably from Carnivora and agree more or less with marsupials (the course of the carotid canal differs from either group). They have the Eutherian dental formula, a non-inflected angle of peculiar type in the lower jaw, etc.; these features characterize the most primitive and ancient known types as well as the modern ones. The position and relationships of the Eocene Carnivora have been variously estimated by the different writers who have studied and described their remains. The incomplete specimens first found in the 232 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. Old and How Ww Mids were referred to ihe true Garainam (Fissipedia); later on the great French paleontologists, Gervais and Gaudry, empha- sized the affinities of some among them to the marsupials, a view adopted in a broad sense by Huxley and other authorities, but dis- puted by Filhol and most subsequent writers. In 1875 the accumu- lating new discoveries of material enabled Cope to reconstruct, from various forms referred to marsupials, Carnivora, and Insectivora, the group of Creodonta, with affinities to all three orders named, but more nearly related to the two latter, and containing the ancestral types of the modern Carnivora. Se haces in his monumental studies upon | the fossil primates and unguiculates of Europe, regards the Creodonta ° as definitively related to the true Carnivora, excluding from the group a number of insectivore-like types which had been included by Cope. He divides them into Adaptiva and Inadaptiva, both springing from a common primitive creodont stem, the former approximately ances- tral to the true Carnivora, the latter becoming extinct. This view is substantially indorsed by subsequent writers, with the exception of Wortman, who in his studies of Eocene Carnivora in the Marsh collec- tion, appears inclined to lay emphasis, especially in the first part of his paper, upon the marsupial affinities of the group. So far as I can understand Doctor Wortman’s position, it seems to be that the creodonts and carnivores are two distinct branches, both derived from the Cretaceous marsupials exemplified by Didelphops, and that the modern carnivorous marsupials, except for the inflection of the jaw and suppression of the second set of teeth, are little altered from the Cretaceous ancestors of the placental Carnivora. Hence the Basal Eocene creodonts and carnivores are closely allied to the living marsupials, the Middle Eocene less nearly so, and in the Oligocene and later formations the modern carnivore stamp becomes more apparent. The essential divergence of this view from that generally accepted is in the nearer alliance implied between marsupials and placentals. In Wortman’s view the Carnivora, Creodonta, Insectivora, etc., arise “ach as a separate branch from the Cretaceous marsupials, which also — persist little altered in the modern Polyprotodonts. If this be true, the modern groups of placentals are not more nearly related to each other than they are to the Polyprotodont marsupials, and their resem- blances are all due to parallelism. This view is only held conjecturally in the case of other groups, but is quite specifically stated in regard to Creodonts and true Carnivores. I do not think, however, that the evidence, even as stated by — Wortman, supports this view, and quite naturally he is inclined to lay emphasis upon the marsupialoid features of the creodont skull. On the contrary, I think it is safe to say that if we set aside super- No. 1449. THE OSTEOLOGY OF SINOPA—MATTHEW. 233 ficial and adaptive characters, and rest principally upon deep-seated resemblances such as are found in the characters of the base of the skull, the dental and dorsolumbar formule, ete., we find every known creodont very much nearer to the modern Carnivora than to the modern marsupials. On the other hand, the little that is known of Cretaceous marsupials bears distinctly the marsupial stamp in every detail and does not show any essential approach to the early placentals. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XVI U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ‘ Z (SUTTON AA ‘TOSplIg JOY JO ysvo ‘YOY S,YILWIG UO spod Jesplug JOMOT oy} UL JosuBRIy Joy[VM Aq punoy) ‘sod puB snuBUtr Joy ay} e10]Ser 0} BpBUT Uoeq SBYy IdUI9I}v ON “TO[OD JOYS, BAG UsUITOedS ay} UO poeyRorpUr ‘AoqsRTd UT PoLO}Sol Udd IABY “Jo ‘BIqe}IoA JO sourds puwv sossoooid SnOMBA puB ‘VOOJaIOF puv ‘wlndwos ‘sq Jo sjred ‘vnqy WSL ‘[re} oy} JO pus oy, “NOILISOd ONIMTIVMA V NI GALNNO| ‘NOLATSYNS adAL ‘IYSONVYD VdONIS THE LOCUSTIDZ AND GRYLLIDZ (KATYDIDS AND CRICK- ETS) COLLECTED BY W. T. FOSTER IN PARAGUAY. By ANDREW NELSON CAUDELL, Custodian, Section of Orthoptera. The Locustide contained in the Foster collection number 176 speci- mens, representing 28 species, while the Gryllide comprise 69 speci- mens, representing 11 species. The following paper treats of these two families. The nonsaltatorial forms have previously been reported upon,” and the Acrididée will soon be discussed in the pages of these Proceedings by Professor Bruner. Family LOCUSTID. Subfamily PHANHEHROPTEHERIN &. 1. ISOPHYA HAMATA Giglio-Tos. Fourteen males, sixteen females, three nymphs. January, February, March, August, and November. These specimens agree almost perfectly with the description. 2. ANIARA PROXIMA Brunner. Seven males, three females. February and October. The males are somewhat larger than the measurements given by Brunner. The anterior tibe bear two or three distinct spines on the upper outer carina, thus differing from the generic diagnosis, but the radial veins are connate and the transverse veins are parallel, thus referring the species to the genus Aniara. The cerci of the male are simple, not furnished with a median process, as in the species of the genus [Hyperophora, but are long and slender. While theSe insects possess several characters at variance with those described for A. proxima, they are nevertheless questionably referred to that species. They may eventually prove to be quite distinct, generically as well as specifically, but I have not thought it best to so consider them at this time. aJourn. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XII (1904), pp. 179-188. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No. 1450. 235 } 236 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoOr.kex. a5 HYPEROPHORA BRASILIENSIS Brunner. Three males, three females. January to March. The ovipositors of these females are longer than described by Brun- ner, one being 12 mm. long and nearly straight. 4. HYPEROPHORA MINOR Brunner. Eleven males, six females. January, February, March, May, Octo- ber, and November. The females have the following measurements: Length, pronotum, 3.75 mm.: elytra, 25-27 mm.; hind femora, 21— 22 mm.: ovipositor, 7-8 mm. 5. HYPEROPHORA PERUVIANA Brunner. Three males, tive females, and one female nymph. August to March. The females have the following measurements: Length, pronotum, 44.5 mm.; elytra, 29-31 mm.; posterior femora, 23-25 mm.; ovipositor, 5 mm. 6. AMAURA OLIVACEA Brunner. Three females. February and March. The anterior tibia really has a terminal spine and sometimes also a basal one, but they are seemingly very readily broken off, being absent in most specimens. The posterior femora of these specimens measure 18 mm. in length and the elytra 23-25 mm. by 3-4 mm. broad at the middle. 7- HOMATOICHA FUSCOPUNCTATA, new species. Seemingly allied to Cerata punctata but can not be placed in Ceraza because of the armature of the posterior femora, as described below. Color, green with the elytra marked along the median area with a row of seven or eight small fuscous spots. Lateral lobes of the pro- notum higher than long, the posterio-ventral margin nearly straight. Posterior femora long and nearly unarmed beneath, the single speci- men before me having a single spine on the inner carina just before the middle on the right leg, while the left femora is wholly unarmed. Ovipositor strongly curved upwards, apically rounded and finely. ser- rate, the serrations extending back well toward the base above. Length, pronotum, 5.5 mm.; elytra, 31 mm.; posterior femora, 26 mm.; Ovipositor, 5 mm. Type.—A single female, without date, in the collection of Professor sruner, no. 1450. PARAGUAYAN KATYDIDS AND CRICKETS—CA UDELL. Ist 8. CERAIA SIMILIS, new species. Near @. dentata Brunner and falls next to it in the table of species. The cerci of the male are about four times as long as the basal width, apically depressed and armed with a sharp incurved black tooth and furnished on the inner side beyond the middle with a thick projec- tion; subgenital plate of male elongate, tapering, apically cleft and furnished with styles as long as the middle width of the plate; sub- genital plate of female considerably produced, tapering, the narrow tip subtruncate, very slightly notched; ovipositor strongly upcurved, the tip rounded, finely serrate near the apex below and above for the greater part of its length. Length, pronotum, male and female 5-5.5 mm.; elytra, male 30-31 mm., female 30-32 mm.; posterior femora, male 21 mm., female 22 mm. ; ovipositor, 7 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 9626, U.S.N.M. Five males, seven females. February, March, and April. 9g. CERAIA CORNUTOIDES, new species. Allied to C. cornuta Brunner and falls next to it in the table of species. The lobes of the anal segment of the male, however, are but one-sixth as long as the pronotum instead of being longer, as described in cornuta. The tarsi are scarcely infuscated and the cerci of the male are blunt and apically forked, each fork apically pointed. The ovi- positor is long and apically rounded. The antenne are basally annu- lated with black, and the subgenital plate of the male is as described in cornuta. One female has the antenne unicolorous, the black bands being obliterated. It may represent another species. Length, pronotum, male and female 6 mm.; elytra, male 34 mm., female 38-39 mm.; posterior femora, male 27 mm., female 27-30 mm.; ovipositor, 11 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 9627, U.S.N.M. One male, three females. December, January, and February. 1o. SCAPHURA VIGORSII Kirby. One female. January. This is probably the same species as that mentioned by Giglio- Tos from Paraguay but is a little larger than the measurements given by Brunner. The anterior tibie are armed above with three spines and the middle ones with several on both margins. Thus it is an aberrant member of this genus as defined by Brunner. 238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 11. PHYLLOPTERA ALLIEDEA, new species. Green, in dried specimens the head and pronotum usually somewhat yellowish. Pronotum flat above, the disk not much broader posteriorly than anteriorly; lateral carine sharp; lateral lobes vertical, higher than long. broadly rounded below; meso- and metasternal lobes tri- anewar. Elytra without markings, except two or three small obscure spots on the ulnar vein, and about 5 mm. shorter than the wings. Lees green or yellowish green; anterior tibize sulcate above but un- armed; femora sparsely spinose below, the posterior ones armed on both margins in the apical half; spines of the anterior and intermediate femora usually very small and inconspicuous, generally confined to one carina. Cerci of the male curved inward and upward, the tip truncate and subdentate; subgenital plate of the male of moderate length, apically truncate, ventrally bisulcate, furnished with styles as long as the apical width of the plate. Ovipositor one and one-half times as long as the pronotum, apically pointed, serrate above on the apical half. Length, pronotum, male and female, 5 mm.; elytra, male 33-34 mm. ; female 35 mm.; posterior femora, male 19-21 mm.; female 22 mm.; ovipositor, 8 mm.; width of elytra at the middle, male 12.5-13 mm., female 14 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 9628, U.S.N.M. Six males, one female. February. This species is allied to P. finot? of Griffin and also somewhat allied to some of the species described by Giglio-Tos, but seems distinct from any of them. It probably resembles P. phyllopteroides Burmeister more closely than any other species, but is separable from that insect, as characterized by Brunner, by several characters. 12, PHYLLOPTERA FOSTERI, new species. Female.—Uniformly brownish testaceous with the elytra marked along the middle with three small fuscous spots. Anterior tibiz un- armed above and smooth; anterior and intermediate femora unarmed or the anterior ones with a few very short inconspicuous spines on the anterior side. Lateral lobes of the pronotum higher than long, the anterior margin slightly sinuate; lateral carine sharp. Elytra but a little more than one and one-half times as long as the posterior femora, but not so short as in brevifolia. Length, pronotum, 5 mm.; elytra, 34 mm.; posterior femora, 22 mim.; ovipositor, 7 mm.; width of the elytra at the middle point, 13.5 mim. Type.—One female, without date, in the collection of Professor Bruner. This species is seemingly allied to brev{folia Brunner and ovalifolia Burmeister and in a table of species would fall between those species. No. 1450. PARAGUAYAN KATYDIDS AND ORICKETS—CAUDELL. 239 13. PHYLLOPTERA SPINULOSA Brunner. Three males and four females. January, February, and March. Two of the male specimens have a round yellowish spot near the center of the elytra. It was not determined if this is of specific value, as no female with this marking is in the collection. The anterior tibiz are dorsally somewhat sulcate in these specimens. 14. PLAGIOPTERA BICORDATA Serville. One female. January. 15. TURPILIA SUBINERMIS, new species. Size, small. Differing from the described species of the genus in having the posterior femora unarmed below, or nearly so, and with the anterior and intermediate tibiz spined above with several spines. Color, green or yellowish green. Pronotum with the lateral lobes scarcely higher than long, meeting the disk with a rounded angle. Elytra elongate, apically narrowly rounded, in the female but little shorter than the wings, in the male considerably shorter. Legs slender; anterior tibie rounded above and armed on the outer margin with 3 spines; middle tibiz sulcate above and armed on the inner margin with several spines and on the outer carina with 1 or 2; anterior and inter- mediate femora armed below with 3 or 4 small spines; posterior femora usually unarmed below, sometimes with a few very small spinules. Cerci of the male about five times as long as the basal width and apic- ally bent abruptly inward, the tip truncate; subgenital plate apically truncate with moderately long, stout, rigid styles. Ovipositor about as long as the pronotum, strongly upcurved at the base, finely serrate above and below in the outer three-fourths. Length, pronotum, male, 44.25 mm.; female, 4.5 mm.; elytra, male and female, 22-25 mm.; posterior femora, male, 16-16.5 mm., female, 17-18 mm.; ovipositor, 5-5.5 mm.; width of the elytra at the middle, male and female, 6.5—7.25 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 9632 U.S.N.M. Two males and four females. December and February. This species exhibits some characters at variance with those attrib- uted to Zurpilia, but I have hesitated to make a new genus for it. The spines of the anterior and intermediate tibiz are very fine and are often absent, probably broken off. 16. STEIRODON VALIDUM Stal. One female. December. This specimen is a little smaller than the measurements given for this species by Brunner, the size being as follows: Length, pronotum, 14.5 mm.; elytra, 73 mm.; posterior femora, 34 mm.; ovipositor, 8mm. Width of the elytra at the middle, 26 mm. de > 240 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. Subfamily PSEHUDOPHY LLIN _E. 17. DASYSCELUS NORMALIS Brunner. Very similar to D. argentina” of Berg, but a little larger. The color and general structure seems very like Berg’s species, but I can scarcely agree with Brethes in considering these synonymous.’ They differ specifically in the following respects: The posterior femora of normalis, as represented by the specimens before me, are much longer and the anterior femora are armed beneath on the inner side with three distinct spines, while in argentina they are described as unarmed. The ovipositor is considerably broader than in argentina and the legs are very little mottled and the antenne scarcely at all banded. The measurements of the specimens before me are as follows: Length, pronotum, male 8 mm., female 9 mm.; elytra, male 9.5 mm., female 10-10.5 mm.; anterior femora, male 10 mm.; female 10.5-11 mm.; intermediate femora, male 7.5 mm., female 8-8.5 mm.; posterior femora, male 17 mm., female 20.5 mm.; posterior tibie, male 18 mm., female 20 mm.; ovipositor, 12 mm.; width, posterior femora, male 3.5 mm., female 4 mm.; ovipositor, 3.25 mm. One male and two females. December and January. Subfamily GRYLLACRIN 4. 18. HYPERBAENUS BOHLSII Giglio-Tos. One male. February. Subfamily CONOCEPHALIN AE. 19. COPIOPHORA PRODUCTA Bolivar. One female. February. The pronotum is a little short and the ovipositor a little long for this species, measuring, respectively, 9 and 38 mm. in length. 20. CAULOPSIS OBERTHURI Bolivar. One male. August. rhe pronotum of this specimen shows .no indication of anterior emargination. 21. CONOCEPHALUS DISSIMILIS Serville. Three males, four females, two nymphs. December, January, February, and March. « This species, which was described under the genus Pleminia, isin part the species questionably referred to Pleminia miserabilis by Giglio-Tos in Bull. Mus. Torino, IX, no. 184, 1894, p. 40, and later referred by the same author to the Dasyscelus demi- gratus of Brunner. But that species is typically African and will probably be found to differ from this South American form. ® Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, (III) V, 1905, p. 67. No.1450. PARAGUAYAN KATYDIDS AND CRICKETS—CA UDELL. 241 22. CONOCEPHALUS PUSTULATUS Redtenbacher. One female. December. XIPHELIMUM, new genus. Male.—Robust. Fastigium narrow, narrower than the basal seg- ment of the antennz, which it does not surpass, dorsally very narrowly sulcate, separated from the face below by a constriction and trans- verse sulcus; face smooth. Pronotum smooth, subtruncate before and behind, the disk posteriorly considerably elevated and moderately produced; lateral lobes rectangulate below, the posterior border nearly straight, humeral sinus slight, anterior border perpendicular in upper half, the lower half tapering backward, meeting the pos- terior margin at right angles; lateral carine barely indicated by broadly rounded angles; prosternum bispinose: meso- and metasternal lobes acute angulate but not spinose. Wings and elytra of equal length, surpassing the short abdomen, but scarcely passing beyond the middle of the long hind femora; elytra very broad, inclosing the abdomen and broadly rounded or subtruncate apically, the costal area very broad, transparent and occupied by very distinct parallel trans- verse veins; stridulating organ well developed. Legs slender, anterior and intermediate tibize with 6 subequal spines on each side below, the posterior tibize with an apical spine on each side above; anterior and intermediate femora unarmed, the posterior ones armed below on both margins; genicular lobes spinose. Cerci cylindrical, slightly incurved and armed on the inner side beyond the middle with a broad double-pointed tooth. Type.—Xiphelimum amplipenne, new species. This genus is allied to both Xiphidium and Orchelimum, the more heavy form giving it more the appearance of the latter. .The very broad elytra with the transparent costal field with its array of distinct parallel transverse veins gives it a very characteristic appearance. 23. XIPHELIMUM AMPLIPENNIS, new species. Male (female unknowWn).—General color greenish, the top of the head and of the pronotum anterior of the fairly distinct principal sulcus with a broad mesial band of solid black, rarely extending faintly , back upon the posterior part of the disk. Elytra with the apex externally longitudinally folded, giving the tip a notched or truncate appearance when viewed from the side or end. Legs reddish, the apices of the posterior tibize and femora piceous and the posterior tarsi also black. The. posterior legs are very long and the femora are armed on each side below with 5 or 6 stout spines. Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——16 42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. | bo Length, pronotum 44.5 mm; elytra, 10-11 mm; posterior femora, 14-16.5 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 2630, U.S.N.M. Five males. February and March. 24. XIPHIDIUM BRACHYPTERUS Redtenbacher. Two females. January and February. 25. XIPHIDIUM LONGIPES Redtenbacher. Two males, one female. February and March. 26. XIPHIDIUM MERIDIONALE Scudder. Six males, twelve females. January, February, and August. 27. XIPHIDIUM SALTATOR Saussure. Two males, four females. January and February. This is probably but a form of fasciatum, having been referred to as such by Griffini. Most of these females have the ovipositor 12 or 13 mm. long, but one specimen has it barely 9 mm. This latter speci- men, which agrees with ones named saltator by Dr. S. H. Seudder, has the ovipositor straight while in the others it is a little curved. 28. XIPHIDIUM STRICTOIDES, new species. Female (male unknown).—Superficially resembling X. strictum Scudder and in many respects structurally allied to it. Slender. Green or brownish. Fastigium of the vertex narrow, viewed from above narrower than the basal segment of the antenne, constricted before the tip, from an anterior view considerably and gradually narrowing from above downward. In the allied species, strictum, the vertex is much broader, being as broad as the basal seg- ment of the antennze when viewed from above, and when viewed from in front narrows abruptly from above downward, appearing triangular. Pronotum with the lateral lobes rounded-angulate below, the posterior margin straight, without sinus. Dorsum of head and pronotum usu- ally unicolorous, sometimes with the mediaft! line infuscated. Legs unicolorous, all the femora unarmed; anterior tibize with 6 small spines on each side below. Wings aborted; elytra about as long as the thorax, apically narrowly rounded, not, or barely, overlapping. Abdo- men unicolorous. Ovipositor very long, much longer than the pos- terior femora, nearly straight. Length, pronotum, 3.25-3.5 mm.; posterior femora, 15.5 mm.; elytra, 3-3.5 mm.; ovipositor, 24 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 9631, U.S.N.M. Four females, one immature. December, January, and February. no.1450. PARAGUAYAN KATYDIDS AND CRICKETS—CAUDELL. 243 Family GRYLLID. 29. SCAPTERISCUS BORELLII Giglio-Tos. Four specimens. November and February. 30. SCAPTERISCUS CAMERONI Giglio-Tos. Two specimens. March. 31. GRYLLUS ARGENTINUS Saussure. One male and two females of the long winged form and one brach- ypterous male. November, December, and January. Also one nymph taken in August. 32. GRYLLUS ASSIMILIS Fabricius. Four males, nine females, long winged; one male, three females, short winged. Also a number of immature specimens. December, January, and August. 33. MIOGRYLLUS PUSILLUS Burmeister. One male, one female. January and February. 34. NEMOBIUS FASCIATUS DeGeer. Two males. February. 35. NEMOBIUS MELLEUS Scudder. Two females. February. 36. CYRTOXIPHUS, species. One small nymph, probably belonging to this genus. January. 37. DIATRYPA TUBERCULATA Saussure. One female. January. This small elongate yellowish cricket is very probably correctly __ referred here. It has the following measurements: | Length, pronotum, 2.5 mm.; elytra, 10 mm.; posterior femora, 7.5 mm.; ovipositor, 6.5 mm.; width of pronotum, 2.75 mm. The disk of the pronotum is longitudinally striped on each side with fuscous. 38. ENEOPTERUS SURINAMENSIS DeGeer. Seven males, nine females. February, March, July, August, and October. 244 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 39. COPHUS THORACICUS? Saussure. One female. October. It is doubtful if this specimen belongs to this species, though it cer- tainly belongs to the genus. The type locality, Cuba, is far from Paraguay, and there are also discordant characters in the structure of the insect. The color is dark brown mottled with black, the front and middle legs are distinctly ringed with black, and the hind femora are mottled with fuscuous. The posterior tibie have four spines on each side. , Length, pronotum, 5 mm.; anterior femora, 10 mm.; posterior femora, 20.5 mm.; ovipositor, 20 mm. BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES. By AvES HroiiéKa, Assistant Curator, Division of Physical Anthropology. PART I. PHYSICAL CHANGES IN HUMAN AND OTHER BRAINS COLLECTED UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS AND PRESERVED IN VARIOUS FORMALIN PREPARATIONS. Anatomical and anthropological investigations on the brain to determine the homologies and differences in the organ and all its parts, between man and other animals, and between races and other groups of mankind, make large collections of brains necessary. Such collec- tions imply the use of means by which the brains can be kept indefi- nitely in good condition for study. An ideal means would be. one which would allow every specimen to preserve its form, size, weight, and all macroscopical as well as minute features. The need for such an agent has long been felt and led from dry preparations to the use of various liquid preservatives, among which, subsequently to the introduction of that chemical in 1894 by Blum, have been solutions containing formaldehyde. The commercial solutions of formaldehyde, known ordinarily as formol, or formalin, have, even when much diluted, the quality of rapidly penetrating and hardening brain tissue, allowing but little alteration in the form of the organ and preserving much of its color. Furthermore, when hardened, specimens can be kept in the formalin 9 ' solution without further noticeable change quite indefinitely and the _ preservative is not expensive. The chemical, however, is not wholly ' without objections; some persons are affected adversely by its fumes, the volume and weight of the brain are increased somewhat in its solutions, and it does not serve best the purposes of histology; yet the other advantages of formalin are so great that, until something more efficient be discoyered, it can not wel! be dispensed with for brain preservation. PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No. 1451. 245 246 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. Efforts have been made to correct the faults of formalin by the addition of other substances to its solutions, or by following these, after the desired hardening of the brain had been effected, with other preservatives. It has been combined with or followed by various pro- portions of alcohol (Parker & Floyd, Marie, Gerota, etc.), potassium bichromate, or Miiller’s fluid (Diedrichs, G. Retzius), glycerin (Lan- zillotti-Buonsanti, Chencinski), sodium acetate with sodium chloride and alcohol (Stroud, Wilder), sodium chloride and zine chloride (Fisk), sodium chloride alone (Spitzka), and bichloride of mercury.“ All of these combinations have been reported upon favorably. The effects of several formalin solutions have been observed? with some detail, but of no single solution do we possess exact and sufficiently detailed data as to its action on the brain, especially physically, and its action on the brains of persons of different ages, or on those of different animals, or finally on those collected under widely different conditions of the organ, or of temperature. Yet it is important to be acquainted with such facts. It is desirable to know which really is the best solu- tion or combination for at least most of the specimens, so that such a preparation alone may be used. Such knowledge would tend to bring about not only a much-desired unity of procedure, but also a general understanding, at any stage, of the state of our material, so far as formalin preservation is concerned. The use of a single solution with well-known effects would regulate our records and methods, and allow of a degree of accuracy in weight determinations and measurements not now possible. With these facts in mind, and remembering the excellent work by Donaldson in 1894 on the physical changes in the brain produced by various preservatives in use before the introduction of formalin, the writer, in establishing a brain collection in the Department of Anthro- pology of the United States National Museum, has endeavored to make a series of tests with several solutions, the main component of which was Merck’s formalin. The material accruing to the brain collection of thé Museum is heterogeneous, ranging from man’s brains’ to those of the lowest mammals,” and from aged individuals to embryos, hence it was par- ticularly suitable for experiments. Besides this it is always possible “ Still other compositions were employed for the purposes of histology and pathol- ogy—see summary in Tellyesnitzki. Special methods, also, having no bearing on the theme of this paper, were devised for the preservation of the natural color of various organs. » See Dexler, p. 382, after Flatan; records of the weight of the brain in 1 per cent, 5 per cent, and 10 per cent formalin solutions in 1, 3, 30, 90, 150, and 450 days. ¢ Of these, unfortunately, not a sufficient number were received in good condition during the progress of the experiments. “The term ‘‘mammal”’ is used, for want of a better term, throughout this paper as a designation for other mammals than man. slaughtered animals. Utilizing both resources, a double plan was fol- lowed. A number of different formalin solutions was made up, some in concentrations used by other workers and a few empirically as to strength, and each solution was used on a series of brains as they were received, including specimens of every nature. The second proced- ure was to obtain a large number of brains, as far as possible in the same condition, from some one fair-sized animal, and to subject uni- form series of such brains to the action of different solutions. The results of this latter inquiry appear in the second part of this paper. There are numerous factors which, as Donaldson has already shown, affect the changes in the brain in the same solution. One of these is the degree of freshness of the brain; another is the temperature of the air (large differences); and still another is the presence or absence of the soft membranes. _ Only the last of these conditions was capable of being fully regulated in the National Museum collection. The subjects from which brains are here obtained come from different sources, and it is impossible to get all the brains equally fresh; and as to cold and heat, the collecting continues throughout the year, and the laboratories are not so fitted as to keep up an even temperature. Yet no specimens were included in the tests that were sufficiently advanced in decomposition to make their hardening and preservation doubtful; and the changes of temperature in the laboratory where the brain col- lection is stored would not exceed 40° F. as the maximum in the course of the year. The brain was always laid into the preservative with the soft membranes intact or but slightly injured. The regular procedure in cases of the first category was as follows: The brain, being extracted without the dura mater, was immediately weighed; the solution in which it was to be laid was prepared before- hand; a layer of absorbent cotton was placed on the bottom of the glass jar to be used, and a quantity of the preservative poured in; the brain was then placed into the solution, with its base downward on the cotton, so as to rest easily (the cerebellum and cerebrum in the larger brains being separated bya thin layer of cotton), anda sufficient quan- tity of the preservative was added to rise 1 to 14 inches above the speci- men. ‘The jar was then closed, labeled, and placed on a shelf, where it remained for one week. No injection through the arteries or into the ventricles was practiced, because it would have been impossible with all the specimens, and it was not found essential. On the eighth day the brain was taken out, drained in a fixed manner, and then weighed; the old cotton and solution were replaced with new, in same quantity, the brain was put back into the jar and placed again on the shelf. One month after receiving the specimen the same procedure was repeated. Other weighings were taken in some cases, during as 248 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, wellas after the first month, with always the same method of drainage, but without a change of solution. The method of draining steadily adhered to and applicable to speci mens of all sizes, is to take the brain carefully into one or both hands, and then swing the arms with a somewhat rapid motion from fore backward, by which most of the liquid attached to the brain is thrown off; this takes only a brief time, after which the brain is placed for - five minutes upon a dry cotton towel. This procedure gives a good and fairly uniform drainage, and is preferable to the use of funnels. In the second category of cases one of several additional procedures introduced was proportioning the quantity of the preservative, in cubic centimeters, to the weight of brains, in-grams. The solutions chosen for the specimens here dealt with were 3 per cent, 5 per cent, 10 per cent, and 15 per cent formalin (commercial solution of formaldehyde) in distilled water; two solutions of for- malin, 5 per cent, to which was added salt, in one case enough to raise the specific gravity to 1,035,¢ and in the other to 1,030; and in addi- tion the writer used several combinations of formalin with solutions of ordinary alum (potassium and aluminium sulphate), which was chosen for its astringent effects on organic tissues. In two series a saturated solution of alum?’ was mixed with one part of water, and in another witb two parts of water. ‘The changes to which most attention was paid, and which probably represent best the physical changes, were, as with Donaldson, and Flatau, those of weight. The general and specific results follow: The changes in the weight of brains in all the mixtures showed (1) « characteristic type for every solution, and (2) a noticeable variation tor eEvErTY solution. (1) In every solution the first three to five days were with all brains the period of the most rapid changes in weight. In probably all of the solutions here reported upon, and with all brains, there was an initial stage of gain. This reached more or less promptly its maxi- mum, and was followed by a general, long-continuing loss. A period of stability was established but slowly. So far as the observations went (two years), absolute stability in weight of the specimens was not reached. In every solution the daily changes in the brain weight formed a characteristic curve. This will be better illustrated in Part II. In all the simple solutions of formalin in water, up to 15 per cent of the former (the strongest tested), the initial gain was well marked. It was larger with the weakest solution and decreased as the propor- “ Near the specific gravity of the whole brain: after Spitzka. » A saturated solution of alum was prepared by placing an excess of that salt in a large jar of water, stirring well, allowing the mixture to stand at ordinary tempera- ture for several days, and filtering just before using. | —— a No. 1451. BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLICKA. 249 tion of formalin increased, which showed that the effect of formalin on the brain was to hinder its enlargement (apparently due to water alone) and probably, in addition, to promote the loss of some of the constituents of the organ. After the culmination of the process of gain, which, as shown by further experiments, was always completed before nine days, a gradual progressive loss followed, which in per- centage was alike with the different solutions. The ultimate weight of the brain depends, in consequence of this similarity of loss, very largely on the height of the initial rise in weight. If this had been large, as with the 3 per cent solution, the ultimate weight (within two years) would still be above the original; but if the gain was smaller, as with the 15 per cent formalin solution, the ultimate weight of the specimen would be found more or less below its weight immediately after extraction from the skull. Whenever a marked increase in the weight of the brain took place, there was also a noticeable increase in its volume. The effect of adding alum or salt to formalin solutions was to decrease or, with larger quantities, almost entirely to do away with the initial gain, and to augment the subsequent absolute loss of brain weight. The percentage of the loss in weight, however, remained related to that in the simple formalin solutions. Simultaneously with the loss of weight in the stronger concentrations was also visible a decrease in the volume of the organ. No direct relation was found between these phenomena and the specific gravity of the solutions. It appears that alum, sodium chloride, and, according to more recent experiences, other salts also, as wellas,alcohol, act on the brain physically much like greater proportions of formaldehyde; hence the use of such means with formalin permits the obtaining of similar physical results with correspondingly smaller proportions of this chemical. Arenewal of the preservative generally affected slightly the changes in the brain, causing a temporary rise in weight. As to the rapidity of hardening and other visible changes in the brain, the differences between the several liquids were not great. A moderate toughening of the brain was in every one of the preserva- tives observable on the second day, and a good hardening, with fresh adult spécimens, was generally reached within a week. In the salt- formalin solution the brains were, at least for a time, slightly softer, in the alum-formalin solution slightly more resistant, than those pre- served in simple solutions of formalin of the samestrength. A higher percentage of formalin was favorable to a more rapid and perhaps a slightly greater hardening. On the whole, should one be given speci- mens of the same size, but each hardened in a different solution of those here dealt with, after they had lain a few months in the liquid, it would be quite inypossible by the hardening alone, as perceptible through the unaided touch, to distinguish any of the preparations. 950 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, The hardening of small mammal and bird brains was effected much like that of the larger specimens. In hardening foetal human brains, the best results were obtained by the aid of stronger alum solutions. The color of the brain (except so far as it may be due to hemoglobin, which is bleached) was affected but little by any of the solutions em- ployed. Sodium chloride produced a lighter color or bleaching of the tissues; alum a slightly grayish tinge of the surface. Alum was more effective than salt in showing the differentiation of the gray and white matter. (2) With all the care exercised, the ratio of change in any given series in which the same preservative had been used was not uniform. i ate | }} : a a } re a i = oo om We Ba ye ae ada ep GA SR ESE 2 SB Sahel” “quo aad OTT EE ogg en ee ee LORS RS Se hereiet: in* at he oh. pas oe ES as Se Oe ae AE oe = ta Etter eg ee mat t EY eae sc f “quad Jad Oat “quad .ad (gT “quad tod OFT Se SU SERS *suvadk % “avok I ‘out I “MMT eee: BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLICKA. oS BRIEF DETAILS CONCERNING THE VARIOUS PRESERVATIVES. THREE PER CENT FORMALIN SOLUTION. All specimens increased in weight, mammal brains more than human; brains of the young, human and mammal, increased more than those of adults. A decrease in weight in all classes of specimens set in within the first month and continued slowly as far as observed : (two years). In every instance the weight of the brain at the end of two years was still greater than the original. 110 } per cent ig 120 | 1 week, 1 month, 61st day. | 1st change 2d change of solution. of solution. | Cat. No, 224803, U.S.N.M. Phoca vitul, 3 per cent formalin. Fic. 4.—CURVE SHOWING CHANGES IN BRAIN WEIGHTS IN 3 PER CENT FORMALIN SOLUTION, FIVE PER CENT FORMALIN SOLUTION. All specimens rose in weight, but the young, at least, less so than in the 3 per cent solution; mammal brains augmented more than human; some of the brains of the young showed a greater increase, some a little less than the ‘average of the corresponding series of adults. A decrease in weight in all specimens set in within the first month, and continued slowly for at least eighteen months. At the end of one to one and one-half years the weight of the adult human and: mammal brains was in most instances still above the original: in the case of the young, in one human and one mammal it was above, in one human and one mammal well below, the original. K ia) by 4 ° > S OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Y a PROCEEDING 254 ‘NOILATOS NITVNUOK INGO Uad G NI SLHDIAM NIVUA NI SHDNVHO DNIMOHS SHAUNO—DG “DIY --occce ‘SUnOA ‘s[VULUTBL eo LLL O Ae aU LET Fo “gue tad 46 z 7 | : ae | | “quad 10d OTT ee ae T Oe ee vee ly -~—4-p-- ‘quod sad ZI ‘gues sod ost ‘oul *% m I 255 “NOILOTOS NITVWHOA INGO wad G NI SLHDIOM NIVUA NI SHDNVHO YNIMOHS SHATAD—"gQe “OIA SS SSS ‘SaNpeB ‘spBUTUTRyy ee ope) weomnry haere p++ t Bi as 2 a “quad Jed OTT rg ee en cop Se a “‘queo Jad 0Zt BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLIN CKA. No. 1451. PDA LLG LLG LON OOM a VOL. XXX. ATIONAL MUSEUM. a = PROCEEDINGS OF THE N “NOILOTOS NITVNWHOA INA Add OT NI SLHDIGAM NIVUA NI SHDNVHO DNIMOHS SHAHNDN—'9 “YLT Mipsis wea og ‘s}[npe ‘spalg ———— — — ‘s}[npe ‘seme SGRSSE eae 22S eRe e ee Bw ee nn nen eee penne ee a aa pt ; ; Lad See ae : ml z =. oF 3 3 1 9ua0 Jad OTT ga* 4 4uU99 sad ost *sauvat SI “ava dt I “OuLT “HAT 257 ¥ BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLICKA. No, 1451. “NOILO IOS NITVWHOU INA Ud GL NI SLHDIGM NIVUE NI SHONVHO ONIMOHS SHAUNDN—'L “DIY o— + ms ee ‘Sunod ‘s[eulUe ‘ W ee ‘y;upe ‘Sprig. eo, Se ee For ‘[npe S[BULULB JY - - - 7 =a a 7 ' "quad od og Ss eee oe 4 "quad ed 06 EE te as Beg Se eta aa ab aN Qn er Eee ck eee =} "gu90 10d OTT [REE SE sae ee 3 EERE F ae ee es oe eR SE oes ea. Rea ee i pene eters cen mre ee eet 2 al ES Sie SL ge SS pat eprer ee “quad tad (grt ——t} -nur90 0d 01 Proc. N. M. vol. 258 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATI ONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. TEN PER CENT AND 15 PER CENT FORMALIN SOLUTIONS. In these the number of mammals was rather small and all were of small size, which had an effect on the figures. All the specimens ‘nereased in weight. as in the 3 per cent and 5 per cent formalin solu- tions, during the early part of the first month, and slowly and con- tinuously declined afterwards. The ultimate weight reached was in every case, and particularly in the 15 per cent liquid, lower than with the weaker solutions. It was greater in the birds than in the mammals. Experiments on the larger and more uniform brains of sheep showed plainly a progressively less initial augmentation and lower subsequent fall in weight with the increase in strength of the formalin to 10 and 15 per cent. 1,030 anp 1,035 SPECIFIC GRAVITY SALT SOLUTIONS, WITH 5 PER CENT FORMALIN. These two solutions acted practically alike; the 1,030 sp. gr. liquid was more largely used, for the reason that fewer brains will float in it. 90 per cent. 80 per cent. 70 per cent. Balti a : : : Pot Mammals, adult, — — — — — — Birds, adult, ...--..--------- Fic. 8.—CURVES SHOWING CHANGES IN BRAIN WEIGHTS IN 1,030 SPECIFIC GRAVITY SALT FORMALIN SOLUTION, Only adult mammal and bird brains were preserved in the solution, no normal human or young specimens having reached the laboratory — while it was being employed. A large majority of brains in both | series showed at the end of the first week a decided loss in weight, 259 Gale ATIVES—HRDLICK v 7 2: BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERY No. 1451. % and this gradually progressed. The bird brains showed greater loss than those of mammals. On the whole the effects of the solution resemble those of the alum-formalin combinations. ONE-HALF SATURATED SOLUTION OF ALUM, WITH 9 PER CENT FORMALIN. The various series of specimens in this solution behaved in the same way as those in one-half saturated solution of alum with 10 per cent aes es Bs son EA ER Bilan ek OS RS EES “syUOUI 6 — -—+ ~ ot Sek et ce ESI Site Bee Shae) Bh a LES Se Yt eee cer ceeanne Sy tome ; ae hh a Sa ae ae Boas Peet oe it ; ESE OE SE : dee ne pe tt ; i poe ak Seats Saha arg nuke gee tie ei ; Es Ses Son Se Gees eon Leesocee anes | Wie toey Wane re cee cane eso on eee Te See : oF : $ et ; cod ek a a He on a (oe ms everett among eaiurarat bane Bee a ne Ree) eee Yur waren ene “yquour [ P——————— ie oe 2 E r. 3 ¥ “e oa eer eran once te tin ore eels Ce ae OES Pas See ew ee? pee te reeset nent en Hertha oconnipasny 90 per cent 80 per cent 70 per cent Mammals, Mammals, adult, —— — — — Fre. 9.—Cu young, — - BITS adit sens seee see cise SOLUTION OF ALUM, S IN ONE-HALF SATURATED WEIGHT: ES IN BRAIN RVES SHOWING CHANG PER CENT FORMALIN. ) WITH formalin, except that the loss was throughout slightly less. An ased amount of formalin with this alum solution favored some- what a loss of weight of the specimens. Incre 260 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, ONE-HALF SATURATED SOLUTION OF ALUM, WITH 10 PER CENT FORMALIN. At the end of the first week one human specimen showed a small increase, another a slight diminution in weight; among the mammals, two adults and two young showed a very slight increase, the rest of the mammals and all the birds a decrease in the original weight. Apparently there was an initial rise, but it was slight and of short sh. ra ai 2 z ® S 2 E, iS th 102 —_ et ne Aon ecet UR BS Ta Mee Aes a ———— ‘o | _— PrST CLs dd ——_ =i , : t Li poset ee te tei eld er SRR a ae fn CR 90 per cent. ——— th vee Oe Hid i a RES SEH A SS 80 per cent. 2 : z << - ; aan SF ° IMMER SRB MEES TL mk hy i aH j Re? Sage. } 70 per cent. Human, adult, Mammals, adult, —— — — — — Birds, adult, Mammals, young, - —- —- —- = F1G, 10.—CURVES SHOWING CHANGES IN BRAIN WEIGHS IN ONE-HALF SATURATED SOLUTION OF ALUM, WITH 10 PER CENT FORMALIN. duration. The brains of adult birds lost more than those of full-grown mammals, and these lost more than the adult human brains. Brains of young mammals lost more than those of full-grown. The ultimate deficiency in weight was greater than in any of the simple formalin solutions. ONE-THIRD SATURATED SOLUTION OF ALUM, WITH 5 PER CENT FORMALIN. This preservative influenced the weight in the various series of specimens much as did the one-half saturated alum solutions, only the loss of weight.was on the whole still slightly smaller. The one adult human brain preserved in this liquid showed a slight initial increase, but in the mammal and bird brains there was at the end of a week in “No. 1451. BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATI VES—HRDLICK A, 261 most cases already a decided loss. The brains of the young, both human and mammal, with one exception, lost more than those of the adults. The brains of adult mammals and birds behaved generally much alike in this solution. Human, adult, Mammals, adult, — — — — — — Birds, adult, alate Solution of Qin wih 54 Soulalin 80 per cent. Ns Satiinatin Sobution of Qhanr wrth 5. J0$) allan, i ; Age a eeees gas ies ' | | | | | \ > | | { 1 4 R | | | | \ i i i 90 per eent. t | ease | GEIL ia Si oe ete ! Peers St i : | 80 per i A ES Seine =o cent. ! i Booey desta E | | aes j fa Ss ies : Mammals, young, —— — — __ _ Human, young, Fig. 11.—CURVES SHOWING CHANGES IN BRAIN WEIGHTS IN ONE-THIRD SATURATED SOLUTION OF ALUM WITH 5 PER CENT FORMALIN. The data here recorded make it plain that no single formalin brain preservative meets all the requirements, even for macroscopical pur- poses alone. If it issdesired to preserve specimens of a mixed (human and comparative) collection near their actual weight and volume, two 962 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. or three solutions of different concentration for brains of widely differ- ent mass would seem to be needed. Highly diluted (less than 5 per cent) and again highly concentrated (over 15 per cent) formalin solutions, and large additions of salts, are disadvantageous and ought not to be employed. Addition of alum to the formalin solution favors the process of hard- ening, and is to be recommended in preserving brains of the young, particularly of human foetuses. Among the numerous points left to be determined are the effects of additional solutions, the influence of different quantities of the pre- servative, and the exact daily changes during the first month at least in the specimens. Experiments made in the laboratory during the past summer with fifteen series of sheep brains and reported in Part II, will throw some light on these matters. The changes in individual brains of this first series are given in the following tables: ~ 263 AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLICKA. S x A BRAIN No. 1451. | 6G FIT | 09°¢ 90°SST | G°L Sie cgeaemite sremmurey || SF‘OTT (2) | O9'TEL (b) [77777 | eprer CEP aa "een (ED net +++ sreUMR Gs “POL (1) a reel OORT EY MI It se nates = ->-----soo(qns BUNT || TrSOL (1) }> 7 OL‘FOL (1) | P8"90T (1) | 6% “LOT (8) |e syoolfqus UU TT “ONDOK | “Lady een 2. ae “yquout “yoo | hag. ts if _.. | :qjgudur | “yeaa SIBOA sqyuour AIBOA 4 ss SIBOA syVuOUL AIBOA : | Ste anaes ical qsay Jo qsayy JO ¥ : : , ISA JO Isa JO Z 10a STO LIV | pao aya ay pua du ay apatang ZAI gl day L20¥ | puaayi ay| pu J *spofqng —JILSIOM [RULSLIO Jo JU90 10d *panunuo ‘ “SUDVUGAV y—wouitof fo ua. dad g swounjoy —JILFIOM [RULILLO JO JU99 Idd 265 v ICKA. 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The first part of this paper dealt with the effects of formalin pre- servatives on the weight of human, other mammal, and bird brains, adult as well as young, collected under various conditions. The results in any solution, although more or less characteristic for that particu- lar liquid, were by no means uniform. It was found that, in general, the changes in the large brains were less than in the small ones, and those in the adult less than in the young. Some of the differences may eventually be found to be those of species or larger subdivisions of the animal kingdom; but beyond all this there was seen a consider- able and unaccountable variation. This element was recognized long before the first experiments were completed. It rendered desirable a separate series of observations on the brains of some fair-sized animal, collected equally fresh, extracted and subsequently treated in the same manner, and kept in proportionately the same quantities of the presery- ative. Under such conditions the action of the various preservatives should be much clearer and more comparable, and the differences in the changes be reduced to the minimum; if noticeable disagreements still existed, they would point to differences in the structure of the brains or in their chemical composition. “It became possible to undertake the series of experiments during the early part of the summer just past. An arrangement was made with one of the city butchers to deliver every morning a small series of heads of sheep killed the night preceding. The brains, with the help of the laboratory aid, Mr. Docekal, were extracted in as short a time as possible and in the same manner (see Part I), then weighed and placed in a proportioned quantity of the preservative. Fifteen series were determined upon and the specimens were secured in a little over two weeks, during quite uniformly warm weather. Every series except two, which were smaller, consisted of eleven brains. Ten of the specimens were placed in a quantity of the preserative amount- ing to 3 c. c. for each gram weight of the specimen, while with one the quantity to the gram was made 6c. c. Of the brains in 3 ¢. ¢. to the gram liquid, one of about average dimension was weighed every day the same hour, while the remaining nine and also the eleventh specimen were weighed at the end of seven and again at the end of 277 . : 278 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. thirty days. Other weighings, as indicated in the detail tables, were taken thereafter. At the end of the seventh and the thirtieth day the solution and cotton were changed, as is done with all specimens in the museum collection. The drainage of each specimen was as uniform as practicable by the method outlined in the first part of this paper. The solutions employed were: 1. Three per cent formalin. 2, Five per cent formalin. 3. Ten per cent formalin. 4. Fifteen per cent formalin. 5. Saturated solution of common salt with 5 per cent formalin. 6. 1,030 sp. gr. common salt solution with 5 per cent formalin. 7. 1,015 sp. gr. common salt solution with 5 per cent formalin, 8. Saturated solution of alum with 5 per cent formalin. 9. One-third saturated solution of alum with 5 per cent formalin. 10. One-fifth saturated solution of alum with 5 per cent formalin. 11. One-third saturated solution of alum with common salt up to sp. er. 1,030, with 10 per cent formalin. 12. Saturated solution of alum with 5 per cent formalin. 13. Eighty parts of 95 per cent alcohol and 20 parts of 5 per cent formalin. 14. Sixty-five parts of 95 per cent alcohol and 35 parts of 3 per cent formalin (near that of Parker & Floyd). 15. Sodium acetate 130 grams, sodium chloride 110 grams, formalin 20 c. c.,95 per cent, alcohol 460 ¢. c., water 540 c. c. (Stroud, Wilder). The results, in detail, were as follows: THREE PER CENT FORMALIN. End of first week: The weight of brains in the 3 ¢. ¢. to the gram solution had risen in average 21 per cent, or over one-fifth of the original. Variation: From 118.55 per cent (specimen of 102 grams original weight) to 123.9 per cent (specimen of 102.5 grams)=5.37 per cent. The two heaviest brains (117.5 and 110.5 grams) gained, respectively, 20 and 18.55 per cent in weight, the two lightest ones (94 and 93.2 grams) 20.2 and 22.1 per cent. The brain in the 6. ¢. to the gram solution (100.5 grams original weight) increased 18.9 per cent, less than any other except one of the heaviest specimens, and the one weighed every day, which may have been affected thereby. End of first month: Weight of five of the nine brains in the 3 e. ¢. to the gram solution is very slightly greater (+0.08 to +0.44 per cent); of three, slightly smaller (—0.42 to —1.15 per cent), and of one, equal. Variation: From 117.19 to 124.02 per cent“=6.8 per cent. The changes were not quite harmonious with those of the first week, or proportionate to the weight of the specimens. The brain in the 6 “ As compared with original weight. S—HRDLICKA. 279 ATIVE: r a BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESER| No. 1451. "NOILATOS NITVNHOA LNAO Udd § NI SNIVUA dAAHS NI SHONVHO LHSIAM DNIMOHS FAYIDN— ZL “OV “Ay1IVp poysrom ‘ureiq daeys T ‘sJ0p Aq poyBoIpUT Spotiod 3B paystam ‘sureiq dosys 6 JO asBleAy ~——— *(aoTy NOS 40 asuBYyo Ps) UQUOU T *(uo1yn[os yo asueyo Ist) aM "quad ad OT "quan tod OZT 280 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. ee ne c. c. to the gram solution lost most and is now relatively the lightest of the whole series, excepting the one weighed every day. The brain weighed daily showed a great gain during the first day, reached maximum on the fifth, and began to decline on the seventh; after change of solution it rose during two days, and then again began to lose, which was repeated identically after the one-month change. FIVE PER CENT FORMALIN. End of first week: Weight of brains in 3 ¢. ¢. to the gram solution had risen in average 17.9 per cent, or a little over one-sixth of the original. Variation: From 116.12 (specimen of 119.7 grams original weight) to 120 per cent (specimen of 99 grams original weight)=3.88 per cent. The two heaviest brains (119.7 and 117 grams) gained, respectively, 16.1 and 18.4 per cent in weight, the two lightest ones (98.5 and 95.5 grams) 17.8 and 19.4 per cent. The brain in the 6 c. ¢. to the gram solution (100.5 grams original weight) had risen 18.9 per cent; that weighed every day 17.8 per cent. End of first month: Only one specimen showed a slight gain (+-1.08 per cent), while in eight there was a loss (—0.86 to —2.39 per cent). Variation: From 113.87 to 119.66 per cent=5.79 per cent. The changes were not quite harmonious with those of the first week, or proportionate to the weight of the specimen. The brain in the 6 c. ¢. to the gram solution lost 2.09 per cent, that weighed daily 2.39 per cent of weight, both above the average. The brain weighed daily gained much on the first day, reached a maximum on the fourth day, declined slowly to seventh, rose after change of solution during two days, fell gradually to the end of the first month, then, after a “Shange of solution, rose one day and has been slowly losing since. TEN PER CENT FORMALIN. End of first week: Weight of brains in 3 c. ¢. to the gram solution had risen in average 15 per cent, or nearly one-seventh of the original. Variation: From 112.84 (original weight, 97.5 grams) to 116.87 per cent (original weight, 80 grams)=4.03 per cent. The two heaviest brains (112 and 110.5 grams) gained, respectively, 14.73 and 15.38 per cent, the two lightest (96.5 and 80 grams) 15.54 and 16.87 per cent. The brain in the 6c. c. to the gram solution (125 grams original weight) gained but 14 per cent of weight, that weighed daily (102 grams orig- inal weight) 16.17 per cent. End of first month: The weight of one of the nine specimens in 3 c. ¢. to the gram solution has very slightly (+-0.45 per cent) increased, that of the other eight slightly to moderately (—1.07 to —3.29 per cent) decreased. Variation: From 110.31 to 115.63 per cent=5.32 per cent. The changes did not quite harmonize with those of the first | 281 ¥ —HRDLICK A. BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES No. 1451. “ATIVp poypsraa OTE OBEN) ee ‘sJ0p Aq payevorpur spolied ye peysiom ‘SUIB, ‘NOILOTOS NITVWHOA LINGO uad G*NI SNIVUA dAAHS NI SHONVHO LHSIAM DNIMOHS FAPNO—'ET “Dy iq dooys 6 Jo esvioAy rae Fo rei reckea e 7 sit ~ "\ i eX trod local rad, sae ae et EE Pee F «3 TE *(uo1T4n[os jo esuvyo) *(uoTyN[OS jo esuey) - qjUOU T Yoo T 9u99 Iod OTT quad Jad ogr VOL. XXX. ATIONAL MUSEUM. — we PROCEEDINGS OF THE N 282 *‘NOILNTIOS NITVNUOA INAD UAd OT NI SNIVUA dAaHHS NI SHONVHO LHDIAM ONIMOHS FZAMNO—'’PTL “SI “ATLep poy stom ‘urerq dooys T *sAup 09 ‘s}op Aq poyBorput sported yv poysroa ‘suresq daoys 6 JO osRIOAV *(UOTINLOS JO asAuvyo) *(UOTINLOS JO asAuByo) yjuoui T yao T ‘quao sad OTT ‘quad sad Oat No. 1451. BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLICKA. 283 week nor were they proportionate to the weight of the specimens. The brain in the 6 ¢. ¢. to the gram solution lost 1.05 per cent in weight, that weighed daily 3.38 per cent. Changes in the brain weighed every day: Considerable rise the first twenty-four hours, continuation of rise until the sixth day, then slow decline; a moderate rise of two days’ duration after the first and of one day after the second change of solution. FIFTEEN PER CENT FORMALIN. End of first week: Weight of specimens in 3 c. c. to the gram solution had risen in average nearly 13 per cent, or one-eighth of the original. Variation: From 107.61 (original weight, 98.5 grams) to 116.48 per cent (original weight, 91 grams)=8.87 per cent. The two heaviest brains (119 and 111.8 grams) gained, respectively, 12.1 and 13.5 per cent, the two lightest ones (94 and 91 grams) 11.7 and 16.4 per cent. The brain in the 6 ¢. c. to the gram liquid (original weight, 97 grams) gained but 9.08 per cent, less than any of the above with one excep- tion, that weighed daily (original weight, 105.5 grams) gained but 8.53 per cent. End of first month: Weight of all the nine specimens in 3c. ¢. to the gram solution has diminished (—0.88 to 2.31 per cent). Variation: From 105.58 to 115.38 per cent=9.8 per cent. The changes are fairly harmonious with those of the first week, but are not propor- tionate to the weight of the specimens. The brain in the 6 ¢. c. to the gram solution lost 5.95 per cent, much more than any of the above, that weighed daily 3.49 per cent, also more than any of those in similar quantity of solution but weighed less frequently. Changes in the brain weighed daily: A moderate rise in weight during the first twenty-four hours, maximum of rise on fourth day, then slow, continuing loss; one day’s rise after each change of solution. SATURATED SOLUTION OF SODIUM CHLORIDE, WITH 5 PER CENT FORMALIN. End of first week: Weight of brains in the 3 c. c. to the gram solu- tion had diminished in average by 7 per cent, or one-fourteenth of the original. Variation: From 90.33 (original weight, 95.2 grams) to 95.19 per cent (original weight, 104 grams)=4.86 per cent. The two heaviest brains (107.7 and 105 grams) lost, respectively, 6.6 and 5.72 per cent; the two lightest (89.7 and 84.5 grams) 5.8 and 5.9 per cent. The specimen in the 6 c. c. to the gram solution (original weight, 95.5 grams) lost 6.8 per cent, that weighed every day 7.9 per cent. End of first month: Weight of all nine brains in the 3 c. ¢. to the gram solution decreased (—3.15 to 5.23 per cent). Variation: From 85.61 to 91.82 per cént=6.2 per cent. The decrease was quite alike in most of the nine specimens and harmonized somewhat with that of VOL. XXX. AL MUSEUM. ~ a 4 TION oa 4 ‘iS OF THE N = 4 VEDING PROC 284 ‘NOILATOS NITVYNUOT INGO Ud CT NI SNIVUA TITHS NI STONVHO LHOITM ONIMOHS JANAD—'CT ‘OIA ‘A[IBp poystom ‘ulerq dsosys T — — — — — — — ‘s}Op Aq po} VoOTpUL Spoled 4B poy SIO ‘sureiq doays 6 JO adBIVAyW ———— th — — on BYE ian? asthe : f Taher staat Ne Ty ' 4 / © ae ey i y } . mae U ae ye ng / Teiesex Onn as | : ; : SL? ‘ yi | i a ; | / a By 2 | / ' ) ‘ | ard 3 IN 306 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX a ie i | CHANGES IN INDIVIDUAL SHEEP BRAINS. Preservative: 3 per cent formalin (3 c. c. per gram). [Condition of brain: Medium.] Percent Additional weighings. Weight of } of change brain Weight of) Per cent) Weight of} Per cent) between . | Dateof |immedi-. brain | of brain of the end of : Per cent 5 | autopsy.| ately | after1 original) after1 |original| first and Date Weight _of S ” lafterex-| week. | weight.} month. | weight. en * of brain.) original = traction. of fourth |. weight. 7, | week. . | Grams. | Grams. Grams. 1905. | Grams. 6. | 110.5 131.0 118. 55 129.5 117.19 —1.15 ee? 6 127.0 114. 93 ae 98.0 | 119.2 | 121.63 119.3 | 121.94 +: \08\)22=- COs aii lon0: 118. 36 5 102.0 126.0 123.53 126.5 124. 02 + 439%). =. done 123.0 120.59 = 100, 2 | 119.5 119. 26 119.0 118. 76 = 242 ocedon ae 115.5 115. 26 af 117.5 141.0} 120.00 141.5} 120.42 + .35|...-do...| 188.5 117.87 Pe 94.0 113.0 120. 21 113.5 120. 74 + .44|....do... 110.5 117. 55 Bs 93.2 113.8 122.13 114.0 122. 32 + lidllenee Gers 110.0 118. 02 ce 102.5 127.0 123. 92 126.0 122. 92 — £78) |2. 2200 2c6 123.5 120. 48 es 100.5 119.5 | 118.90 117.5 | 118.00 *=1,67 |..2.d0)-..|| 114.5 118. 93 2 7 95.5 | 118.0'| 123.56 | 11850),\ 128256 easeeeeeee See GO eel tlaba0 120. 42 | | aAt6c. c. per gram. [Brain weighed daily. Received June 7, 1905. Original weight, 102 grams.] Change in Change in Per cent percentage Per cent | percentage At the end of | Absolute of | of original At the end of | Absolute of of original day. weight. | original weight day. weight. | original weight } weight. from day weight. | from day to day. to day. Grams. Grams. PUTStia-sccse scene 114.5 112, 25 | +12.25 || Twenty-ninth ... 118.0 115. 68 + 0.00 Second =. 2202. 3-- 118.5 116.17 + 3.92 || Thirtieth«....... 117.5 115.19 — .49 dilsbbis (eee ee 120.0 117. 64 | + 1.47 || Thirty-first ...... 120.0 117. 64 + 2.45 Rourih 2622824 120.5 118.13 + .49 | Thirty-second ... 120.5 118. 13 +. MUR ace acces ne 120.5 118.18 + .00 || Thirty-third..... 120.0 117. 64 = Sith es os ee ck 120.0 117. 64 — .49 || Thirty-fourth.... 119.5 117.15 _ Seventha ....... 120.0 | 117.64 + .00 || Thirty-fifth...... 119.5} 117.15 + Eighth.......-.. 123.2 120.59 + 2.95 || Thirty-sixth..... 119.5 117.15 + INIDGN< csoeetantete 124.0 121.56 + .97 | Thirty-seventh .. 119.0 116. 67 = Maniths os. sue! 124.0] 121.56 + .00 Thirty-eighth ...| 118.5] 116.17 = TWeltth soo sce ws 123.0 120. 58 — .98 || Thirty-ninth .... 119.0 116. 67 s+ Thirteenth. ..... 122.5 120. 09 — .49 || Fortieth......... 118.0 115. 68 _ Fourteenth ..... 122.0 119. 61 — .48 || Forty-first ....... 118.0 115. 68 + Fifteenth ....... 121.5 119. 11 — .50 || Forty-second .... 117.5 115.19 a Sixteenth....... 121.5 119. 11 + .00 |) Forty-third...... 117.5 115.19 + Seventeenth .... 121.0} 118.62 | — .49 || Forty-fourth..... 117.0 114. 70 — Eighteenth ..... 120.5 118.13 | — .49 || Forty-fifth....... 116.5 114. 21 — Nineteenth ..... 120.5 118.13 + .00 || Forty-sixth...... 116.5 114. 21 ee Twentieth ...... 120.0 117. 64 — .49 || Forty-seventh ... 116.5 114. 21 + Twenty-first .... 119.5 117.15 } — .49 || Forty-eighth ...-. 116.0 113. 72 = Twenty-second . 118.5 116.17 — .98 || Forty-ninth ..... 116.5 114. 21 ar Twenty-third ... 119.0 116. 67 + .50 || Bifticoth ......... 116.0 113. 72 = Twenty-fourth. : 119.0 116. 67 + .00 || Fifty-first........ 116.0 113272 + l'wenty-fifth .... 118.5 116.17 — .50 || Fifty-eighth ..... 115.5 113. 23 = Twenty-sixth ... 118.0 115. 68 — .49 || Sixty-fifth ....... 113.5 111. 22 _ Twenty-seventh 118.0 115. 68 + .00 | Seventy-second.. 112.5 110, 29 = Twenty-eighth .. 118.0 115. 68 + .00 || il aChange of solution, 130 per cent. 120 per cent. : 110 per cent 90 per cent. 60 days. 1 month, : 110 per cent 90 per cent, 70 per cent. Fig. 27.—AVERAGE WEIGHT CHANGES IN FIFTEEN DIFF£RENT PRESERVATIVES CONTAINING FORMALIN, THE TWO HEAVIER LINES SHOW THE CHANGES IN SOLUTIONS CONTAINING ALCOHOL AND FORMALIN, Proc, N. M. vol. xxx—06. (To face page 306.) No. 27. 4 Pa. pe ae a a Pemr" pw. ee } se No. 1451. BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLICKA. 307 Preservative: 5 per cent formalin (3 ¢e. c. per gram). [Condition of brain: Medium. ] Per cent Additional weighings. Weight of of change = brain |Weightof) Per cent/Weight of| Per cent; between | Date of |immedi-| brain of brain of the end of Percent ® | autopsy.| ately after1 |original, after1 |original) first and Date Weight of q after ex-| week. | weight.| month. | weight. end * lof brain. original 5 traction. of fourth weight. 4 | week. | 1905. Grams. | Grams. Grams. 1905. Grams. | 12..| June 6 117.0 138.5 | 118.37 140.0 119. 66 +1.08 | Aug. 6 135.5 | 115.8] 13..| June 7 114.0 | 133.5 117.10 | 130.8 |} 114.73 =2,02) Ang. 7 126.0 110.53 Aree eaves doce 101.6 118.5 116. 68 115.7 118. 87 230) ase Oe 112.5 110.72 IGES|E2. 3 doe 98.5 116.0 | 117.76 113.7 | 115.48 1398 |---4d0%--| Adit 0 112. nese eases ores 99.5 117.0 | 117.58 114.2 114.77 OO) lhe eraic doe: 111.5) 112. 6 IES Gees do ...| 99. 0 118.8 120. 00 116.6 117.78 —1.85 |....do... 113.5 114.65 Oe ak Goes 95.5 114.0 119. 37 11250 117. 28 EO nen 2a Orel 109. 0 | 114.138 OOS ed oraee 99.0 116.8 117.98 114.0 115.15 —2.39 |...-do... 111.0 1 Pea Be eee a0 119.7 139.0 | 116.12 137.8 115. 12 ==) 80) nae) Ole 134.5 112. 37 eee ae 100.5 119.5 118. 90 | 117.0 116. 42 SOE! a A6loy a5 8)) NEL) | 111. 44 aAt6c. ¢c. per gram. [Brain weighed daily. Reccived June 6, 1905. Original weight, 106.5 grams. ] [ | | | Change in Change in | | Per cent) percentage | Per cent | percentage At the end of | Absolute | of of original Atthe end of | Absolute) of of original day. | weight. | original weight day. weight. | original weight weight. | from day weight. | from day | today. || to day. Grams. | Grams. | 1b yo\ ieee eee seco 119.0} 111.73 +11. 73 || T'wenty-ninth ... 122.9 115. 40 +0. 38 SeGONG saicecece5: 123.0 115. 49 +. 3.76 || Thirtietho-.-...- 122.5 115. 02 — .38 POITG ss sa4c% =) | 125. 2 117.55 + 2.06 || Thirty-first ...... 123.5 115. 96 + .94 BouUtthee. ease = - | 126.5 | 118.77 + 1.22 || Thirty-second ... 123.0 115. 49 — .47 Titel Cognoeeeeee | 1850) || This .Bi — .46 || Thirty-third..... 122.0 | 114.55 — .94 Sixthe ses: soc | 125.0 117.37 — .94 || Thirty-fourth.... 121.5 | 114.08 — .47 Seventha ....... 125.5 | 117.84 (47 || Dhirty-fifth.-...- 121.5 114. 08 + .00 Pighithis.s-2ssses | 126.5} 118.77 + 93 || Thirty-sixth ..... 121.5 114. 08 + .00 NIM GHY 2552 osecie 126.5 118.77 + .00 || Thirty-seventh .. 121.5 114.08 + .00 MENG. s soe se 125.5 117. 84 — .93 || Thirty-eighth ... 121.5 i14. 08 + .00 Eleventh ...-.-. 126.0! 118.31 + .47 1) Thirty-ninth .... 121.0 113. 61 — .47 Thirteenth...... 125.0 117. 37 — .94 || Fortieth......... 121.5 114. 08 + .47 Fourteenth ..-.--. 125.5 117. 84 + .47 || Forty-first ....... 121.0 113.61 — .47 Fifteenth ....... 125.0 117.37 — .47 || Forty-second .... 120.5 113.14 — 47 Sixteenth ....... 124.8 117.18 — .19 |) Forty-third.-...- 120.0 112. 67 — .47 Seventeenth ...-. 124.5 116. 90 — ,28 || Forty-fourth..... 120.0 | 112.67 + .00 Eighteenth ..... 124.5 116. 90 + .00 || Forty-fifth....... L20KOM) PA Qe67, + .00 Nineteenth ..... 125. 2 117. 56 + .66 || Forty-sixth...... L200 L2G 7, + .00 Twentieth ...... 125.0 117.37 — .19 || Forty-seventh -.. 120.0 | 112.67 + .00 Twenty-first .... 123.5 | 115.96 — 1.41 || Forty-eighth .... 120.5 113.14 + .47 Twenty-second . 123.5 115. 96 + .00 || Forty-ninth ..... T2OSON T2367 — .47 Twenty-third ... 123.8 116, 24 ev sey WP Abin ee eecemmces 120.0} 112.67 + .00 Twenty-fourth. . 123.0 115. 49 — 75 || Bifty-first.......- 119.5 112. 21 — .46 Twenty-fifth .... 123.0 115. 49 + .00 || Fifty-eighth ..... bite |) = nhbeyAl + .00 Twenty-sixth ... 123.0 115.49 Ey 00)||(Sixty=tittls 2-2 =e 119.0 Wt. 73 — .48 Twenty-seventh 122.5 115, 02 — .47 | Seventy-second. . 117.0 109. 86 | —1,87 Twenty-cighth . 122.5 115. 02 + .00 | | aChange of solution. 308 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, Preservative: 10 per cent formalin (3 c. ¢. per gram). [Condition of brain: Medium. ] | | | Per cent Additional weighings. Weight of ee | of change brain |Weight of Per cent Weight of Per cent) between . | Date of | immedi-| brain of | brain | of _ theend of ‘ Per cent 5 autopsy. ately after1 | original, after 1 original | first and Date Weight of 2 ** afterex-| week. | weight.| month. | weight. | end “lof brain.| original | traction. of fourth weight. Z | | week. 1905. | Grams. | Grams. Grams. | 1905. Grams. 24..| June 7 110.5 | 127.5 | 115.38 125.5 | 113.57 | =1756))) Auge 7 123.0 111.31 Ose eee OF ec 97.0 109.5 | 112.88 107.0 | 110.31 = OS 28S. sO) ee 105. 0 108. 25 phe RES aq :--| 97.5 | 110.0 | 112.84 110.5 | 113.38 BEA He pete ec 108. 0 110.77 27 do...} 97.0 | 112.2 | 115.67 108.5 | 111.85 ==9729)|5.2.G0--- 106.5 109.79 28..| June 8 96.5 111.5 115. 54 109.5 | 113.47 —1.79 | Aug. 8 106.0 109. 84 29 ..|--a2 dot. 112.0 128.5 | 114.73 | 126.5 | 112.95 | = 5b) |e-s2GOen- 123.0 109. 82 0A IS- he dOs=- 102.0 117.5 | 115.19 114.5 | 112.25 = 9p) (ca. eGOees 111.5 109. 31 1S Paes do ...| 110.5 128.5 | 116.29 127.0 | 114.93 1:57 |. 22d0.=. 124.0 112. 21 Q2-2|5---0Gnee 80.0 93.5 | 116. 87 92.5 | 115.63 SOT tase dOrn. 89.0 111. 25 9 \a| Fee eee 125.0 142.5 | 114.00 141.0 | 112.80 TE by esackitsn. 135.5 108. 40 aAt6c. ¢c. per gram. [Brain weighed daily. Received June 8, 1905. Original weight, 102 grams. ] | | Change in | Change in | Per cent | percentage | Per cent | percentage At the end of | Absolute of of original At the end of | Absolute of of original day. weight. | original weight || day. weight. | original weight weight. | from day weight. | from day to day. to day. Grams. Grams. L0G: Ags ape: aac 113.5 111. 27 +11.27 || Twenty-ninth ... 114.7 112. 47 —0.08 Second :.-:.-... 116.0 113.72 + 2.45 || Thirtietha.....-- 114.5 112. 25 — .22 SMEs Rae ee 118.0 115. 68 + 1.96 || Thirty-first .....-. 116.0 113. 72 +1.47 MOUDtD >. ssce-- oe 118. 0 115. 68 + .00 || Thirty-second .-.. 116.0 113. 72 + .00 LiF 2 Re gee tere 118.5 116.17 + .49 || Thirty-third..... 116.0 113. 72 + .00 PimON ha acco. 119.0 116. 67 + .00 | Thirty-fourth.... 115.5 113. 23 — .49 Seventha....... 118.5 116.17 — .49 || Thirty-fifth...... 116.0 113. 72 + .49 Biehths sess oa 119.8 117. 45 + 1.28 || Thirty-sixth..... 115.5 113. 23 49 Ninth -2*Scsces 120.5 118.138 | .68 || Thirty-seventh .. 115.5 1138. 23 + .00 Menthe i.e enee 120.0 117. 64 — .49 || Thirty-eighth ... 115.0 112. 74 — .49 Twelfth-<..---.- 119.2 | 116.86 | — .78 || Thirty-ninth .... 115.0 112. 74 + .00 Thirteenth...-... 119.0 116. 67 = 19) Hortetheseeeess 114.5 112. 25 — .49 Fourteenth ..... 118.5} 116.17 — .50 || Forty-first --.--.- 114.0 111. 76 — .49 Fifteenth ......- 117.5 115.19 — .98 || Forty-second .... 114.0 111. 76 + .00 Sixteenth....... 117.5 115.19 + .00 || Forty-third...... 113.5 111. 27 — .49 Seventeenth .... 117.5 115.19 + .00 || Forty-fourth -..- 113.5 111. 27 + .00 Eighteenth -.... 117.5 115.19 + .00 || Forty-fifth.....- 113.0 110.78 — .49 Nineteenth ..... 117.0 114.71 — ,48-|| Forty-sixth...... 113.5 111. 27 + .49 Twentieth ...... 116.5 114, 21 — .50 || Forty-seventh-.- 113.0 110.78 — .49 Twenty-first -... 116.5 114. 21 + .00 || Forty-eighth .... 113.0 110. 78 + .00 Twenty-second - 116.0 113. 72 — .49 || Forty-ninth ..... 113.0 110. 78 + .00 Twenty-third ... 115.5 113. 23 — ~49.\| Wiftieth?=<-2s.-.- 112.5 110. 29 — .49 Twenty-fourth. .| 115.0 112. 74 = 49) || Bifty-frstose-ee 113.0 110. 78 + .49 Twenty-fifth ....| 115.7 113. 43 + .69|)| Sixtiethh aes -= 112.5 110. 29 — .49 Twenty-sixth ... 115.0 112. 74 — .69 || Sixty-seventh ... 111.0 108. 82 —1.47 Twenty-seventh| 115.0 112.74 + .00 | Seventy-fourth -. 109.5 | 107.35 —1.47 Twenty-eighth. . 114.8 112.55 = 219 aChange of solution. No, 1451. BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLICKA. 809 Preservative: 15 per cent formalin (3 c. c. per gram). [Condition of brain: Medium. ] Percent Additional weighings. Weight of of change brain |Weightof Per cent Weight of Per cent) between , | Date of |immedi-| brain of brain of the end of Per cent ® |autopsy.| ately after 1 |original) after1 | original) first and Mate Weight of = after ex-| week. | weight.| month. | weight. end * lof brain.| original 5 traction. of fourth weight. a week. 1905. Grams. | Grams. Grams. 1905. Grams. 34..| June 8 107.0 121.0} 1138.08 118.2 110. 47 —2.31} Aug. 8 114.0 106, 54 Bosses ssO's ce 111.0 126.0 118. 51 123.5 111. 26 —1'.98) |.....-d0-2/2 120.0 108, 11 Boose aseGOres 91.0 106. 0 116.48 105. 0 115. 38 — .941/....do-.. 101.0 110. 99 SiealesscdOl ee 94.0 105. 0 111.70 103.5 110. 11 —1.43 |....do... 100.0 106. 38 Does Ped O ae 106. 0 122.0 115. 09 120.4 | 113.58 Holy eee Oma 117.0 110. 38 BOP Oe ee 111.8 129, 2 115. 56 127.0 | 113.59 AO) |ha-COrae 122.5 109. 57 Arata eGOnar 119.0 133.4 112.10 130.5 109. 66 2S lee ee Olan 126.5 106. 30 42..| June 9 103.0 1138.5 110.19 112.5 109. 22 — .88} Aug. 9 103.5 100. 48 AB lest c Owes 98.5 106.0 107. 61 104.0 105. 58 =—alstsie} loon Ol loas 99.5 101. 01 44a|....do 97.0 105.8 109. 08 99. 5 102. 58 —é. 95 .-do. 94.0 96. 91 aAt6c. ce. per gram. [Brain weighed daily. Received June 9, 1905. Original weight, 105.5 grams. ] Change in Change in Per cent | percentage Per cent | percentage At the end of | Absolute of of original Attheendof | Absolute) of of original day. weight. | original weight day. weight. | original weight weight. | from day | weight. | from day to day. to day. Grams. } | Grams. UTS bcc a,cssciaterci= as 112.0 106. 16 +6.16 |} Twenty-ninth ... 111.0 105. 21 +0. 00 BECO scceer ce. 114.0 108.05 +1.89 || Thirtietha....... 110.5 104. 74 — AT ‘TDA (6 | ae eee 115.0 109. 00 + .95 || Thirty-first ...... 111.5 105. 68 + .94 INDWRNE IY Aaa sence 116.0 109. 95 + .95 || Thirty-second ... 111.0 105. 21 — 47 Murphy 4: Sees = 114.5 108. 53 —1.42 || Thirty-third..... 111.5 105. 68 + .47 Std da Gaeesemaaae 115. 2 109. 19 + .66 || Thirty-fourth.... Waa 105. 40 — .28 Seventh « .._.... 114.5 108. 53 — .66 |! Thirty-fifth...... 110.5 104. 74 — .66 Wie hiihle a. Se secs 115.5 109. 48 + .95 || Thirty-sixth..... 110.5 104. 74 + .00 Ment: <2 20-22 114.5 108. 53 — .95 || Thirty-seventh .. 110.5 104. 74 + .00 Eleventh ....... 115.0 109. 00 + .47 || Thirty-eighth ... 110.0 104, 26 — .48 mvelitinn 5. .he=< 114.5 108. 53 — .47 || Thirty-ninth .... 109.5 103. 79 — .47 Thirteenth..._.. 114.0 108. 05 — .48 || Fortieth......... 109.5 103.79 + .00 Fourteenth ..... 114.0 108. 05 + .00 || Forty-first ....... 109.0 103. 31 — .48 Fifteenth ....... 113.5 107.58 — .47 || Forty-second .... 108. 0 102. 37 — .94 Sixteenth ....... ily 7/ 107.77 + .19 |) Forty-third ...... 107.5 101.90 — .47 Seventeenth .... 113.5 107.58 — .19 |; Forty-fourth .... 107.5 101. 90 + .00 Eighteenth ..... 113.0 107. 11 — .47 || Forty-fifth....... 107.5 101. 90 + .00 Nineteenth ..... 112.0 106. 16 — .95 || Forty-sixth...... 106.5 100. 95 — .95 Twentieth ...... 113.0! 107.11 + .95 |! Forty-seventh ... 107.0 101. 42 + .47 Twenty-first .... 112.5 106. 63 — .48 | Forty-eighth .... 106.5 100. 95 — .47 Twenty-second . 111.5 105. 68 — .95| Forty-ninth ..... 106.5 100. 95 + .00 Twenty-third ... 112.0 106. 16 so 45) |) MLetO 2 = ste a 106.0 100. 47 — .48 Twenty-fourth... L112 105. 40 = 76) Hiftty-first..--.2.- 106.0 100. 47 + .00 Twenty-fifth .... 111.5 105, 68 + .28) Fifty-ninth...... 105.0 99. 52 == pitl Twenty-sixth -.. 111.5 105. 68 + .00 | Sixty-sixth ...... 104. 6 98. 58 — .94 Twenty-seventh 111.0 105, 21 — .47| Seventy-third ... 103. 5 98.10 — .48 Twenty-eighth. . 111.0 105, 21 + .00 aChange of solution, 310 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. Preservative: Saturated solution of salt, with 5 per cent formalin (3 c. c. per gram). [Condition of brain: Medium. ] Per cent Additional weighings. Weight of FOE COLYER 0 2) | brain |Weight of) Per cent Weight of Percent) between - | Date of |immedi-| brain of | brain of — theend of Per cent 5 |autopsy.| ately after 1 |original after] | original) first and Dare Weight of il afterex-| week. | weight.| month. | weight.) end * lof brain. original = traction. of fourth weight. Z week. 1905. Grams. | Grams. Grams. | 1905. Grams. 56..| June 9 | 95.2 86.0 90. 33 81.5 85. 61 —5.23 | Aug. 9 80.5 84.56 Sy heel Ree do ...| 105.0 99.0 94.28 95.5 90. 95 —3.54 |....do... 92.5 88. 09 [ape ees does 107.7 100.5 93. 31 96.5 89. 78 —3.98 |....do.-. 95.0 88. 21 3 eS aoe aoe 103.0 94.2 91.45 90.5 87. 86 —3. 93 |....do... 89.5 86. 89 (iE eee done: 102.0 93.5 91. 66 89.5 87.74 = 4.08) |2-.00' 2 88.5 | 86.76 61..| June 10 102.5 93.5 91, 22 90. 0 87.80 —3.74 | Aug. 10 84.5 82. 44 pane ae do... 104.0 99.0 95.19 95.5 91. 82 —3.54 |....do... 92.5 88. 94 64. 2lb sce Colones 89.7 84.5 94. 20 81.5 90. 86 —3.55 |....do... 78.5 87.51 cae eco Coe 84.5 79.5 94.08 77.0 91.12 = 3516) |5..-00.--¢ 74.0 87.57 66a). = dos 2 95.5 89.0 93.19 86.0 90.05 | 31 Ol) | 2--GOmas} 78.0 81. 67 aAt 6c. c. per gram. [Brain weighed daily. Received June 10, 1905. Original weight, 101 grams.] ; » ar : | 5 “a Per ee 5 ; Per cent 2 Hanae : Absolute of 2 a 8 Absolute of g Date weighed. weight. | original g Date weighed. weight, | original 3 weight. || 5 weight. Grams. Grams. 68-2) June 111905... oie cccee 95.5 94.55 |) 68.) June 15, 1905.......--.-.... 93. 2 92. 27 June 12, 1905 ..... as 95.0 94. 05 JUNE 16 WO0Rs soo eee acne 93.5 92.57 | June 13, 1905 ..... ee 94.5 93. 56 | June} 1905s s=- 28 eecee 93.0 92. 08 June 4 190Gb eee cece 93.5 92.57 no. 1451. BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLICKA. 311 Preservative: 1,030 sp. gr. salt solution, with 5 per cent formalin. {Condition of brain: Medium. ]} Per cent Additional weighings. Weight of of change brain |Weight of/Per cent Weight of Percent) between | Dateof immedi-| brain of | brain of the end of Per cent 2 | autopsy.| ately after1 |original) after1 |original| first and Dat Weight of q | after ex-| week. | weight., month. | weight. end we. lof brain.| original 5 traction. of fourth weight. 7 week. | | 1905, Grams. | Grams. Grams. 1905. Grams. 100.) June 138 112.0 115.0 | 102.68 113.5 101. 34 —1.30 | Aug 13 111.0 99. 11 LOM edo? 101.0 97.5 96.53 | 96. 0 95. 05 —1.54 |....do... 93.5 92.57 1022 |. =-.d0)e- 107.0 111.5 104. 20 109.5 | 102.33 —1.79 |....do. 107.5 100. 47 103.|....do. 97.0 93.0 95, 87 91.5 94. 33 —1.61 .-do 89.0 91.75 1042 ee doe 94.0 90.5 96. 27 89.0 94. 68 —1.66 |:...do. 88.0 93. 62 LOSE -e Gov. 106. 0 99.5 93. 86 98.0 92.45 — Die Ol 96.5 91. 04 106.|....do. 105.5 101.5 96. 21 99.5 94. 31 —1.97 |....do 96. 0 91. 00 1053 eee adorn. 95.0 93.5 98. 42 91.0 95. 79 —2. 67 Feta ley 88.5 93.16 1094 Beeedo ee 97.0 94.0 96. 91 90.5 93. 29 -3. 72 =a(6ks) = 87.0 89. 69 110a|....do. 105.0 99.0 94. 28 97.0 92. 38 —2.02 |....do. 93.5 89. 05 | aAt6c. c. per gram. [Brain weighed daily. Received June 18, 1905. Original weight, 103 grams.] Change in Change in e Per cent | percentage Per cent | percentage At the end of | Absolute of of original At the end of | Absolute | of of original day. weight. | original weight day. weight. | original weight weight. | from day weight. | from day to day to day. Grams. 99. 51 —0.49 || Twenty-eighth -. 96.5 93. 69 —0.97 98. 54 — .97 || Twenty-ninth -.. 96.5 93. 69 + .00 98. 54 + .00 || Thirtietha....... 96.5 93. 69 + .00 97.08 =1-46) || Lhirty-first= 22 22- 96.3 93. 49 — .20 97. 08 + .00 || Thirty-second ... 96. 0 93. 20 — .29 97. 08 + ,00 || Thirty-third..... 96.5 98. 69 + .49 97, 28 + .20 || Thirty-fourth.... 95.0 | 92.23 — .46 97.08 — .20 || Thirty-fifth...... 95.5 92.72 + .49 97.57 + .49 || Thirty-sixth..... 95.0 92, 23 — .49 Eleventh........ 99°5 96. 60 — .97 || Thirty-seventh -. 95. 5 | 92.72 + .49 Mwelftht. 2522. 99.5 96. 60 + .00 || Thirty-eighth ... 95.5 92. 72 + .00 Thirteenth...... 99. 0 96.11 — .49 || Thirty-ninth .... 95. 0 92. 23 — .49 Fourteenth ..... 99. 5 96. 60 + .49 || Fortieth .......-. 95.5 92. 72 + .49 Fifteenth ....... 98.5 95. 63 — .97 || Forty-first ....... 95.0 92°23 — .49 Sixteenth ....... 98.0 95. 14 — .49 || Forty-second .... 95.5 92.72 + .49 Seventeenth .... 97.5 94. 66 — .48 || Forty-third...... 95. 5 92. 72 + .00 Eighteenth ..... 97.5 94. 66 + .00 || Forty-fourth..... 95. 0 92, 23 — .49 Nineteenth ..... 97.5 94. 66 + .00 || Forty-fifth....... 95. 0 92, 23 + .00 Twentieth ...... 97.5 94. 66 + .00 || Forty-sixth...... 95.0 92. 23 + .00 Twenty-first..... 98.0 95, 14 + .48 || Forty-seventh ... 94.5 91.75 — .48 Twenty-second . 98.0 95.14 + .00 || Forty-eighth .... 94.5 91.75 + .00 Twenty-third ... 97.5 94. 66 — .48 || Forty-ninth ..... 94.5 91.75 + .00 Twenty-fourth. . 97.5 94. 66 —00)||) Rittiethy... 2. 4...- 95.0 92. 23 + .48 Twenty-fifth .... 98.0 95.14 + .48 || Fifty-first........ 94.5 91.75 — .48 Twenty-sixth ... 97.5 94. 66 — .48 || Sixty-first .....-- 94.0 91. 24 — .51 Twenty-seventh 97.5 94. 66 + .00 |} Sixty-eighth..... 92.5 89. 81 —1. 43 a Change of solution. 312 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. Preservative: 1,015 sp. gr. salt solution with 5 per cent formalin (3 c. c. per gram). [Condition of brain: Medium.] | | Percent} Additional weighings. Weight of f of change brain Weightof Per cent Weightof|Per cent) between - | Date of |immedi- brain of brain of the end of Per cent 5 | autopsy. | ately after 1 |original, after 1 | original) first and Tate Weight of a /afterex-| week. | weight.) month. | weight. end of brain.| original | traction. | of fourth weight. %, week. 1905. Grams. | Grams. Grams. 1905. Grams. 131.| June 16 102.0 104.5 102. 45 103.0 100. 98 —1.43 | Aug. 16 98.5 96. 57 1b eg ae to eee 116.0 LAD) 10129 115.5 99. 57 1570" | ee dorsalt, LOND: 95. 26 Be Pee gOl a 123.0 125.5 | 102.038 122.5 99. 60 = 2.39005. dO see 117.0 95, 12 | | [Brain weighed daily. Received June 16, 1905. a At6¢. ¢, per gram. Original weight, 114 grams. ] ‘ Change in |, | Per cent | percentage Per cent At the end of | Absolute of of original | Attheendof | Absolute of day. weight. | original weight day. weight. | original weight. | from day weight. to day. | Grams. Grams. IPR iins se s1-2 55. 5 113.5 99. 56 —0.44 || Twenty-eighth -. 112.5 98. 68 PNICG 2s voces coe 115.5 101.31 +1.75 || Twenty-ninth ... 112.0 98. 25 Ropriliees 2-2 ee. 116.0 101. 75 + .44 || Thirtietha ...... 112.0 98. 25 Mitth 235.2224. c0% on 116.0 101 75 + .00 |} Thirty-first ...... 112.0 98.25 Sixth ce ode an 115.5 101. 31 — .44 || Thirty-second ... 111.5 97.81 Seventha ......-. 115.5 101. 31 + .00 || Thirty-third..... 111.5 97. 81 Righth-.2 8s 116.0 | 101.75 + .44 |) Thirty-fourth....| 111.0 97.37 Ninth.< | to day. Grams. Grams. HOUTIS bie ieis eee sees 87.0 86.14 —138.86 || Twenty-ninth ... 71.5 70.79 +0. 00 RBECONG sen ensccse 83.5 82. 67 — 3.47 || Thirtietha....... 71.0 70. 29 — .50 hid ss. S255. 81.0 80.19 — 2.48 || Thirty-first ...... 71.5 70.79 + .50 HoOuUrth:. 2.2 2e sss 79.3 78. 51 — 1.68 |} Thirty-second ... 71.0 70. 29 — .50 RE Mes =. cease cee 78.0 ieee — 1,29 || Thirty-third..... 71.5 70.79 + .50 sibs] ee eee es 76.5 75.74 — 1.48 || Thirty-fourth ... 71.5 70.79 + .00 Seventha ....... 75.0 74.25 — 1.49 |} Thirty-fifth...... ales 70.79 + .00 Biphitih 2-22 oss 75.5 74.75 + .50 || Thirty-sixth..... 71.0 70. 29 — .50 Wenthle 52. a5. 73.5 72.77 — 1.98 || Thirty-seventh -. 71.5 70. 79 | + .50 Eleventh ....... 73.5 (PACE .00 | Thirty-eighth ... 71.5 70.79 + .00 Mwelfth.....0... 73.0 Wae2d, — .50!) Thirty-ninth .... 71.3 70. 59 — .20 Mhirteenth.-.... 72.8 72.08 ==) 19) Rortiethis- cs... .c 71.0 70. 29 — .30 Fourteenth ..... 73.0 72.27 + .19 || Forty-first ....... 71.0 70. 29 + .00 Fifteenth ....... 72.0 71.78 — .49 || Forty-second .... 71.5 70.79 + .50 Sixteenth ...-.-. 73.0 72.27 + .49 || Forty-third 71.0 70. 29 — .00 Seventeenth .... PEG) 71.78 — .49 || Forty-fourth .... 71.0 70. 29 + .00 Eighteenth ..... 73.0 TOT + .49 || Forty-fifth....... 71.0 70, 29 + .00 Nineteenth ..... 72.0 71. 28 — .99 || Forty-sixth...... 71.0 70. 29 + .00 Twentieth ...... 71.5 70.79 — .49 || Forty-seventh ... 71.5 70.79 + .50 Twenty-first .... 71.5 70.79 + .00 || Forty-eighth .... 71.0 70. 29 — .50 Twenty-second . 71.8 70. 79 + .00 || Forty-ninth ..... 71.0 70.29 + .00 Twenty-third ... led 70. 99 =) 20) Burtiethy 22.2.2. 71.0 70.29 + .00 Twenty-fourth... 71.5 70.79 — .20 || Fifty-first........ 70.5 69. 80 — .49 Twenty-fifth.... 71.8 71.09 + .30 || Sixty-first ....... 70.0 69.31 — .49 Twenth-sixth... 71.5 70.79 — .30 || Sixty-eighth..... 69.5 68. 81 — .50 Twenty-seventh 72.0 71. 28 + .49 || Seventy-fifth .... 69.5 68. 81 + .00 Twenty-eighth . 71.5 70.79 — .49 a Change of solution. 314 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. Preservative: One-third saturated solution of alum, with 5 per cent formalin (3 c. c. per gram). [Condition of brain: Medium.]j Per cent Additional weighings. Weight of) of change brain Weightof Per cent Weightof Per cent) between - | Date of |immedi-| brain of brain of the end of Per cent 5 autopsy.| ately | after] |original| after1 | original) first and Date Weight of = afterex-| week. | weight.) month. | weight. end * lof brain. original | traction. of fourth weight. %, week, 1905. Grams. | Grams. Grams. 1905. Grams. 89..| June 12 106. 0 | 106.5 | 100.47 96.5} 91.04 — 9.39 | Aug. 12 90.5 85. 38 9025\2..20d0;.-- 97.0 | 97.5 | 100.51 86.5 89.17 —11. 27 -2d0=.. 79.0 81. 44 91..| June 13 116.5 | 114.0} 97.85 107.0 91. 84 — 6.14} Aug. 13 | 20180 86. 69 LP e| ato Fo yeaa 105.5} 104.0) 98.57 99.3] 94.12) — 4.62)....do...) 95.0 90. 05 [oy eee Co ee 116.0 | 113.0 97. 41 106.5 91.81 — 5.75 mea koyee 100. 0 86. 21 95 Soke 120.0 120.5 100. 42 115.5 96, 25 Sg U5) oo -do 109. 0 90. 83 fay ee Vo eerses 113.C 112.5) 99.55 107.0 94, 69 — 4.89 |....do... 103.5 91.59 722 )-_ -dOlse- 110.0 | 111.0 | 100.90 | 105.8 96.18 — 4.68 2-005 99.5 90. 45 OR re ane200 222 103:0'] 101-5 | 98/54) 96.5 | 98.69 | — 4.92)\"2-"do sc. 92.0 89. 32 99a ec (oleae 122.0 | 119.5 97.95 | 113:'0) 925/62 — 5.44 -2do0ee) | LOSS 88. 93 aAt6c. c. per gram. [Brain weighed daily. Received June 13, 1905. Original weight, 108 grams.] Change in Change in Per cent | percentage Per cent | percentage At the end of | Absolute} of of original At the end of | Absolute of of original day. weight. | original weight day. weight. | original weight weight. | from day weight. | from day to day. to day. Grams. Grams. Birst:. sess cce | 112.0 103. 70 3.70 || Twenty-eighth .. 92.0 85.19 —0.46 Second. eo | 110.0 101. 85 —1.85 || Twenty-ninth .-.. 92.5 85. 65 + .46 DAP: A: eat. } 108.5 | 100.46 —1.39 || Thirtietha......- 92.0 85.19 — .46 WOUTUH S55 soe ee 108.0; 100.00 — .46 || Thirty-first ...... 90.5 | 83. 79 —1.40 . Sih a Ree 105.0 | 97.22 2.78 || Thirty-second .-. 90.0 83.33 — .46 Seventha....... 103.5 95. 83 -1.39 || Thirty-third ..... 90. 0 83.33 + .00 Mlghth ee -oJ2 iP atOSh0 95. 37 — .46 || Thirty-fourth.... 89.5 82. 87 — .46 Ninithie: 2.62 aan 102.5 94.91 — .46 || Thirty-fifth?.-_.- 89.0 82. 41 — .46 entice sscee so 101.5 93. 98 - .93 || Thirty-sixth-—.: 88.5 81.94 — .47 Eleventh ....... 100.0 92.59 —1.39 || Thirty-seventh -. 88.5 81.94 + .00 Twelfth. ....:..- 100. 2 | 92. 78 + .19 || Thirty-eighth -.. 88.5 81. 94 + .00 Chirteenth....-. 98.5 | 91. 20 —1.58 || Thirty-ninth .... 88.0 81.48 — .46 Fourteenth ....-. 97.5 | 90, 28 = .92 || Hortietives-sesees 87.5 81. 02 — .46 Fifteenth ....... 97.5 | 90.28 | + .00 || Forty-first ....... 87.3 80. 83 — .19 Sixteenth ....... 97.5 | 90, 28 + .00 || Forty-second .... 87.0 80. 55 — .28 Seventeenth .... 96.6 89. 44 | — .84 || Forty-third...... $7.0} 80.55 + .00 Eighteenth ..... 95.5 88. 42 —1.02 |) Forty-fourth..... 86.5 | 80. 09 — .46 Nineteenth ..... 95.5! 88.42 + .00 |! Forty-fifth....... 86.5) 80. 09 + .00 Twentieth ...... 95.0 | 87.96 | - .46 || Forty-sixth...... 86.5 80. 09 + .00 Twenty-first .... 94.2 87.22 | — .74 || Forty-seventh ... 86.0 79. 63 — .46 Twenty-second . 94.0 87. 04 .18 || Forty-eighth .... 86.0 79. 63 + .00 Twenty-third -.. 94.0 87. 04 + .00 || Forty-ninth ..... 86.0 79. 63 + .00 % Twenty-fourth. . 94.0 87. 04 | (00) | |Get eee eenee 86.0 79. 63 + .00 Twenty-fifth .... 93.5 | 86.57 | — .47 || Fifty-first........ 86.0 79. 638 + .00 Twenty-sixth ...| 93.5] 86.57 | + .00 || Sixty-first ....... 85.5 79.17 — .46 Twenty-seventh 92.5 85. 65 — .92 || Sixty-eighth..... 84.0 77.78 —1.39 | a Change of solution. No. 1451. BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLICKA. 315 Preservative: One-fifth saturated solution of alum, with 5 per cent formalin (3c. c. per gram). [Condition of brain: Medium. ] Per cent Additional weighings. Weight of OU) brain |Weight of Per cent Weight of|/Per cent) between “o Date of |immedi-| brain of | brain of ithe end of | ‘Per cent ® |autopsy.| ately after 1 |original| after1 |original) first and Date Weight of e afterex-| week. | weight. | month. | weight.) end ate. lof brain. original = traction. of fourth weight. Z | week. | _ 1905. Grams. | Grams. | Grams. 1905. | Grams. | 111.) June 13 99.0 102.0 | 103.03 94.5 95.45 | — 7.35 | Aug. 13 | 0 | 82. 82 113. June 16 108.5 109.5 100. 92 100.5 92. 62 | 8.22 | Aug. 16 5 85. 25 aa ee do. 108.0 111.0 | 102.78 101.5 93. 98 — S56 alee dois 65) 88. 42 115.|....do - 96. 0 99.0 | 103.12 90.5 94, 27 — 8.58 Omer Bi (0) 86. 46 INGA se- Oe 116.0 116.5 | 100.43 106.5 91.81 | — 8.58 |....do. (1 85. 34 TUN pepe Koi 108.5 108.5 | 100.00 99.0 ISDA er Se brlmeeedowen| 5 | 87.09 TIE | saqateloy = 115.0 116.0 100. 87 105. 5 91.74 — 9.05 = soy | } | 85. 65 TOS Sn ec do. 109.5 108.5 99. 09 98.5 89.95 | — 9.21 ]....do. 84. 47 120.|....do - 112.5 113.0} 100,44 98.5 87.56 | —12.83 -do . 81.77 IPA Kei See e(okay A 126.0 124.0 98. 41 114.5 90. 88 — 7.66 do. | 84.13 aAt6c. c. per gram. [Brain weighed daily. Received June 13, 1905. Original weight, 100.2 grams.] At the end of day. Betis sas: Benth... -. 2 o.- Fourteenth Fifteenth Sixteenth Seventeenth --.-.. Eighteenth Nineteenth Twentieth Twenty-first Twenty-second . Twenty-third ... Twenty-fourth... Twenty-fifth -... Twenty-sixth ... Twenty-seventh _— Change in | Change in Per cent | percentage Per cent | percentage Absolute of of original At the end of | Absolute of | of original weight. | original weight day. weight. | original weight weight. | from day weight. | from day to day. to day. Grams. | Grams. 108.5 108. 29 +3.29 || Twenty-eighth -. 92.5 92.31 —0. 50 105.5 105. 28 +1.99 || Twenty-ninth --. 92.5 92. 31 + .00 106.5 105. 97 + .69 | Thirtieth a... -... 92.5 92.31 + .00 104. 3 103. 78 —2.19 || Thirty-first ...... 91.5 91.31 | —1.00 103. 2 102.78 —1.00 | Thirty-second -.. 90. 0 89. 82 —1.49 102.5 101.99 — .79 || Thirty-third...-.- 89.5 89.31 | — .dl 102.5 101.99 + .00 || Thirty-fourth.... 88.5 88. 32 — .99 101.5 101. 29 — .70 |} Thirty-fifth .....- 88.0 | 87. 82 — .50 101.0 100. 79 — .60 || Thirty-sixth..... 88. 0 87. 82 | + .00 100.5 100. 29 — .90 || Thirty-seventh .. 87.0 86. 82 —1.00 100.0 99. 80 — .49 |! Thirty-eighth -... 87.0 | 86. 82 + .00 99. 0 98. 80 —1.00 || Thirty-ninth .... 86.5 | 86.32 | es 0 98.5 98. 30 — .50 || Fortieth......... 86.5 86. 32 + .00 98.0 97. 80 — 00) ||) Horty-first--22- == 86.5 | 86. 32 + .00 97.5 97.31 — .49 || Forty-second ..-.- 85.5 85. 32 —1.00 97.0 96. 51 — .60 || Forty-third.....-. 85. 5 | 85. 32 | + .00 96. 0 95. 81 —1.00 || Forty-fourth..... 85.0 | 84.83 — .49 96. 0 95, 81 + .00 || Forty-fifth....... 84.5 | 84.33 — .50 95.5 95. 31 — .50 || Forty-sixth.....-. 84.0 | 83. 83 + .50 95. 2 95. OL — .30 | Forty-seventh ... 84.0 | 83. 83 + .00 95.2 95, 01 + .00 | Forty-eighth .... S89 5i| eaeS9 = 550 94.5 94.31 — .70 | Forty-ninth ..... 83.5 | 83.33 + .00 94.5 94.31 oe p00)! || WasbinfsinoW Sonesaeae 84.0 |) $8.83 + .50 93.5 93. 31 =1,00' | Pifty-first....:--- 83.5 | 88. 83 =) 550 93.5 93. 31 + .00 | Sixty-first ....... 83.0 82.83 —1.00 93.0 92. 81 — .50 | Sixty-eighth..... 81.5 81. 33 —1.50 aChange of solution, . 316 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. Preservative: One-third saturated solution of alwm, sodium chloride up to 1,030 sp. gr., with 10 per cent formalin. {Condition of brain: Medium.] | Per cent Additional weighings. Weight of of change brain Weightof/Per cent|Weight of/Per cent) between 2 | Date of immedi-| brain (0) brain of the end of Percent 3 |autopsy.| ately after 1 |original) after1 |original| firstand | ),;,. | Weight| of g afterex-| week. | weight.| month. | weight. end * lof brain.) original | traction. | of fourth weight. A week. 1905. Grams. | Grams. Grams, 1905. Grams. 78..| June 12 108.0 | 98.0 90. 7 85.0 78.70 —13.26 | Aug. 12 17.5 71.76 WOE AN ee Ola = 115. 2 | 106.0 92.01 99.0 85. 94 — 6.60 |....do... 94.5 82.03 80..|....do 108. 0 99.0 91. 66 86.5 80. 09 —12.62 |....do... 78.0 72. 22 1 Dae ee do. 111.5 102.0 91.48 91.5 &2. 06 —10.29 |....do..- 81.5 73.09 Bue ess do 104.0 94.5 90. 86 83.0 79.81 | —12.17 100's- 73.5 70. 67 BOcaleoss do. 101.0. 91.5 90. 59 79.5 78.71 —13.11 00 a= 71.5 70.79 (27: Geet aaa do. 113.0 102.0 90. 26 89.0 78.76 —12.74 |....do... 80.5 71.24 (Se mee do 95.5 90.5 94.76 78.0 81. 67 —13-. 81/5. 220d0-62 69.5 W2tt S722)... 0 | 100.5 97.5 97. 01 85.0 84. 57 —12. 82 |....do... 76.5 76.12 sala Sana z 115.5 108.5 98. 94 96.0 83.12 — ll D2 Neen eee 85.5 74.03 [Brain weighed daily. aAt6e. c. per gram. Received June 12, 1905. Original weight, 105 grams. ] | Change in Percent percentage At the end of | Absolute | of | of original day. weight. original weight weight. | from day | to day. Grams. | Mirst si2ce~ 53s eo 102555) 97. 62 —2.38 Second. 2. 2c).2- 98.5 | 93. 81 —3.81 Mitr 2s. oso 98.4] 98.71 =i Hourth2-2:it-.8 98.0 | 93. 33 — .38 Livi dae eee eee 95.5 90.95 —2.38 Seventha....... 93.5 89. 05 —1.90 1h fala Ses ree A 92.0 87. 62 —1.43 NIUE US see ee 2.0 87. 62 + .00 ME. - 4 eee 91.5 87.14 — .48 Eleventh ....... 91.0] 86.67 ey TMyrelithe so. sass 89.5 85. 23 —1.44 Thirteenth...... 89.5 | 85.23 | + .00 Fourteenth ..... 89.0 84.76 — .A7 Fifteenth ....... 88.5 | 84. 28 | — .48 Sixteenth ....... 88.0 | 83. 81 — .47 Seventeenth .... 86.5 | 82.38 —1.43 Eighteenth ..... 86.5 | 82.38 + .00 Nineteenth ..... 86.0 81. 90 — .48 Twentieth ...... 85.5 81.43 — .47 Twenty-first .... 85. 0 80. 95 — .48 Twenty-second -| $4.5 80. 47 — .48 Twenty-third ... 84.5 80. 47 + .00 |} Twenty-fourth. .| 83.5 79. 52 —=..90:} Twenty-fifth ....| 84.0 80. 00 + .48 Twenty-sixth ... 83.5 79. 52 — .48 Twenty-seventh | 89:65] 78257 =) 295 Twenty-eighth . | 82.5 | 78.57 + .00 Change in aChange of solution, i Per cent | percentage At the end of | Absolute of of original day. weight. original weight weight. | from day to day. Grams. Twenty-ninth... 83.0 79.05 +0. 47 Thirtietha....... 82.5 78.57 — .48 Thirty-first .:..-- 82.0 78.09 — .48 | Thirty-second ... 81.5 77.62 — .48 Thirty-third --..-.- 81.5 77. 62 + .00 Thirty-fourth -.. 81.5 77.62 + .00 Thirty-fifth...... 80.0 76.19 —1.48 Thirty-sixth....- 80.0 76.19 + .00 Thirty-seventh -. 80.0 76.19 + .00 | Thirty-eighth ... 80.0 76.19 + .00 Thirty-ninth -..- 80.0 76.19 + .00 Rortiethe.--4--e 79.5 75.71 — .48 Forty-first:. 2222. 79.0 75. 23 — .48 Forty-second... 79.0 79. 23 + .00 Forty-third....-. 79.0 75. 23 + .00 Forty-fourth ..-- 79.0 75. 23 +. .00 Forty-fifth....-.. 78.5 74.76 — .47 Forty-sixth...-..- 78.0 | 74.28 — .48 Forty-seventh -.. 77.9 73.81 — .47 Forty-eighth .... 77.0 73. 33 — .48 | Forty-ninth ...--. 77.5 73.81 + .48 | PRNPteghiiS. cseeee 77.6 | 73.81 + .00 © Luhaneries:| tape nae HES! 73.81 + .00 © Sixty-first .-..--- 77.0 | 73.33 — .48 Sixty-seventh ... 76.0 | 72.38 — .95 Seventy-fourth .. 76.0 72.38 + .00 no. 1451. BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLICK A 317 Preservative: One-third saturated solution of alum, with salt up to 1,030 sp. gr.; 5 per cent formalin (3 ¢. ¢. per gram). {Condition of brain: Medium. ] Per cent Additional weighings. Weight of On chante -—————— brain |Weight of/Per cent Weight of Per cent] between si | Date of |immedi-| brain of brain )||) ) ver the end of Per cent S& | autopsy.| ately after 1 |original| after1 | original) first and | mate Weight of = afterex-| week. | weight.) month. | weight. end ate. lof brain. original = traction, of fourth weight. A week, | 1905: Grams. Grams. Grams. 1905. Grams. 67..; June 10 | 123.0 128.0 | 104. 06 110.5 89. 84 —13.67 | Aug. 10 94.0 76. 42 68..| June 12 | 114.0 114.5 | 100.44 95. 0 83. 33 —17.03 | Aug. 12 87.0 76. 31 HOME a= Ors. | 104. 5 | 107.0 | 102.37 88.5 84. 69 —17.29 ..do. 78.0 74. 64 AE exch Ove 99.8 101.5 | 101.70 84.0 84.16 —17.24 |....do. 75.5 75. 65 Tiel o edo 104.5 107.0 102.37 84.4 81. 72 —21.12 dor 76.0 72.73 TESS eee hoe 109.5 110.5 100. 91 92.0 84. 02 —16. 74 |....do. 82.0 74. 88 (Bale a8 Ke) 97.5 101.0 | 103.58 83.0 85.13 —17.82 stdoe 76.0 77.95 74..|....do0 110.8 113.5 102. 43 97.5 87.99 —14.09 saoloys 90.5 81.68 HO2elaeon Ove 98.0 102.0 104. 08 87.5 89.28 —14, 21 EEO 75.0 76. 53 i@e\.222ao0 120.5 118.5 98. 34 106.5 88. 388 —10.13 SOS oe 101.5 84, 23 aAt6c. c. per gram, [Brain weighed daily. Received June 12, 1905. Original weight, 108 grams. ] | Change in Change in Per cent | percentage Per cent | percentage At the end of | Absolute of of original Atthe end of | Absolute of of original day. | weight. | original weight day. weight. | original | weight weight. | from day weight. | from day to day. to day. Grams. Grams. iS Seer Soeacer ; 107.0 99.08 | —0.92 || Twenty-ninth ... 93.0 86.11 +0.00 pecondeens 2. ae 106, 0 98.15 — .93 |} Thirtietha__.... 93.5 86.57 + .46 Bibra soe | 105:5 97. 68 See A7al| ibinbyetins tease 91.5 84.72 = ea Wourth...2...... | 105.0] 97.22 — 146 || Thirty-second...| 91.0 | 84.26 — 146 BUG Dereon See } 105.5 97.68 + .46 || Thirty-third..... 90. 5 83.79 — .47 Seventha........ 108. 0 95. 37 —2.31 || Thirty-fourth ... 90. 5 83.79 + .00 BaP 222 eee 102.7 95. 09 — .28 || Thirty-fifth...-.-. 89.5 82. 87 — .92 NGO De as sca ese 100.5 93. 05 —2.04 || Thirty-sixth..... 89.5 82. 87 + .00 Menthe c cee 100.5 93. 05 + .00 || Thirty-seventh-. 89.5 82. 87 +200 Eleventh........ 100.5 93. 05 + .00 ||} Thirty-eighth ... 89.0 82. 41 — .46 Mw eltth = 15-5252 100. 0 92.59 — .46 | Thirty-ninth .... 88.5 81. 94 — .47 Thirteenth. ..... } 99. 0 91.67 — ,92 || Fortieto...:...-- 89.0 82.41 + .47 Fourteenth ..... 98.5 91. 20 — .47 || Forty-first .....-- 89.0 82. 41 + .00 Fifteenth .....-. 97 0 89. 81 —1.39 || Forty-second .... 89.5 82. 87 + .46 Sixteenth .:...-.. 96.8 89. 63 — .18 || Forty-third.....-. 89. 0 82. 41 — .46 Seventeenth -...| 95.5 88. 42 —1.21 || Forty-fourth..... 89.0 82. 41 + .00 Eighteenth -.... 96. 0 88. 89 + .47 || Forty-fifth.....-. 87.5 81. 02 —1.39 Nineteenth ..... 96.5 89. 35 + .46 || Forty-sixth .....-. 88.0 81. 48 + .46 Twentieth ...... 95.8 88. 70 — .65 || Forty-seventh ... 87.5 81. 02 — .46 Twenty-first... .. 95, 5 88. 42 — .28 || Forty-eighth..... 88.0 81.48 + .46 Twenty-second. . 95.0 87. 96 — .46 || Forty-ninth...... 87.5 81. 02 — .46 Twenty-third ... 95.0 87.96 + .00 || Fiftieth.......... 87.5 81.02 + .00 Twenty-fourth... 94.5 87.50 — .46 || Fifty-first........ 88.0 81.48 + .46 * Twenty-fifth .... 94.3 87.31 = .19 || Sixty-first.......- 87.5 81. 02 — .46 Twenty-sixth ... 94. 0 87.03 ~— .28 || Sixty-seventh ... 86.5 80. 09 — .93 _Twenty-seventh 93.0 86. 11 -- .92 || Seventy-fourth -. 86.0 79. 63 — .46 Twenty-eighth .. 93.0 86. 11 + .00 aChange of solution. 518 Preservative: Eighty parts of 95 per cent alcohol and 20 parts of 5 per cent formalin (3¢.c. | g PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. per gram). (Condition of brain: Medium.] Weight of brain Date of | immedi- it & | autopsy.| ately g after ex- z, | I 1905. Grams. 123.) June 16 | ano” 126. PYRAMIDELLA (ACTAZEOPYRAMIS) AMCENA A. Adams. Plate XIX, fig. 1. Monoptygma amena A. Apams, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1851, p. 228. Shell slender, elongate-conic, turrited, milk white. Nuclear whorls small, almost completely immersed in the first of the later whorls, the peripheral portion of the last volution only is visible, which shows that the axis of the nucleus is at right angles to the axis of the later whorls. Post-nuclear whorls very high between the sutures, decidedly shouldered, moderately well rounded, marked by rather coarse lines of growth and deeply incised spiral channels, which are crossed by many regular, quite well-developed, axial riblets. These little riblets divide the channels into regular chains of pits. There are five channels between the sutures on the second and third whorl and six on the following three. The raised portion between the channels is of about double the width of the channel, somewhat crenulated on both margins and faintly spirally striated. Periphery and base of last whorl] well rounded= sculptured like the space between the sutures, with nine spiral channels, the raised spaces between them gradually diminishing in breadth toward the umbilical region, which is somewhat excava ated Aperture subquadrate, posterior angle acute, junction of columella and outer lip subchanneled; outer lip somewhat expanded at the outer edge, wavy in outline, rather thick, the incised channels appearing as mere lines within by transmitted light; columella straight, thin, fold not visible in the aperture; parietal wall without callus. Two specimens are among the Berlin material, both in the Peetel collection and from Japan. ‘The larger one, described above, has seven post-nuclear whorls, and measures: long. 7mm.; diam. 2.6 mm. The smaller one, labeled pupotdes A. Adams, has six post-nuclear whorls, and measures: lone. 5.4 mm.; diam. 2.3 mm. This species recalls 7. (A.) /auta, but is much more slender. ee a a No. 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. 301 PYRAMIDELLA (ACTAEOPYRAMIS) PUNCTIGERA A. Adams. Plate XIX, fig. 2. Monoptygma punctigera A. Adams, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VII, 1861, p. 296. Shell slender, elongate-conic, milk white. Nuclear whorls two, moderately large, depressed helicoid, obliquely one-half immersed in the first of the later whorls. Post-nuclear whorls very high between the sutures, moderately rounded and shouldered at the summits, marked by rather coarse lines of growth and deeply impressed, equally spaced spiral channels, which are crossed by small, quite regular and regularly spaced riblets. The space between these riblets appears as a pit and the whole groove asa pitted channel. Six channels are present between the sutures on the second to fourth and seven on the last two whorls. Periphery and base well rounded, the latter sculptured like the space between the sutures, crossed by eight spiral channels. Aper- ture moderately large, subquadrate, ¢ posterior angle acute, (outer lip fractured), columella moderately strong, twisted, columellar fold not visible in the aperture, parietal wall covered by faint callus. The specimen above described belongs to the Pretel collection. It has six post-nuclear whorls, and measures: long. 5.4mm. ; diam. 1.8 mm. The present species in some respects resembles P. (4.) wnana Adams, but is much smaller, much more attenuated, with proportion- ately much higher whorls. PYRAMIDELLA (ACTAZFOPYRAMIS) DIGITALIS, new species. Plate XIX, fig. 6. The Peetel collection contains a young individual labeled ‘* J/onop- tygma digitalis A. Adams,” from Japan. We have been unable to find any reference to such a species, and are also unable to make it harmonize with any of the described forms. While we dislike to base a description upon a young individual, we nevertheless feel that the present report would be incomplete without it. Nuclear whorls small, completely immersed, only the rounded periph- ery of the last is visible above the first of the succeeding volutions. Post-nuclear whorls three, inflated, well-rounded, shouldered, the second encircled by five and one-half strong, narrow, subequal, and subequally spaced spiral keels between the sutures, separated by spaces about one and one-half times as wide as the keels. These spaces are crossed at regular intervals by backward-slanting axial riblets which are about two-thirds as wide as the spiral keels but not quite as elevated. The axial ribs and spiral keels inclose quite regular, depressed, rhom- bic areas. There are six spiral keels on the third whorl. Periphery and base well rounded. the latter somewhat produced and excavated near the small umbilical chink, ornamented like the spaces between 332 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSE UM. VOL. XXX. the sutures, having eight spiral keels. Aperture oval, somewhat effuse at the junction of the columella and outer lip, posterior angle obtuse; outer lip strong, rather thick, showing as many low, rounded lirations within as there are spaces between the keels on the outside; columella strong, armed with a well-developed oblique fold a little anterior to its insertion; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. The specimen measures: long. 2.2 mm. ; diam. 1.5 mm. PYRAMIDELLA (SYRNOLA) CINNAMOMEA 4A. Adams. Plate X XVI, fig. 1. Elusa cinnamomea A. Apams, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1862, p. 237. Shell slender, elongate-conic, of almost rectilinear outline, polished, yellowish-brown. Nuclear whorls two and one-half, rather large, hel- icoid, moderately elevated, smooth, having their axis at a right angle to the axis of the later whorls and about one-fourth immersed in the first of them; the periphery of the nucleus extends slightly beyond the outline of the spire on the left side. Post-nuclear whorls quite high between the sutures, flattened, separated by slight sutures marked only by faint lines of growth and numerous extremely fine and closely placed spiral striations. Periphery and base of the last whorl well rounded, the latter rather short. Aperture small, suboval, posterior angle narrow and acute, outer lip thin, columella short, curved, mod- erately strong, with an inconspicuous oblique fold near its insertion; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. The specimen described and figured belongs to the Pzetel collection and comes from Japan. It has eight post-nuclear whorls, and measures: lone. 4.2mm.; diam. 1.1 mm. This shell has the aspect of a small, straight Hu/ima. PYRAMIDELLA (SYRNOLA) BRUNNEA A. Adams. Plate XXIV, figs. 4, 7. Obeliseus brunneus A. ADAms, in Sowerby Thes., 1854, p. 810, pl. cLxx1, fig. 35. Obeliscus buxeus GouLp, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., VII, 1861, p. 403. Shell elongate-conic, light brown, shining. Nuclear whorls two and one-half, smull, depressed helicoid, polished, having their axis at aright angle to the axis of the latter whorls and about one-sixth immersed in the first of them. Post-nuclear whorls flattened, slightly shouldered, rather low between the sutures, marked only by lines of growth and microscopic spiral strie. Sutures subchanneled and minutely crenulated. Periphery and base of last whorl well rounded, marked like the spaces between the sutures. Aperture suboval, pos- terior angle acute; outer lip thin; columella short, somewhat twisted and revolute, bearing a strong oblique fold a little anterior to its in- sertion; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. No. 1452. NOTES ‘ON PYRAMIDELLIDE—DALL AND BARTSCH. aoe A. Adamy’s type came from Japan. The above description is based upon two individuals from a lot of four, U.S. National Museum col- lection, No. 170808, which come from Hirado, Hizen, Japan. The nucleus was described from one specimen and the post-nuclear charac- ters from the most perfect individual in the collection, which belongs to the same lot; this has sixteen post-nuclear whorls, and measures: long. 17, 6mm.; diam. 4.5mm. This specimen is a little more slender than the average individual. One, having fourteen post-nuclear whorls, measures: long. 14.2 mm.; diam. 4.3 mm. Some show five well-devel- oped, subequal and subequally spaced interrupted lirations on the outer lip. The fine spiral striations are quite superficial and do not appear on specimens which are somewhat worn. There are two other specimens, No. 130076, in the U. S. National Museum from Japan. Gould’s type of Obeliscus buxeus is from the China Seas; it isan immature shell of ten post-nuclear whorls and is registered as No. 339. A speci- men received from Eastlake, No. 160634, was collected at Hongkong, China. The Berlin collection contains one worn and bleached indi- vidual which is lacking a number of the early post-nuclear whorls. It was labeled Obeliscus bicolor Menke, California, which of course is an error. (. bicolor is a triplicate species = Pyramidella (Longchaeus) bicolor Menke. PYRAMIDELLA (IPHIANA) LISCHKEI, new species. Plate XXV, fig. 1. Shell slender, elongate-conic, subdiaphanous, polished, girdled by two golden-yellow bands between the sutures. Nuclear whorls decol- lated. Post-nuclear whorls rather high between the sutures, very slightly shouldered and well rounded, marked by rather strone lines of growth and scarcely visible closely placed spiral striations. The posterior band lies somewhat posterior to the middle of the whorl, while the anterior one is somewhat posterior to the periphery, showing therefore, on all the whorls a little above the well-marked suture. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base attenuated. A per- ture suboval, posterior angle acute, outer lip slightly expanded ante- riorly, without internal lirations, columella reenforced by the attenu- ated base, and almost enveloped by it, bearing a moderately strong, oblique fold near its insertion; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. The specimen described above belongs to the Pzetel collection and comes from Japan. It has eight post-nuclear whorls, and measures: long. 4.6 mm.; diam. 1.4 mm. 384 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. PYRAMIDELLA (IPHIANA) TENUISCULPTA Lischke. Plate XXVI, figs. 3, 5. Obeliscus tenuisculptus LiscuKer, Mal. Blatt., 1872, XIX, p. 102; also Jap. Meer. Conch., III, 1874, pp. 58-59, pl. m1, figs. 7-8. Shell, elongate-conic, sides of the spire rectilinear in outline, pale wax-yellow. Nuclear whorls decollated. Post-nuclear whorls flat- tened, increasing very regularly in size, slightly shouldered at the summit, separated by well-marked sutures, and marked by faint lines of growthand numerous fine, closely spaced spiral striations. Periph- ery of the last whorl somewhat angulated. Base very short, well rounded and slightly excavated at the umbilical region, sculptured like the space between sutures. Aperture subquadrate, posterior angle acute, outer lip thin, without internal lirations, columella short, some- what twisted, revolute, bearing a moderately strong oblique fold a little anterior to its insertion. The specimen described belongs to the Pzetel collection, and is from Japan. It has eleven post-nuclear whorls (the apex and perhaps the first two or three post-nuclear whorls being lost), and measures: long. 10.4mm.; diam. 2.9mm. It was labeled Obeliscus balteatus A. Adams. PYRAMIDELLA (STYLOPTYGMA) SEROTINA A. Adams. Plate XVII, fig. 5. Syrnola serotina, A. Apams, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1862, p. 234. Shell very small, elongate-conic, wax-yellow, darker toward the apex. Nuclear whorls one and one-half, rather large, loosely coiled, white, obliquely immersed in the first post-nuclear whorl, i. e., the first post-nuclear whorl encircles the nucleus and is thereby rendered quite large and stands out beyond the general outline of the shell. Post-nuclear whorls polished, moderately rounded, marked by faint lines of growth and here and there by an impressed axial line. Spiral sculpture absent. The first four whorls are marked by a rather broad, conspicuous reddish-brown band which encircles them at about one- third of the distance between the sutures anterior to the summit; on the fifth and sixth whorls this band appears as a faint line. The periphery of the last whorl is also encircled by a pale reddish-yellow spiral zone, part of which can be seen projecting above the well- impressed sutures on the preceding two volutions. Periphery and base of the last whorl well rounded, the latter rather short, marked like the space between the sutures. Aperture subquadrate, posterior angle acute (outer lip fractured), showing several internal lirations; columella stout with a strong oblique fold somewhat anterior to its insertion; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. The specimen here described belongs to the Pretel collection. It has seven post-nuclear whorls, and measures: long 3mm.; diam. 1.1 mm. No, 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. 335 PYRAMIDELLA (AGATHA) VIRGO A. Adams. Plate XVIII, fig. 2. Agatha virgo A. Apams, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, 1860, p. 422, Myonia virgo A. Apams, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VII, 1861, p. 295, Menestho virgo A. Apams, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VII, 1861, p. 295, Myonia virgo A. ApAMs, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VIII, 1861, p. 142, Amathis virgo A. ApAms, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VIII, 1861, p. 304. Shell elongate-conic, subturrited, milk-white. Nuclear whorls two, small, well rounded, obliquely about one-half immersed in the first post-nuclear whorl. Post-nuclear whorls rather high between the sutures, inflated, well rounded, shouldered, marked by irregular lines of growth which lend the surface a somewhat uneven appearance and many fine, closely-placed wavy spiral striations; sutures strongly marked. Periphery of the last whorl with a faint suggestion of an angulation. Base prolonged, gently rounded, marked like the spaces between the sutures. Aperture elongate-ovate, posterior angle obtuse, somewhat effuse at the junction of the lip and columella; outer lip thin without internal lirations; columella short, curved, witha very strong, acute, oblique fold near its insertion which fuses directly and is con- tinuous with the anterior reflected portion of the columella; parietal wall covered by a very thin callus. The specimen described was received from Hilgendorf and comes from Japan. It has ten post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 13.7 mm.; diam. 4.4 mm. There are two other individuals among the Ber- lin material, both young specimens and both from Japan. 7. (A.) virgo A. Adams is the type of Agatha; we do not know why Adams changed this to M/yonia and Amathis as we have been unable to find the name preoccupied. TURBONILLA (CHEMNITZIA) MULTIGYRATA Dunker. Plate XX, fig. 4. Turbonilla multigyrata DunKer, Ind. Moll. Mar. Jap., 1882, II, pl. x1, figs. 18-20. Shell large, elongate-conic, milk-white. Nuclear whorls three, large, helicoid, moderately elevated, having their axis at a right angle to the axis of the later whorls and scarcely at all immersed in the first of them. Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, the greatest convexity falling a little anterior to the middle between sutures, moderately shouldered, and ornamented by strong, rounded, oblique, flexuose axial ribs, which are somewhat fused at the summit and more so at the periphery. Intercostal spaces rounded, not quite as wide as. the ribs, decidedly depressed, terminating suddenly at the periphery. Fourteen axial ribs are present upon the first, eighteen upon the fifth, twenty upon the tenth, and twenty-four upon the penultimate whorl. Suture chan- neled, periphery somewhat angulate, the summits of succeeding whorls 336 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. fall a little anterior to the peripheral termination of the depressed intercostal spaces and leave a very narrow smooth band apparent in the suture. Base of the last whorl very short, slightly rounded, with a small depressed area at the columella. Aperture subquadrate, mod- erately large, posterior angle obtuse, outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within by transmitted light; columella short, straight, and slightly revolute, with a weak, deep seated, oblique fold near its insertion, which is not apparent in the aperture when this is viewed squarely. The type comes from Japan, has fifteen post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 11.5 mm.; diam. 2.8 mm. TURBONILLA (CHEMNITZIA) DUNKERI Clessin. Plate XX, fig. 3. Turbonilla dunkeri CuEsstx, Mart. Chem. Conch. Cab., 2d ed., Pyram., 1900, p. 257, pl. x11, fig. 3. Shell elongate-conic, gently tapering, dirty white. Nuclear whorls three, small, decidedly elevated, very loosely coiled, having their axis at a right angle to the axis of the later whorls and scarcely at all im- mersed in the first of them. Post-nuclear whorls very slightly rounded, almost flattened in the middle between the sutures, rather high, marked by strong, rounded, oblique axial ribs which extend prominently from the summit of the whorls to the periphery. Intercostal spaces about as wide as the ribs, decidedly depressed, extending from the summit to the periphery, where they suddenly terminate. Twelve axial ribs are present on the first, sixteen on the fifth, and twenty-one on the penultimate whorl. These ribs are not at all fused at the summit of the whorls, but remain distinct. At the periphery, however, they do become fused and terminate the depressed interspaces. Sutures sub- channeled. Periphery of the last whorl slightly angulated. Base moderately long and gently rounded. Aperture small, subquadrate, posterior angle obtuse, outer lip thin, columella slender, slightly curved and somewhat revolute, haying a weak, very oblique, deep- seated fold near its insertion, which is not visible in the aperture when this is viewed squarely. There are three specimens in the Dunker collection, Clessin’s types; they are from Nagasaki, Japan. The largest one of these, the one above described, has eleven post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 6.2 mm.; diam. 1.6 mm. The smallest one agreeing in every way with the larger specimen, has nine post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 4.2 mm.; diam. 1.2 mm. Clessin’s figure of this species is so poor that it not only fails in delineating the characters of the species, but is absolutely misleading. No. 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDAE—DALL AND BARTSCH. ent TURBONILLA (CHEMNITZIA) ABSEIDA, new species. Plate XXI, fig. 4. Shell large, elongate-conic, milk-white, shining. Nuclear whorls decollated. Post-nuclear whorls decidedly rounded, slightly shouldered and somewhat constricted at the periphery, marked by very strong lam- ellar oblique axial ribs and deeply impressed intercostal spaces which are about twice as wide as the ribs. The ribs do not fuse at the sum- mit but terminate strongly as cusps, rendering the outline of the summits wavy; they fuse at the periphery and there suddenly termi- nate the deep intercostal spaces. The type, which has lost the nucleus and perhaps the first three post-nuclear whorls, has fourteen ribs on the first (remaining), sixteen on the fifth, and twenty-two on the penulti- mate whorl. The summits of succeeding whorls on the later volu- tions drop a little anterior to the periphery and permit a narrow plain band to appear above the suture. Periphery of the last whorl slightly angulated. Base short, well rounded. Aperture moderately large, subquadrate, posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the exter- nal sculpture within by transmitted light; columella oblique, revolute, with a weak oblique fold at its insertion. The type and five additional specimens belong to the Dunker collec- tion and come from Japan. One of these has been donated to the U.S. National Museum, where it is entered as No. 185886. The ten remaining post-nuclear whorls in the type measure: long. 8.4 mm.; diam. 2.3mm. Another specimen lacking only the nucleus has twelve post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 8 mm.; diam. 2.3 mm. It is possible that this form may be Zurbonilla perfecta A. Adams, but this can only be decided when Adams’ types shall have been located. His scant descriptions and lack of measurements make positive identifica- tion impossible when dealing with Chemnitzia, Turbonilla, or Odos- tomid. TURBONILLA (CHEMNITZIA) APPROXIMATA, new species. Plate XX, fig. 1. Shell elongate-conic, gently tapering, white. Nuclear whorls decol- lated. Post-nuclear whorls flattened, slightly shouldered, ornamented by strong, rather narrow, oblique, axial ribs which are distinct at the summit but fuse at the periphery. Twelve of these ribs appear on the first, fifteen upon the ‘fifth, eighteen upon the tenth, and twenty- two upon the penultimate whorl. Intercostal spaces a little wider than the ribs, decidedly depressed, terminating suddenly at the periphery. The summit of the succeeding whorls falls a little anterior to the termination of the intercostal spaces and leaves a very narrow smooth area above the well-marked sutures, Periphery of the last whorl very Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——22 338 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. slightly angulated, base moderately long and well rounded. Aperture moderately large, subquadrate, posterior angle acute, outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within by transmitted light; columella slender, oblique, somewhat revolute; columellar fold not apparent in the aperture, parietal wall covered by a thin film of callus. There are two specimens in the Berlin collection, both belong to the Dunker collection and come from Japan; one of these has been donated to the U. S. National Museum and is entered as No. 185887, the other, the type, bas thirteen post-nuclear whorls, and measures: long. 8.2 mm. ; diam. 2.1 mm. TUBONILLA (CHEMNITZIA) INFANTULA, new species. Plate XX, fig. 2. Shell very small, slender, milk-white. Nucleus prominent, helicoid, with elevated spire, consisting of two and one-half whorls, which are about one-fourth immersed in the first of the later whorls and have their axis at a right angle to the axis of these. Post-nuclear whorls six, moderately rounded and ornamented by strong, oblique ribs, of which sixteen occur upon the first and eighteen upon the penultimate whorl. Intercostal spaces about as wide as the ribs, terminating abruptly at the periphery. Base smooth. Aperture moderately large; outer lip (fractured). This is a young specimen; we add it to make the report complete. It was collected by Hilgendorf in Japan and measures: long. 2.1 mm.; diam. .6 mm. TURBONILLA (CHEMNITZIA) ACTOPORA, new species. Plate XX, fig. 6. Shell very slender, elongate-conic, white. Nuclear whorls small, helicoid, obliquely one-third immersed in the first of the later whorls. Post-nuclear whorls rather high between the sutures, flattened and somewhat shouldered at the summit, marked by rather poorly devel- oped, low, broad, rounded, obliquely slanting axial ribs of which fourteen appear upon the second, sixteen upon the fifth and tenth whorl. On the penultimate these ribs are subobsolete. Intercostal spaces shallow, narrow, terminating at the periphery. Periphery and base of the last whorl well rounded, smooth. Aperture moderately large, subquadrate, posterior angle obtuse, outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within by transmitted light; columella oblique, straight, somewhat revolute, bearing a low, rounded fold a little ante- rior to its insertion; parietal wall covered by a mere film of callus. The Dunker collection contained five specimens of this species, one of which has been donated to the U. S. National Museum, No. 185888, all from Japan. The type has twelve post-nuclear whorls and meas- ures: long. 6.8 mm.; diam. 1.5 mm. No. 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDE—DALL AND BARTSCH. 339 The slender shape and poorly developed sculpture w subobsolete on the last whorl wil] differentiate this from the other described species. TURBONILLA (CHEMNITZIA) ACOSMIA, new species, Plate XX, fig. 5. Shell rather stout, broadly elongate-conic, gently tapering, milk- white. Nuclear whorls one and three-fourths, planorboid. large, extending somewhat beyond the outline of the spire on the left side, scarcely at all immersed, having their axis at a right angle to the axis of the later whorls. Post-nuclear whorls rather high between the sutures, slightly rounded, somewhat shouldered, ornamented by rather low, broad, rounded, oblique axial ribs (which are badly worn on the first two whorls), the third contai ns fourteen, the fifth twenty, and the penultimate thirty; these ribs are distinct at the summit, but fuse at the periphery of the whorls. Intercostal spaces narrow, scarcely depressed below the general surface of the shell, extending to the periphery. Sutures well marked. The summits of the last three whorls fall a very little anterior to the termination of the intercostal] spaces and leave a very narrow plain band above the suture. Periph- ery and base of the last whorl well rounded. Aperture subquadrate, somewhat produced and effuse at the junction of the columella and the outer lip; posterior angle acute, outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within by transmitted light; columella straight, oblique, somewhat revolute, with a very weak, low, oblique fold a little ante- rior to its insertion. The type belongs to the Dunker collection and is without definite locality. All the other Pyramidellids in the Dunker collection are from Japan. It is quite probable therefore that this may also be the home of the present species. The type and only specimen has ten post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 8.4 mm.; diam. 2.4 mm. L. acosmia is similar in outline and ribbing to Turbonilla (Strio- turbonilla) secura=(new name for Turbonilla obeliscus Gould,” not Chemnitzia obeliscus C. B. Adams,’= Turbonilla (Strioturbon lla) obe- ‘lascus C. B. Adams) from Simons Bay, Cape Town, South Africa, but | lacks the fine spiral strie and is in every way somewhat smaller. TURBONILLA (CHEMNITZIA) GARRETTIANA, new name. Plate X XI, fig. 5. Odostomia sulcata GARRETT, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1873, p. 224, pl. I, fig. 46. Not Turbonilla suleata DE Foxy, 1871. Shell moderately large, subdiaphanous, bluish white, shining. Karly Whorls decollated. Later whorls almost flattened, somewhat shouldered @Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., VII, 1861, p. 406. > Contr. to Conch., 1850, pp. 72-73. 340 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. at the summits, ;, ornamented with poodlye developed, broad, low; almost vertical axial ribs which are strongest at the summit of the shee and gradually grow weaker toward the periphery. The first three post- nuclear whorls probably are lost. The second of those left has eighteen ribs; the antipenultimate twenty-four and the penultimate twenty-two; on this they are much weaker than on the preceding whorls. Inter- costal spaces broad and shallow, scarcely sunk below the general sur- face of the shell, becoming obsolete toward the periphery like the ribs. Sutures well marked. Base of the last whorl rather prolonged, smooth. Aperture moderately large, suboval, posterior angle acute; outer lip thin, junction of the columella and outer lip well rounded; columella oblique, somewhat revolute, provided with a prominent fold, a little anterior to its insertion; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. The sixteen remaining whorls measure: long. 7.8 mm.; diam. 2.1 mm. The type is No. 58111 of the collection of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences and was collected by Garrett, in the Viti Islands. TURBONILLA (CHEMNITZIA) CRENULATA Menke. Plate X XI, fig. 6. Oxytrema crenulata MENKE, Synopsis Methodica Molluscorum, 1830, p. 137. Shell elongate-conic, subturrited, milk-white. Nuclear whorls decollated. Post-nuclear whorls flattened, somewhat shouldered at the summit, crossed by strong, rounded, very oblique, slightly sinuous, axial ribs, of which sixteen occur upon the fourth, twenty upon the tenth, and twenty-four upon the penultimate whorl. These ribs show a tendency toward fusing at the summit of the whorl, where they become slightly thickened; they extend strongly to the well-impressed sutures. Intercostal spaces about one-half as wide as the ribs, mod- erately depressed, terminating suddenly at the somewhat angulated periphery of the last whorl. Base of the last whorl short, well rounded, moderately large, marked only by lines of growth. Aper- ture subquadrate, somewhat effuse at the junction of the lip and col- umella, posterior angle acute, outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within by transmitted light, columella straight, almost ver- tical, somewhat revolute, provided with a very weak oblique fold at its insertion; parietal wall covered by a thin eallus. There are two specimens in the Pzetel collection which we believe to he the types. They are labeled ‘* Mexico.” They agree in every re- spect, except in the number of whorls. We have figured and deseribed the larger one of the two, which has thirteen post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 8.6 mm; diam. 2 mm. Menke“ states that the specimens were collected by Doctor Schiede. Upon search it was ascertained th: at Doctor Schiede collec ted on the a “Synopsis Methodica Molluscorum, 1830, p. 137, No. 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDA—DALI AND BARTSCH. 341 Atlantic side, especially about Vera Cruz. It is, therefore, quite likely that this may be the home of the present species. Oxytrema was proposed by Rafinesque for a genus of Melanians. NISITURRIS, new subgenus. Plate XXIV, fig. 3. This subgenus is proposed for Zurbonilla (N.) crystallina, which is differentiated from all the Turbonillas which we have seen by its very peculiar nucleus. The nucleus in 7urboni/a is helicoid or planorboid; in this individual, however, it is pupoid—that is, the nuclear whorls resemble a small sinistral pupa placed obliquely on the later whorls. The post-nuclear characters are those of Chemn/tzia s. s. TURBONILLA (NISITURRIS) CRYSTALLINA, new species. Plate XVII, fig. 7. Plate XXIV, fig. 3. Chemnitzia erystallina DunKER, Cat. Mus. Godeffroy, IV, 1869, p. 78 (a nomen nudum), not Pyramis crystallina Brown, 1827 (=Odostomia) nor Odostomia crystallina GARRETT, 1873 (=Pyramidella (Iphiana) crystallina), nor Odos- tomia (Auriculina) erystallina Monterosato, see Carus. Prod. Fauna Medit., p. 275, 18938; =O. diaphana Jeffreys. Shell very slender and thin, elongate-conic, slightly umbilicated, almost transparent. Nuclear whorls large, very much elevated, coiled to resemble a small sinistral Pupa, smooth, situated obliquely upon the spire of the post-nuclear whorls and extending considerably beyond the lateral outline of this. Post-nuclear whorls rather high between the sutures, somewhat overhanging (this is particularly true of the earlier volutions), slightly shouldered at the summit, ornamented by strong, oblique, rounded axial ribs, which are slightly cusped at their posterior extremity, where they show a tendency toward becoming fused; fused at the periphery; twenty-two of these ribs occur upon the first (this whorl is more rounded than the rest and closer ribbed), fourteen upon the second, twelve upon the fifth, sixteen upon the tenth, and twenty upon the penultimate whorl. The intercostal spaces are twice as wide as the ribs, decidedly depressed, smooth, terminating at the fusing point of the ribs on the periphery. The summits of suc- ceeding whorls fall somewhat anterior to the periphery of the preceding whorl and give the whorls an overhanging effect as well as a narrow smooth band between the anterior termination of the intercostal spaces and the subchanneled sutures. Periphery and base of the last whorl well rounded, the latter very short, marked only by faint lines of growth. Aperture very large, almost circular in outline, outer lip thin, transparent, showing the external sculpture within; columella thin, curved and revolute, with a slight oblique fold near its insertion; parietal wall covered by a mere film of callus. 342 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. The type belongs to the Dunker collection and comes from Upolu, one of the Samoan Islands. It has twelve post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 4.5 mm.; diam. 1mm. The nuclear whorls measure about 1mm. long. This species is the type of the subgenus Vis/turris, which differs from Chemnitzia s. s. by having the peculiar nucleus of the present species. TURBONILLA (STRIOTURBONILLA) MONOCYCLA A. Adams. Plate XXII, fig. 8. Turbonilla monocycla A. Apams, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, 1860, p. 418; not Parthenia (= Odostomia ( Egila?)) monocycla A. ADAMS. Shell elongate-conic, slender, slightly umbilicated, milk-white. Nuclear whorls small, almost completely obliquely immersed in the first post-nuclear whorl. Post-nuclear whorls very finely, wavily, spirally striated, shouldered at the summit, flattened, with a well impressed sulcus at the periphery; marked by strong, decidedly sin- uous axial ribs, of which sixteen occur upon the second, nineteen upon the fifth, and thirty upon the penultimate whorl. These ribs pass over the moderately deep peripheral sulcus and render the intersec- tions with its edges subnodulose. The entire sulcus to the anterior edge is visible above the suture; this therefore appears very deep. Intercostal spaces not quite as wide as the ribs. Base well rounded, sculptured by the continuation of the axial ribs, which extend to the umbilicus, and the minute spiral striation. Aperture rather large, suboval, posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within by transmitted light; columella slender, curved, and revolute, provided with a quite strong oblique fold at its insertion. The specinien described belongs to the Petel collection, and comes from Japan. It has eight post-nuclear whorls, and measures: long. 4.3 mm.; diam. 1.5mm. Another lot from the same collection and locality contains two additional specimens, both immature. TURBONILLA (PYRGISCULUS) CANDIDISSIMA, new name. Plate XVII, fig. 3. =Dunkeria candida A. Apams, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VIII, 1861, p. 301; not Chemnitzia candida A, Apams, Proce. Zool. Soe., 1853; nor Turbonilla candida DE Four, Fonds de la Mer, I, 1871. Shell, milk-white, elongate-conic, with strongly, slopingly shoul- dered whorls. Nuclear whorls small, obliquely almost completely immersed. Post-nuclear whorls inflated, summits strongly, slopingly shouldered, ornamented by strong, decidedly elevated subacute, axial ribs, of which about twelve occur upon the first, eighteen upon the fifth, and twenty-two upon the penultimate whorl. These ribs extend prominently over the shoulder to the summit. Intercostal spaces _ about double the width of the axial ribs, crossed by alternate raised No. 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. 3438 and depressed spiral bands between the sutures, the raised bands are usually a little wider than the depressions, are spirally striated, and show here and there a tendency to bifurcation. Nine depressed areas are present upon the second, eleven upon the fifth, and the penult whorl, the posterior two of which are situated upon the shoulder and are less strongly developed than tho rest. Periphery and base of the last whorl well rounded, the latter somewhat produced, and sculptured like the spaces between the sutures, by the axial ribs, which extend quite prominently to the umbilicus and ten spiral raised and depressed bands. Aperture large, oval, outer lip thin, showing five deep-seated, interrupted, spiral lirations, the posterior ones of which are stronger and more distantly spaced; columella slender, revolute, curved, pro- vided with a quite prominent fold near the insertion; parietal wall covered by a quite strong callus. The specimen described belongs to the Dunker collection and comes from Nagasaki, Japan. It has eight post-nuclear whorls, and measures: long. 6.7 mm.; diam. 2.2mm. There are two other specimens with this, one of which served for the description of the nucleus, which is lost in the type. ‘Two other lots, both from Nagasaki, Japan, contain two and three specimens, respectively. In some individuals the ribs are somewhat thickened at the anterior end of the shoulder and give this part a crenulated appearance; the width of the raised, spiral areas is also narrower in some individuals than the depressed areas. TURBONILLA (PYRGISCUS) MUMIA A. Adams. Plate X VII, fig. 1. Chrysallida mumia A. AdAms, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VII, 1861, p. 45; not Chem- nitzia mumia SvrorpaNnt, 1858, which is not a Pyramidellid. Shell elongate-conic, small, white. Nuclear whorls three, moderately large, helicoid, having their axis at a right angle to the axis of the later whorls and about one-third immersed in the first of them. Post- nuclear whorls slightly rounded, almost flattened, shouldered at the summit with strong rounded axial ribs which render the summits of the whorls subcrenulate. There are fourteen of these ribs on the first, twenty on the fifth, and twenty-two on the penultimate whorl. Inter- costal spaces about as wide as the ribs, crossed ‘by a slender equal and equally spaced raised spiral threads, of which there are eight on the fourth and ten on the penultimate whorl between the sutures. Periphery of the last whorl somewhat angulated. Base attenuated, sculptured like the spaces between the sutures, by the axial ribs and ‘ten spiral threads. Aperture rather small, outer lip (fractured) show- ie ing the external markings within, columella somewhat oblique, straight, revolute, with a fold near its insertion which would scarcely be visible in a specimen with a perfect aperture. 344 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. ° VOL. XXX. The specimen described and figured belongs to the Petel collection, and comes fromJapan. It has eight post-nuclear whorls, and measures: long. 3.8 mm.; diam. 1. mm. : TURBONILLA (CINGULINA) CINGULATA Dunker. Plate X XI, fig. 1. Turbonilla cingulata DunKEr, Mal. Blitt., VI, 1860, p. 239: also Moll. Jap., p. 16, 1861, pl. vin, fig. 18; not Monoptygma or Oscilla cingulata A. ADAMS. Shell elongate-conic, slender, milk-white. Nuclear whorls three, large, helicoid, rather elevated, smooth, having their axis at a right angle to the axis of the later whorls, and about one-fourth immersed in the first of them. Post-nuclear whorls ornamented between the sutures by three strong, moderately rounded, raised spiral keels, which are separated by channels of about the same width; the first keel is at the summit of the whorl; these raised keels are marked axially by irregular lines of growth while the depressed channels are crossed by numerous more or less equally developed and equally spaced slender axial bands. 348 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOU RSX anterior termination of the strong, rounded, backward-slanting axial ribs between the sutures. Sixteen of these ribs occur upon the second, seventeen upon the fifth, and twenty upon the penultimate whorl. Intercostal spaces almost as wide as the ribs, crossed by two strongly impressed, moderately broad spiral lines, which also pass over and somewhat constrict the axial ribs, giving them a dumbell-shaped out- line; the posterior thickened portion is a little wider than the anterior one. The space between these two deeply impressed lines is crossed hy about eight minute, subequally spaced spiral striations. Periphery of the last whorl deeply suleate, crossed by numerous closely spaced axial striations, keel anterior to the periphery almost as strong as the one posterior to it; the third keel is a little anterior to the middle of the base and is rather low and broad; the space between it and the keel above is gently rounded and finely axially striated, which is also true of the space between this keel and the umbilical area. Aperture moderately large, suboval, effuse at the junction of the outer lip and columella; posterior angle obtuse, outer lip thin, irregular in outline, showing the external sculpture within; columella short, curved, stout, bearing a strong, acute, oblique fold a little anterior to its insertion; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. There are two lots of this species in the Berlin collection, both from Japan; one, No. 1446, containing two specimens, was received from H. Adams, and it is one of these that we have here described and figured. This specimen has nine post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 4.4 mm.; diam. 1.5 mm. The other belongs to the Peetel col lection. ODOSTOMIA (TRABECULA) TANTILLA A. Adams. Plate XXII, fig. 3. Pyrgulina tantilla A. Apams, Jour. Linn. Soe. London, VII, 1863, p. 5. Shell small, slender, turrited, milk-white. Nuclear whorls small, strongly obliquely immersed in the first post-nuclear whorl, only a portion of the last volution is visible. Post-nuclear whorls strongly shouldered, moderately rounded, rather high between the sutures, and appearing somewhat constricted at this point, marked by strong, rounded, backward slanting axial ribs, which render the summits of the whorls strongly crenulate; fourteen of these ribs occur upon the second, twenty-three upon the fourth, and thirty-two upon the penul- timate whorl. Intercostal spaces about twice as wide as the ribs, crossed between the sutures by five subequally spaced, raised spiral threads, the posterior one of which is a little farther from the summit than it is from its adjacent fellow; it is also a little less strongly developed than the rest. The ribs and spiral threads thus form a series of meshes or reticulations. Periphery and base of the last — No. 12. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. 349 whorl well rounded, sculptured, like the spaces between the sutures, by the axial ribs which continue prominently to the narrow umbilicus, and six subequal and subequally spaced spiral threads, with an indica- tion of a very weak seventh within the narrow umbilicus. Aperture moderately large, ovoid, posterior angle obtuse, outer lip strong, colu- mella slender, decidedly curved, and somewhat revolute, with a promi- nent oblique fold near its insertion; parietal wall covered by a very strong callus, which gives the peristome a complete appearance. The U.S. National Museum has two specimens from A. Adams, col- lected in Japan, No. 126005, the larger one of which has furnished the figure and the above description, excepting the aperture, which is imperfect in this specimen and was described from the second indi- vidual. The large one has seven post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 2.6 mm.; diam. 0.9mm. The Peetel collection contains one from Japan. ODOSTOMIA (PARTHENINA) META, new species. Plate XXIII, fig. 5. Shell milk-white, very small, thin, turrited, with channeled sutures and obtuse apex. Nuclear whorls small, strongly obliquely immersed in the first post-nuclear whorl; only a portion of the last volution is visible. | Post-nuclear whorls somewhat overhanging, rather high between the sutures, shouldered at the summit, flattened, suddenly contracted below the periphery.~ The summits of succeeding whorls fall considerably anterior to the periphery, which appears decidedly angular. The whorls are marked by strong axial ribs which extend undiminished over the angular periphery and base of the last whorl to the umbilical region. Sixteen of these ribs occur upon the second, twenty-two upon the fourth and the penultimate whorl. The ribs are slightly constricted just below the summit, which gives them a beaded appearance. Intercostal spaces about twice as wide as the ribs, crossed by two closely placed, raised spiral threads, the anterior one of which marks the angulation of the periphery. The junction of ribs and spiral threads is subnodulose. Base moderately long, narrowly umbil- icate. Aperture suboval, posterior angle obtuse, outer lip rather thick, columella strongly curved, with a prominent oblique fold near its inser- tion; parietal wall covered with a heavy callus, which gives the peri- stome a completed aspect. The specimen described belongs to the Peetel collection and comes from Japan. It has six post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 2.1 mm.; diam. 0.8 mm. 350 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, ODOSTOMIA (CHRYSALLIDA) DUX, new species. Plate XVII, fig. 4. Shell ovate-conic, white. Nuclear whorls moderately large, obliquely deeply immersed in the first post-nuclear whorl, the peripheral portion only of the last volution projects above the edge. Post-nuclear whorls moderately rounded, strongly crenulately shouldered, marked between the sutures by four spiral keels, the posterior two of which are a little more closely spaced than the rest and twenty axial ribs which do not extend entirely across the whorl but terminate at the suleus which separates the third from the fourth keel. Each junction of an axial rib and a spiral keel is marked by a tubercle; the tubercles of the - first and second keel belonging to the same axial rib are somewhat fused, there being a less prominent constriction between them than between the second and third, the complete effect being that of an exclamation point. The fourth spiral keel is strong and rounded and decidedly elevated, a very slender extension of the axial rib reaches across the deep spiral sulcus, which like the sulci of the base is crossed by fine, subequally spaced, raised axial threads. Base moderately well rounded, attenuated, ornamented with five subequal and subequally spaced, somewhat flattened, spiral keels. Aperture rather large, sub- oval, effuse at the junction of the outer lip and the columella; posterior angle acute, outer lip wavy, thin, showing the external sculpture within; columella strong, curved, reenforced by the attenuated base, provided - with a strong fold at its insertion; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. The type has four post-nuclear whorls, and measures: long. 1.8mm.; diam. | mm. It is from Japan and belongs to the Peetel collection. Of the twenty-eight species described as Chrysallida by A. Adams, we have been able to refer only one positively to this group, namely C. plicata. ODOSTOMIA (PYRGULINA) DENSECOSTATA Garrett. Plate X VIII, fig. 4. Shell elongate-ovate, very thin, subdiaphanous, milk-white, shining. Nuclear whorls almost completely obliquely immersed in the first post- nuclear whorl. Post-nuclear whorls rounded, rather inflated, moder- ately shouldered, and marked by many well-developed, regular, rounded, toward the aperture slanting axial ribs, of which twenty occur upon the second, twenty-four upon the fifth, and thirty upon the penulti- mate whorl. These ribs are somewhat thickened at their posterior extremity and give the summits of the whorls a beaded appearance. Intercostal spaces a little wider than the ribs, crossed by many incised spiral lines, which are about as wide as the raised spaces between them. These incised spiral lines are a little less strongly developed on the no. 1492. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. ook posterior portion of the whorls, where the ribs are thickened, but anterior to these thickenings they are very regular and regularly spaced. There are eighteen on the fifth and twenty-six on the penul- timate whorl. Periphery and base of the last whorl well rounded, the latter marked by the strong continuations of the axial ribs, which extend almost undiminished to the umbilical region. The intercostal spaces on the base are marked like those between the sutures by twenty-two incised spiral lines. Sutures well marked. Aperture moderately large, posterior angle acute, outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within; junction of columella and outer lip well rounded; columella decidedly curved, thin, somewhat revolute, pro- vided with a prominent oblique fold, a little anterior to its insertion. This fold joins the columella in such a manner as to give this a decid- edly sigmoid curve. Parietal wall without callus. Garrett’s types embrace six specimens, all from the Viti Islands. The best developed one is here described and figured. It has eight post-nuclear whorls, and measures: long. 4 mm.; diam. 1.7 mm. The specimens belong to the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, where they are entered as No. 58110. P. Fischer“ considered this species synomymous with Odostomia (= Pyrgqulina) interstriata Sou- verbie. In this we do not agree with him, but consider the present species distinct. ODOSTOMIA (PYRGULINA) DENSECOSTATA UPOLUENSIS, new sub- species. Plate X VIII, fig. 1. Shell elongate-conic, subturrited, early whorls bluish-white, later ones milk-white. Nuclear whorls small, almost completely obliquely immersed in the first post-nuclear whorl; only half of the tilted last volution can be seen. Post-nuclear whorls slightly rounded, the posterior two-thirds between the sutures almost flattened, somewhat shouldered, marked by strong obliquely backward-slanting rounded axial ribs which are somewhat thickened and subcuspidate at the sum- mits; fourteen of these ribs occur upon the first, eighteen upon the third, twenty-four upon the fifth and on the penultimate whorl. Inter- costal spaces somewhat variable in width, one to one and one-half times as wide as the ribs, crossed by fine subequal and subequally spaced impressed spiral lines, the spaces between them being a little ' wider than the impressed Jines; about twenty of these lines occur between the sutures on the fifth and twenty-two upon the penultimate whorl. Periphery and base of the last whorl well rounded, the latter marked like the spaces between the sutures by the strong continuation of the axial ribs, which extend undiminished to the small umbilical @Jour. de Conch., X XIV, 1876, p. 150. Ue PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. chink, and by twenty impressed spiral lines which here are almost as wide as the spaces between them. Aperture suboval, outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within; columella slender, curved, and reflected, with a moderately strong, oblique fold at its insertion; pari- etal wall covered by a moderately thick callus which gives the peristome an almost continuous appearance. The type and another specimen belong to the Pzetel collection and come from Upolu, one of the Samoan Islands. The type has seven post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 3.7mm.; diam. 1.5mm. It differs from 0. (7.) densecostata Garrett in being more slender, having the whorls less inflated and rounded (densecostata has them decidedly rounded) and in having a greater number of axial ribs. ODOSTOMIA (PYRGULINA) ALVEATA A. Adams. Plate XXII, fig. 5. Chrysallida alveata A. Apams, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VII, 1861, p. 45. Shell small, oblong, ovate, milk-white. Nuclear whorls decollated. Post-nuclear whorls rather high between the sutures, moderately rounded, strongly shouldered at the summit, which is ‘subtabulated, crossed by strong, rounded, almost vertical axial ribs, which render the summit of the whorlscrenulate. Eighteen of these ribs occur upon the third, and nineteen upon the penultimate whorl. Intercostal spaces about one-half as wide as the ribs, crossed by about twelve fine, sub- equally spaced, incised spiral lines. The summits of succeeding whorls fall a little anterior to the somewhat angulated periphery of the preced- ing whorl on the earlier volutions, and gives them a somewhat con- stricted appearance at the deep sutures. Periphery of the last whorl very faintly angulated. Base well rounded, somewhat pinched at the umbilical region, marked by the strong continuations of the axial ribs, and about ten spirally incised lines in the spaces between them. Aperture oval, posterior angle obtuse, outer lip thick (fractured) showing seven equally well-developed and equally spaced internal lira- tions; columella short, decidedly curved and revolute, with a strong oblique fold at its insertion; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. The specimen described and figured belongs to the Petel collection and comes from Japan. It has five post-nuclear whorls, and measures: long. 2.mm.; diam. 1.1mm. It is badly worn, which prevents making an accurate count of the incised spiral lines; there are, however, prob- ably twenty between the suture and the summit on the penultimate whorl and perhaps a similar number on the base. Adams _ in his description does not mention the internal lirations of the outer lip, hut these are usually deep-seated, or appear at intervals, and may not have been apparent in the specimen originally described. ane No. 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. ooo ODOSTOMIA (PYRGULINA) LECTA, new species. Plate XXII, fig. 2. Shell elongate-ovate, turrited, shouldered, sutures crenulated, shin- ing, hyaline to milk-white. Nuclear whorls moderately large, deeply obliquely immersed in the first of the succeeding whorls, only the last half turn of the last volution is visible from the side. Post-nuclear whorls rather high between the sutures, somewhat flattened, the sum- mit of the succeeding whorls falls a little anterior to the periphery of the preceding one, which gives the whorls a constricted appearance at the suture. The whorls are ornamented by strong sublamellar axial ribs, which are thickened and cuspid at the summit; fourteen of these ribs occur upon the first, sixteen upon the third, and twenty upon the penultimate whorl. Intercostal spaces broad and rounded, fully three times the width of the ribs, crossed by narrow, incised spiral lines, which are about one-fourth as wide as the space inclosed between them; twelve of these lines occur between the sutures upon the fourth and penultimate whorls. Periphery and base of the last whorl well rounded, the latter attenuated, marked like the space between the sutures by the prominent continuations of the axial ribs and ten incised strong, spiral lines. Aperture suboval (outer lip fractured), columella short, curved, reenforced by the attenuated base, provided witha strong, oblique fold near its insertion; parietal wall covered by a moderately thick callus, which extends over the umbilical area. The specimen described has six post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 3.4 mm.; diam. 1.5 mm. It belongs to the Petel collection and was labeled Chrysallida plicata A. Adams, Japan. It is not C. plicata A. Adams, but may be one of the following species, of which Adams’s description is not sufficiently diagnostic to make identification possible without authentic material: Chrysallida pupula, consobrina, and casta, all of which appear to belong to the subgenus Pyrgulina. ODOSTOMIA (PYRGULINA) AMANDA Garrett. Plate X VILL, fig. 3. Odostomia amanda GARRETT, Proc. Acad. Nat. Soe-Phila., 3d ser., III, 1873, p. 225 pl. m1, fig. 47. Shell, slender; elongate, conic, milk-white. Nuclear whorls, three; || moderately large, helicoid, having their axis at a right angle to the axis | of the later whorls and scarcely immersed in the first of them. Post- | nuclear whorls moderately rounded, somewhat shouldered, ornamented | by strong rounded vertical or slightly backward-slanting axial ribs which are thickened at the summit to form small cusps. Sixteen of Proc. N. M. vol. xx#—06——23 the fifth, and twenty-six upon the penultimate whorl. Intercostal spaces, about as wide as the ribs, crossed by well-incised, equal and subequally spaced spiral lines which are about one-fourth as wide as the spaces inclosed between them. There are no spiral lines in the intercostal spaces near the summit of the whorls; the first one falls about parallel with the anterior limit of the cuspid summit of the axial ribs: nine lines occur between the sutures on the fourth, eleven on the fifth, and twelve on the penultimate whorl. Periphery of the last whorl very slightly angulated. Base well rounded, marked by strong con- tinuations of the axial ribs, which extend to the umbilical region, and eighteen incised spiral lines in the intercostal spaces; these lines grad- ually become more crowded toward the umbilical region. Aperture moderately large, suboval, somewhat effuse at the junction of the outer lip and columella; posterior angle acute, outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within; columella oblique, slightly curved, and somewhat revolute, reenforced by the somewhat attenuated basal por- tion of the last whorl; provided with a weak oblique fold at its inser- tion; parietal wall without perceptible callus. The specimen described and figured is Garrett’s type. It belongs to the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, where it is entered as No. 58109. It comes from the Viti Islands, has seven post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 31mm.; diam. 1.1 mm. The Peretel col- lection contains a specimen which was collected at Upolu, one of the Samoan Islands. EGILINA, new subgenus. Odostomias having strong axial ribs between the sutures which are interrupted at the periphery by a deep spiral sulcus. Intercostal spaces smooth. Base ornamented by spiral keels, the spaces between which are marked by many very slender axial threads. Type.— Odostomia (Egilina) mariella A. Adams. ODOSTOMIA (EGILINA) MARIELLA A. Adams. Plate XXII, fig. 4. Parthenia mariella A. AbAMs, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VI. 1860, p. 415. Shell small, umbilicated, regularly conic with obliquely truncated apex and deeply channeled sutures; milk-white. Nuclear whorls almost completely immersed in the first post-nuclear whorl; only half of the last volution projects above it. Post-nuclear whorls flattened, marked by strong, very obliquely backward-slanting axial ribs, which are thickened at the summits and constricted a little below the sum- mit, which renders the top of each rib beaded. Anteriorly the ribs are terminated by the posterior margin of the peripheral sulcus; here the ribs expand somewhat and almost fuse, and this expansion gives | no. 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. 355 them a subnodulose effect at this point. Intercostal spaces smooth, about as wide as the axial ribs, decidedly depressed in the middle—that is, between the bead at the summit and the nodules at the periphery. Periphery of the last whorl deeply sulcate. Base well rounded, marked by about nine spiral lirations, the posterior one of which is decidedly wider than the rest; the depressed spaces between the lira- tions are marked by fine axiaPthreads. Both the spiral lirations and the spaces between them gradually diminish in width from the periph- ery to the umbilical area. Aperture suboval, posterior angle acute, columella strongly oblique, somewhat revolute, reenforced by the some- what attenuated base and provided with a fairly strong oblique fold near its insertion; parietal wall covered by a thick callus, which gives the peristome a continuous appearance. On the last whorl the first basal keel appears above the sutures, which is therefore not channeled like the sutures of the preceding whorls. The specimen described has four post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 1.8 mm.; diam. .8 mm. It belongs to the Peetel collection and comes from Japan. It was labeled Parthenia pagodula A. Adams, but is not that species. ODOSTOMIA (MIRALDA?) JAMAICENSIS Clessin. Plate XVI, fig. 6. Miralda jamaicensis Cunsstx, Martini-Chemnitz, Conchylien Cabinet, 2d ed., Pyramid., 1900, p. 262, pl. xxx1tv, fig. 6. | Shell elongate-ovate, turrited, milk-white. Nuclear whorls two, small, helicoid, obliquely half immersed in the first of the succeeding volutions. Post-nuclear whorls moderately rounded, strongly tabu- ‘lately shouldered at the summit, ornamented by broad, slightly | rounded spiral keels, three of which occur between the sutures on the | first and second, and four upon the penultimate whorl. The posterior ‘one of these keels is situated at the summit of the whorl! and is not as | wide as the others, and appears as if it might be strongly crenulated ‘in well-preserved specimens. The second keel also shows traces of -erenulations.. The incised channels between the keels are about one- ‘fourth as wide as the keels and are crossed by very fine, raised, quite ‘closely spaced, backward-slanting axial threads. Periphery and base of the last whorl well rounded. The latter marked by a strong raised ‘spiral keel on its middle and a lesser tumid area at the umbilical ‘region; the space between the middle keel and the periphery appears to be without spiral sculpture. The entire base is crossed by lines of ‘growth. Sutures very strongly channeled. Aperture large, broadly ‘oval, somewhat produced at the junction of the columella and lip; ‘posterior angle obtuse, outer lip rather thick; columella strong, curved, reenforced by the attenuated base and provided with a moder- ‘ately strong oblique fold near its insertion. . 356 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, There are two specimens in the Berlin collection, No. 28742, from Jamaica, obtained by Verkruzen; they have the aspect of Bowden bed fossils. The best preserved individual has four post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 2.1. mm.; diam. 1.2mm. If the specimens prove to be not crenulated, but simply spirally keeled, then it will have to be transferred to the subgenus Odetta: Clessin’s tigure of this species“ is se wretchedly poor. R ODOSTOMIA (MIRALDA) DIADEMA A. Adams. Plate XVII, fig. 2. Parthenia diadema A. Apams, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., V, 1860, p. 479. Shell small, subovate, minutely umbilicated, with the summits of the whorls decidedly tabulated, white. Nuclear whorls two, moderately large, helicoid, about one-third immersed in the later whorls. Post- nuclear whorls moderately rounded, decidedly tabulated at the summit, ornamented by rounded, axial ribs which quickly diminish in strength as they pass from the summit of the whorls to the periphery; sixteen of these ribs occur upon the second, and twenty upon the penultimate whorl. The ribs are thickened at the anterior termination of the shoulder and render it decidedly crenulated. Intercostal spaces a little wider than the ribs. In addition to the axial ribs the whorls are marked by strong spiral cords, two of which can be seen between the sutures on the first and second and four and one-half upon the penulti- mate whorl; the junction of the posterior one of these two cords and the axial ribs form a series of tubercles. The anterior cord is only slightly tuberculated, the ribs extending only feebly to it. Periphery and base of the last whorl well rounded, the latter decidedly attenuated and marked by seven subequal and subequally spaced spiral keels. Aperture large, suboval, posterior angle very obtuse, outer lip thick, columella reenforced by the attenuated base, curved, provided with a conspicuous oblique fold near its insertion; parietal wall covered by a moderately thick callus. There are two specimens of this species in the Berlin collection, col lected in Japan and obtained from H. Adams. The better preserva one of the two has been described. It has five post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 2.8-mm.; diam. 1.2 mm. ODOSTOMIA (MIRALDA) GEMMA A. Adams. Plate X“XTI, fig. 1. Chrysallida gemma A. Apams, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VIII, 1861, p. 302. : 7 Shell small, elongate-conic, slender, slightly umbilicated, white. § Nuclear whorls at least two, obliquely about half immersed in the first of the later whorls. Post-nuclear whorls flattened, with strong # Martini-Chemnitz, Conchylien Cabinet, 1900, p. 262, pl. xxxIv, fig: 6, ¢ z ‘ Ew No. 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. 357 tabulated and crenulated Fainits: eter ds by ghrée strong, rounded, subequally spaced, spiral keels and rounded axial ribs between as sutures; the latter extend from the summit to and over the second keel, but not over the sulcus separating this from the third. The junctions of the axial ribs and spiral keels form strong tubercles. Sulcus between the second and third keel deep, decidedly deeper than the peripheral sulcus, both of which, as well as the sulci of the base are crossed by minute closely placed, axial raised threads. Base of the last whorl well rounded, somewhat attenuated, marked by five strong, rounded, subequal and subequally spaced spiral keels. Aperture oval, posterior angle acute, outer lip wavy, columella short, curved and slightly revolute, provided with a quite strong oblique fold near its insertion; parietal wail covered by a moderately thick callus. The specimen described and figured belongs to the Ptel collection and comes from Japan. It has six post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 3.2mm.; diam..8mm. The U.S. National Museum has a speci- men, No. 185889, from H. Adams, also from Japan. ODOSTOMIA (MIRALDA) species? The Pretel collection contains another specimen of J//ralda which is in every way heavier than 0. (J/.) diadema A. Adams. It is, how- ever, so badly worn that positive identification at the present time is impossible. It has five post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 2.2mm.; diam.1.4mm. It is labeled Wralda diadema A. Adams, and comes from Japan, but is not that species. ODOSTOMIA (MENESTHO) EXARATISSIMA, new name. Plate XIX, figs. 3, 7. = Menestho exarata A. ADAms, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VIII, 1861, p. 303, not Parthenia exarata, CARPENTER, 1856. Shell elongate-conic, soiled white. Nuclear whorls at least two, moderately large, helicoid, one-half obliquely immersed in the first post-nuclear volution, the periphery projecting slightly beyond the left outline of the spire. Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, very slightly shouldered, marked by faint lines of growth and well incised spiral lines, which are not all of the same strength nor are they equally spaced. Six of these appear upon: the second, and seven upon the penultimate whorl between the sutures. Periphery and base of the last whorl well rounded, the latter sculptured like the space between the sutures, bearing six incised lines which are not quite as strong as those between the sutures. Aperture oval, effuse at the junction of the outer lip and the columella, posterior angle obtuse, outer lip thin, but opaque, columella short, curved, somewhat sevalite: reenforced By the attenuated base, parietal wall covered by a faint callus. Kee » 398 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. There are five specimens OF this species in the Berlin collection. They were obtained by Hilgendorf at Hakodate, Japan. The one above described has six post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 4.2mm.; diam. 1.9mm. There is considerable diversity in the expres- sion of the incised spirals in the several specimens; in one they are almost obsolete on the base, One individual is decidedly more obese than the rest (fig. 3). It has six post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 4.5 mm.; diam. 2.5 mm. Another badly-worn individual from Japan was labeled Vanesta evarata A. Adams. ODOSTOMIA (ODETTA) LECTISSIMA, new species. Plate X XIII, fig. 3 Shell elongate, ovate, milk-white. Nuclear whorls moderately large, almost buried in the first post-nuclear whorls, only the tumid periph- ery of the last volution and a mere speck of another turn are visible. Post-nuclear whorls inflated and strongly, slopingly shouldered, orna- mented between the sutures by five spiral keels, the posterior one of which is much less developed than the rest and occupies the space at the suture on the shoulder. The other four are strong, well rounded, subequal and subequally spaced. The first one is at the shoulder, and the anterior edge of the fourth bounds the peripheral sulcus. The sulci between these spiral cords are deep, a little wider than the cords and crossed by very regular and regularly spaced, backward-slanting, raised axial threads, which, were they not interrupted by the spiral keels, would form continuous lines from the summits to the umbilical region. Base of the last whorl short, well rounded, somewhat pinched behind the columella but not perforated, sculptured like the space between the sutures, having five spiral keels. Aperture large, some- what produced at the junction of the outer lip and the columella; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, decidedly wavy in outline, showing the external sculpture within; columella straight, slender, somewhat revolute, with a weak fold near its insertion which is not apparent when the aperture is viewed squarely; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. The type belongs to the Pretel collection and is from Japan. It has four post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 1.7 mm.; diam. .1’mm. ODOSTOMIA (ODETTA) FELIX, new species. Plate X XI, fig. 2. Shell broadly elongate-conic, turrited, subdiaphanous. Nuclear whorls small, almost completely obliquely immersed, only part of the last rounded volution is visible above the first of the later whorls. Post-nuclear whorls somewhat inflated, well rounded, moderately shoul- dered, marked by strong, equally developed, spiral keels which are separated by subequal, deep, rounded sulci. The latter are somewhat — 1 “ J no. 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. 359 threads. Three keels are present upon the first and second, on the third a fourth keel appears partly at the suture, but the greater part of it is covered up by the summit of the succeeding volution. The penultimate whorl has four keels, the posterior one of which marks the summit and is a little wider than the rest and somewhat flattened. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a sulcus. Base well rounded, attenuated, ornamented like the spaces between the sutures, having six spiral keels. These keels, as well as the sulci, gradually diminish in breadth from the periphery to the umbilical region. Aperture oyal, outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within; columella rather heavy, somewhat curved, backed up by the attenuated base and pro- vided witha strong oblique fold at its insertion; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. The type belongs to the Peetel collection and comes from Japan. It has five and one-half post-nuclear whorls and measures: long, 2.6 mm. ; diam., 1.3 mm. It was labeled Avalea liruta A. Adams, but is not that species. The U.S. National Museum has two specimens of Odostomda (Odetta) lirata A. Adams, from the author, which are much smaller, more slender, more oval, and less prominently sculptured than the present species. ODOSTOMIA (ODETTA) CIRCINATA A. Adams. Plate X XIII, fig. 6. Oscilla circinata A. Apams, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, p. 311. Shell elongate-oval, subdiaphanous. Nuclear whorls small, almost completely immersed in the first post-nuclear whorl, only the rounded two-thirds of the last volution are visible, and those indicate that the axis of the nuclear turns must be at a right angle to the axis of the later whorls. Post-nuclear whorls moderately well rounded, the last one somewhat inflated, shouldered, marked by strong, broadly rounded, subequal and subequally spaced spiral keels, which are separated by deep, rounded sulci, which are about as wide as the keels. The sulci are crossed by extremely fine and very closely spaced axial raised threads which pass up on the sides of the spiral keels, but do not cross their summits. The second and third whorls bave three keels between the sutures. On the third the posterior keel at the summit of the whorl, which is a little wider than the other two, shows a spiral stri- ation on its middle. This grows gradually stronger as the shell advances, until on the penultimate whorl it has divided this keel into two, the posterior one of which is a little less developed than the ante- rior one, which resembles the other between the sutures. The summit of the last whorl falls considerably below the periphery, showing five spiral keels between the sutures on the penultimate whorl. Periphery of the last whorl sulcate, sulcus like the rest and similarly sculptured. 360 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vot. Xxx Base w rell tocmdeds somewhat attenuated anteriorly, sculptured like the spaces between the sutures, having seven spiral keels; these keels diminish somewhat in size from the periphery to the umbilical area. Aperture subovate, posterior angle acute, outer lip thin, wavy, show- ing the external sculpture within, columella decidedly curved, reen- forced anteriorly by the attenuated base, provided with a very strong, acute, oblique fold near its insertion; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. There are two specimens of this species in the Petel collection. ‘The one described and figured has five post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 2.1mm.; diam.1mm._ This species closely resembles Odostomia (Fvalea) lirata A. Adams. It is, however, more compact than that species and has two more spiral keels on the base. QO. (£’.) (7rata is not an Evalea, but belongs to the subgenus Odefta; the name should read Odostomia ( Odetta) lirata A. Adams. ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) SITKAENSIS Clessin. Plate XVII, fig. 8. Odostomia sitkaensis CLEssIN, Mart. Chem. Conch. Cab., 2d Ed., Pyramid., 1900, p: 121; pl ixxx hg. i: Shell elongate-conic, very regular in outline, yellowish white, shining. Nuclear whorls almost completely | in the first of the succeeding volution. Post-nuclear whorls moderately rounded, rather high between the sutures, slightly shouldered at the summits, marked by many fine lines of growth and numerous fine wavy spiral striations; the latter are more regularly developed and distributed than the lines of growth. (Our figure does not show the spiral mark- ings.) The periphery of the last whorl marks the greatest diameter of the shell. The base, though rather long, falls off rather abruptly at the periphery, then tapers gradually to the anterior end of the colu- mella; it is marked like the spaces between the sutures. Aperture large, oval; posterior angle acute, outer lip decidedly curved, almost patulous, thin; columella long, slender, gently curved, and some- what reflected, provided with a moderately strong, oblique fold near its insertion. Parietal wall without callus. The Berlin collection contains two specimens of this species—No. 26232, which were collected by F. Schmidt, at Sitka, Alaska. We have described and figured the most perfect of the two, which we con- sider Clessin’s type. This specimen measures: long. 4 mm.; diam. 2 mm. Clessin’s figure is worthless, as usual. 3 F No. 1452 NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLID#—DALL AND BARTSCH. 361 ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) CULTA, new species. Plate X XVI, fig. 9. Shell regularly conic, umbilicated, yellowish white. Nuclear whorls apparently planorboid, very obliquely, almost completely, immersed in the first of the later whorls, only a portion of the last volution being visible. Post-nuclear whorls rather high between the sutures, slightly rounded (almost flattened), and subtabulately shouldered at the sum- mits, marked by fine lines of growth and very many subequal, wavy, closely spaced striations. (These have not been indicated in our draw- ing.) The whorls are somewhat angulated at the periphery and the summit of succeeding whorls falls a little anterior to the periphery, which gives the suturesa decidedly channeled effect. Base of the last whorl large, rather prolonged, well rounded, marked by spiral stria- tions which are equally as abundant as those between the sutures but somewhat stronger. Aperture moderately large, suboval, somewhat effuse anteriorly, posterior angle obtuse, outer lip thin (fractured), columella slender, curved, reflected partly over the moderately large umbilicus, provided with a strong, acute, oblique fold near its insertion; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. The type was collected at Hakodate, Japan, by Hilgendorf. It has six post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 4 mm.; diam. 1.8 mm. This is a moderately large species characterized by its spiral stria- tions, regular conic outline, and the constricted appearance of the whorls at the channeled sutures. It is evidently related to Odostomia (Lvalea) arcuata A. Adams. ODOSTOMIA (AMAURA) MARTENSI, new name. Plate X XV, fig. 5. Odostomia curta CLEsstx, Mart. Chem. Conch. Cab., 1900, p. 116, pl. xxvimt, fig. 3. Not Odostomia curtum Desnayes, An. Sans. Vert. Paris Basin, 1864, p. 551, pl. ix, figs. 9-11. Shell ovoid, heavy, yellowish white, nuclear whorls small, almost completely-immersed in the first of the succeeding yolutions. Post- nuclear whorls increasing regularly and rapidly in size, inflated, sub- tabulately shouldered at the summit, marked by numerous fine lines of growth and equally abundant, closely placed, wavy, spiral striations. These lines of growth and spiral markings give the surface a finely reticulated appearance when viewed under high magnification. (We have omitted this sculpture in our drawing, which should be considered as an outline sketch only.) Periphery and base of the last whorl decidedly rounded and inflated, marked like the space between the sutures. Aperturelarge, suboval, slightly effuse anteriorly, posterior angle acute; outer lip sharp at the edge but thick within; columella very strong, curved, reenforced by the body whorl from which the q : 362 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. slightly reflected edge is separated only by a narrow line. A strong oblique fold, not completely visible when the aperture is viewed squarely, is located a little anterior to the insertion of the columella. The type has five post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 5.3 mm. ; diam. 3.1 mm. Clessin gives the diam. as 1.3, evidently a transposi- tion. He also cites the registration No. as 36336, while it should be 36335. His figure almost represents this species. The type comes from Killisnoo, Alaska, not Japan. ODOSTOMIA (AMAURA) KRAUSEI Clessin. Plate XXIII, fig. 2. Odostomia krausei, CLesstx, Mart. Chem. Conch. Cab., 2d ed., Pyramid., 1900, p. 115, pl. xxvut, fig. 1. Shell elongate-conic, thick and heavy, rough through erosion, yel- lowish white. Nuclear whorls decollated in the type (judging from the pit in the apex they are probably deeply, obliquely immersed). Post-nuclear whorls only moderately rounded, somewhat shouldered at the summit (surface decidedly eroded). Periphery and base of the last whorl well rounded, the latter with a minute umbilical chink. Aper- ture auricular, somewhat effuse anteriorly, posterior angle scarcely acute; outer lip very thick; columella thick, reflexed, with a broad, strong, oblique fold, a little anterior to its insertion; parietal wall covered by a thick callus. The type has six post-nuclear whorls and measures: long, 9.9 mm. ; diam. 5 mm. It was collected by Krause at Killisnoo, which is in Alaska and not in Japan as stated by Clessin. The registration num ber of his type in the Berlin Museum is also wrong; the specimen described and figured by him is 36335 and not 36336 «ss given in his account of the species. The U. S. National Museum has two lots, one specimen, 159454, from Killisnoo, collected by Krause, and another, No. 159471, from Kadiak. They are both much eroded and can furnish no additional data to our text. Clessin’s figure cited above, will not enable any one to recognize this form. ODOSTOMIA (ODOSTOMIA) DESIMANA, new name. Plate XXV, fig. 3. Plate XX V1, fies? Odostomia lactea Dunwer, Mal. Blitt., VI, 1860, p. 234; also Moll. Jap., 1861, q i p. 17, pl. x1, fig. 4, not Odostomia lactea J. G. Jerrreys, Ann. Mag. Nat. 7 Hist., I], 1848, p. 348 (=Turbonilla lactea Lixnxus), nor Odostomia lactea ANGAS, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, p. 112, pl. xi. Shell regularly elongate-conic, milk-white. Nuclear whorls small, obliquely almost completely immersed in the first of the succeeding whorls, only the periphery of the last two being visible. Post-nuclear G No. 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDE—DALL AND BARTSCH. 368 whorls rather high between the sutures, very slightly rounded, slightly angulated at. the periphery and scarcely at all shouldered, marked by scarcely perceptible lines of growth, and here and there by a faint trace of some very fine microscopic spiral lines. The summit of suc- ceeding whorls falls somewhat anterior to the periphery of the pre- ceding turns, which gives a slightly constricted appearance at the well- impressed suture. Periphery of the last whorl faintly angulated; base large, well rounded, narrowly umbilicated and somewhat effuse at the junction of the lip and columella, posterior angle acute, outer lip (fractured), thin, columella long, slender, almost straight, some- what revolute, bearing a strong oblique fold near its insertion; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. The specimen described is Dunker’s type which comes from Desima, Japan. It is not quite mature, having seven and one-half post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 5.3 mm.; diam. 2.2mm. The Dunker col- lection contains an additional specimen from Nagasaki, Japan, of which we also give a figure. This is adult. It has nine post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 6.7 mm.; diam. 2.8 mm. The chief differ- ence between this and the young shell lies in the aperture, the outer lip in this case being rather patulous. The Peetel collection has one specimen from Nagasaki, Japan. ODOSTOMIA (ODOSTOMIA) MAURITIANA, new species. Plate XX VI, fig. 6. Shell small, umbilicated, elongate-ovate conic, semitransparent, pol- ished. Nuclear whorls two and one-half, moderately large, helicoid, elevated, about one-fifth immersed in the first of the succeeding whorls and having their axis at a right angle to them. Post-nuclear whorls flattened, angulated at the periphery and weakly shouldered at the summit; the latter falls somewhat anterior to the periphery of the pre- ceding whorl and lends to it a somewhat constricted appearance at the well-impressed suture. The whorlsare marked by extremely fine, closely placed, wavy spiral striations, which are visible only under very high magnification. Periphery of the last whorl somewhat angu- lated. Base very broad, gently rounded, somewhat pinched at the nar- row umbilicus. Aperture elongate-ovate, somewhat prolonged at the junction of the outer lip and columella; posterior angle acute, outer lip thin, somewhat effuse, columella slender, decidedly curved, slightly revolute, provided with a prominent oblique fold at its insertion; parietal wall covered by a strong callus which lends the peritreme an almost continuous appearance. The specimen described and figured belongs to the Peetel collection and comes from Mauritius. It has five post-nuclear whorls and meas- ures: long. 2.1 mm.; diam. 1.1 mm. 364 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 88%. OLOSTOMIA (ODOSTOMIA) HILGENDORFI Clessin. Plate XXIV, fig. 5. Odostomia hilgendorfi CLessin, Mart. Chem. Conch. Cab., 2d ed., Pyramid., 1900, p. 119, pl. xxvin, fig. 5. ie Shell broadly elongate-conic, very regularly tapering, subturrited, milk-white. Nuclear whorls two and one-half, small, helicoid, well rounded, moderately elevated, about one-third immersed in the first of the later whorls, having their axis almost at a right angle to them. Post-nuclear whorls rather high between the sutures, flattened, sub- — tabulately shouldered at the summits and decidedly angulated at the — f periphery, marked by lines of growth and extremely fine, microscopic, — i | closely placed, wavy, spiral striations. The shouldered summits of | succeeding whorls fall quite a little anterior to the angulated periph- — ery, giving the whorls a decidedly constricted appearance at the sutures, which appears decidedly channeled. Periphery of the last — whorl decidedly angulated. Base slightly rounded, marked like the spaces between the sutures. -Aperture suboval, posterior angle obtuse (outer lip fractured), thick; columella strong, curved, provided with — a prominent lamellar plate at its insertion; parietal wall covered by a | moderately thick callus. The specimen described is Clessin’s type and was collected by Hil- gendorf at Hakodate. It has seven post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 5 mm.; diam. 2.4mm. There is a possibility that this may be one of A. Adams’s species of Odostomia. The description of Odosto- mia subangulata A. Adams reads not unlike this, but absence of meas- urements, etc., make it impossible to be certain. Clessin’s figures, as usual, fail to delineate the characters of this form. No trace of the peripheral angulations is shown. a oor ree ODOSTOMIA (ODOSTOMIA) LIMPIDA, new species. Plate XXVI, fig. 7. a to ts ati ctl i GNI A aly ae segregate yam nl Shell slender, elongate-conic, semitranslucent, shining. Nuclear whorls moderately large, almost completely obliquely immefsed in the first of the succeeding whorls; the peripheral edge only of the last volution is visible above this. Post-nuclear whorls rather high between the sutures, slightly rounded (almost flattened), faintly shouldered at the summit, apparently without axial or spiral sculp-— ture. The whorls are feebly angulated at the periphery, and the sum- mits of succeeding turns fall a little anterior to it, which renders the sutures well impressed. Base of the last whorl large, rounded, very — narrowly umbilicated. Aperture large, subovate, somewhat produced at the junction of the outer lip and columella, posterior angle acute, outer lip thin; columella slender, decidedly curved and somewhat C8 RGR 2 6 CO No. 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. 865 Ponotntce provided with” a 1 prominent lamellar fold aut its insertion; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. The type belongs to the Pretel collection and is from Japan. It has ‘six post-nuclear whorls and measures: Long., 3.6 mm.; diam., 1.5mm. It was labeled Amathis pellucida A. Adams. This appears to be a nomen nudum, as the only reference” to that we have been able to find gives the following statement: Amathis pellucida A. Adams= Menestho pellucida A. Adams.’ It is very probable that the part of the manuscript relating to the species was omitted. It is not Voluta (= Odostomia) pellucida Dillwyn.° A badly worn shell, perhaps an Odostomia s. s., very elongate and | umbilicate, bears the name Amathis concinna A. Adams, and comes from Japan. Amathis concinna appears to be a nomen nudum for the reasons cited under Odostoi/a (Odostomia) limpida. ODOSTOMIA (HEIDA) PANAMENSIS Clessin, Plate XX VI, fig. 4 Odostomia panamensis CLEssin, Mart. Chem. Conch. Cab., 2d ed., Pyramid. 1900, Del202- pls xcxvinrs tion 9: Shell small, heavy, elongate-ovate, whorls increasing regularly in size, milk white, shining. Nuclear whorls small, almost completely obliquely immersed in the first of the succeeding volutions. Post- nuclear whorls moderately and evenly rounded, of porcellanous tex- ture, without any apparent marking, separated by well marked sutures. Periphery of the last whorl full and rounded. Base inflated, well rounded. Aperture small, decidedly rissoid, almost channeled ante- riorly, posterior angle acute; outer lip decidedly curved backward anteriorly, very thick within but beveled to form a sharp edge; colu- mella extremely short, somewhat reflected and connected posteriorly with the very strong parietal callus, which is fully as thick as the edge of the outer lip and connects with it at the posterior angle of the aperture, thus forming a complete peristome. A prominent oblique fold is present on and a little anterior to the insertion of the columella. There are two specimens of this species in the Berlin collection from Panama. We have considered the best preserved individuals, which evidently served Clessin for his description and figure as his type, and have here rediagnosed and figured it. It has six post-nuclear whorls |;and measures: Long., 3.1 mm.; diam., 1.5 mm. Clessin for some Secu enic reason changed the characters of the aperture in the above-cited figure to fmnonie with the typical Odostomia aperture. He seems to have failed entirely in recognizing || the Does o the present Speck #Ann, Mag. Nat, eee VIII, 1861, p. 304. eer Mag. Nat. Hie. 1860, cCat. I, 1817, p. 508, ic 366 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. _ VOL. XXX. O. (Heida) panamensis Clessin represents the first member of this subgenus on the west coast of America; several additional species inhabit the southeast coast. GEOGRAPHICAL TABLE. AFRICA. Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) secura, new name. Odostomia ( Odostomia) mauritiana, new species. AMERICA. ATLANTIC Coast. West Indies. Pyramidella ( Triptychus) niveus Morch. Odostomia ( Miralda) jamaicensis Clessin. Mexico. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) crenulata Menke. Paciric Coast. Alaska. Odostomia (Evalea) sitkaensis Clessin. Odostomia (Amaura) martensi, new name. Odostomia (Amaura) krausei Clessin. Mexico. Pyramidella ( Longcheus) bicolor Menke. Pyramidella ( Pharcidella) hastata A. Adams. Pyramidella (Pharcidella) moffati, new name. Panama. Odostomia ( Heida) panamensis Clessin. AUSTRALIA. Pyramidella (Tiberia) pusilla jacksonensis, new subspecies. CHINA. Pyramidella (Syrnola) brunnea A. Adams. HAWAII. Pyramidella ( Cossmannica) aciculata A. Adams. JAPAN. Pyramidella ( Tiberia) pulchella A. Adams. Pyramidella ( Tiberia) japonica, new species. Pyramidella ( Tiberia) pusilla A. Adams. Pyramidella ( Tiberia) trifasciata A. Adams. Pyramidella ( Tiberia) dunkeri, new name. Pyramidella | Actropyramis) eximia Lischke. Pyramidella (Actxopyramis) fulva A. Adams. No. 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLID.E—DALL AND BARTSCH. Pyramidella (Actxopyramis) casta A. Avene. Pyramidella (Actxopyramis) lauta A, Adams. Pyramidella (Actxopyramis) amoena A. Adams. Pyramidella (Actwxopyramis) punctigera A. Adams. Pyranidella (Acteopyramis) digitalis, new species. Pyramidella (Styloptygma) serotina A. Adams. Pyramidella (Syrnola) cinnamomea A, Adams. Pyramidella (Syrnola) brunnea A, Adams. Pyramidella (Iphiana) lischkei, new species. Pyramidella (Iphiana) tenuisculpta Lischke. Pyramidella (Agatha) virgo A. Adams. Turbonilla ( Chemnitzia) abseida, new species. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) dunkeri Clessin. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) approximata, new species. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) multigyrata Dunker. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) acosmia, new species Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) actopora, new species. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) infantula, new species. Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) monocycla A. Adams. Turbonilla ( Pyrgisculus) candidissima, new name. Turbonilla ( Pyrgiscus) mumia A. Adams. Turbonilla (Cingulina) cingulata Dunker. Turbonilla (Cingulina) cingulata laticingula, new subspecies. Turbonilla (Mormula) aulica, new name. Turbonilla (Mormula) philippiana Dunker. Turbonilla (Laneella) bella, new species. Turbonilla ( Babella) cxlatior, new name. Odostomia ( Trabecula) tantilla A. Adams. Odostomia ( Parthenina) meta, new species. Odostomia (Chrysallida) duaw, new species. Odostomia ( Pyrgulina) lecta, new species. Odostomia ( Pyrgulina) alveata A. Adams. Odostomia ( Egilina) mariella A. Adams. ( Odostomia ( Miralda) diadema A. Adams. Odostomia ae gemma A, Adams. Odostomia ( Miralda), species? Odostomia ( Menestho) exaratissina, new species. Odostomia ( Odetta) circinata A. Adams. Odostomia (Odetta) lirata A. Adams. Odostomia ( Odetta) felix, new species. Odostomia ( Odetta) lectissima, new species. Odostomia ( Evalea) culta, new species. Odostomia ( Odostomia) hilgendorfi Clessin. Odostomia ( Odostomia) limpida, new species. Odostomia ( Odostomia) desimana, new species. Odostomia ( Odostomia), species? SOUTH SEA ISLANDS. Pyramidella (Cossmannica) aciculata A. Adams. Turbonilla ( Nisiturris) crystallina, new species. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) garretliana, new name. Odostomia ( Pyrgulina) @manda Garrett. Odostomia { Pyrgulina) densecostata Garrett. Odostomia (Pyrgulina\ densecostata upoluensis, new subspecies. 367 368 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 2XPLANATION OF PLATES. The measurements cited after the name refer to the axial length of the specimen. Puate XVII. Fic. 1. Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) mumia A. Adams; 3.5 mm.; p. 343. 2. Idostomia (Miralda) diadema A. Adams; 2.38 mm.; p. 306. 3. Turbonilla (Pyrgisculus) candidissima, new name; 6.7 mm.; p. 342. 4. Odostomia (Chrysallida) dux, new species; type; 1.8 mm.; p. 350. . 5. Pyramidella (Styloptygma) serotina A. Adams; 3 mm.; p. 334. 6. Odostomia (Miralda ?) jamaicensis Clessin; type; 2.1 mm.; p. 359. 7. Turbonilla (Nisiturris) crystallina, new species; type; 4.6 mm.; p. 341. 8. Odostomia (Hvalea) sitkaensis Clessin; type; 4 mm.; p. 360. 9. Turbonilla (Babella) celatior, new name; 4.4 mm.; p. 347. wi Pirate XVII. Fig.-1. Odostomia ( Pyrgulina) densecostata upoluensis, new subspecies; type; 3.7 mm.; p. 351. 2. Pyramidelia (Agatha) virgo A. Adams; 13.7 mm.; p. 335. 3. Odostomia (Pyrgulina) amanda Garrett; type; 38 mm.; p. 353. 4. Odostomia ( Pyrgulina) densecostata Garrett; type: 4mm.; p. 350. 5. Turbonilla (Mormula) philippiana Dunker; 5.3 mm.; p. 345. PLATE XIX. Fig. 1. Pyramidella (Actxopyramis) amena A. Adams; 7 mm.; p. 330. 2. Pyramidella ( Acteopyramis) punctigera A. Adams; 5.4 mm.; p. 331. 3. Odostomia (Menestho) exaratissima, new name; 4.8 mm.; p. 357. 4. Pyramidella ( Actxopyramis) casta A, Adams; 11.3 mm.; p. 329. 5. Pyramidella ( Actxopyramis) lauta A. Adams; 7 mm.; p. 329. 6. Pyramidella ( Actxopyramis) digitalis, new species; type; 2.2 mm.; p. 331. 7. Odostomia ( Menestho) exaratissima, new name; 4.2 mm.; p. 357. PLATE XX: Fie. 1. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) approrimata, new species; type; 8.2 mm.; p. 337. 2. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) infantula, new species; type; 2.1 mm.; p. 338. 3. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) dunkeri Clessin; type; 6.2 mm.; p. 336. 4. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) multigyrata Danker; type; 11.5 mm.; p. 335. 5. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) acosmia, new species; type; 8.4 mm.; p. 339. 6. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) actopora, new species; type; 6.8 mm.; p. 338. Prats XXI. Fie. 1. Turbonilla ( Cingulina) cingulata Dunker; type; 7.4 mm.; p. 344. 2. Odostomia ( Odetta) felix, new species; type; 2.6 mm.; p. 358. 3. Turbonilla (Cingulina) cingulata laticingula, new subspecies; type; 4 mm.;_ p. d44. 4. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) abseida, new species; type; 8.4 mm.; p. 337. 5. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) garrettiana, new name; type; 7.4 mm.; p. 339. 5. Turhonilla ( Chemnitzia) crenulata Menke; type; 8.6 MM<;p: 340. No. 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDE—DALL AND BARTSCH. 369 PraATE XXII. Fia. 1. Odostomia (Miralda) gemma A. Adams; 3.2 mm.; p. 356. 2. Odostomia (Pyrgulina) lecta, new species; type; 3.4 mm.; p. 352. 3. Odostomia ( Trabecula) tantilla A. Adams; 2.6 mm.; p. 348. 4. Odvstomia (Kgilina) mariella A. Adams; 1.8 mm.; p. 354. 5. Odostomia (Pyrgulina) alveata A. Adams; 2 mm.; p. 351. 6. Turbonilla (Lancella) bella, new species; type; 7.5 mm.; p. 346. 7. Turbonilla (Mormula) aulica, new name; type; 9.6 mm.; p. 345. 8. 4 .rbonilla (Strioturbonilla) monocycla A. Adams; 4.3 mm.; p. 342. Puate XXIII. Fic. 1. Pyramidella (Actxopyramis) eximia Lischke; cotype?; 18.1 mm.; p. 327. 2. Odostomia (Amaura) krausei Clessin; type; 9.9 mm.; p. 362. 3. Odostomia ( Odetta) lectissima, new species; type; 1.7 mm.; p. 358. 4. Pyramidella (Actxopyramis) fulvua A. Adams; 20.3 mm.; p. 328. 5. Odostomia (Parthenina) meta, new species; type; 2.1 mm.; p. 349. 6. Odostomia ( Odetta) circinata A. Adams; 2.1 mm.; p. 359. PLATE XXIV. Fig. 1. Pyramidella (Cossmannica) aciculata A. Adams; 14.2 mm.; p. 326. 2. Pyramidella ( Tiberia) japonica, new species; type; 6.1 mm.; p. 324. 3. Turbonilla (Nisiturris) crystallina, new species, nucleus much enlarged; p. 341. 4. Pyramidella (Syrnola) brunnea A. Adams; 17.6 mm.; p. 332. 5. Odostomia (Odostomia) hilgendorfi Clessin; type; 5 mm.; p. 364. 6. Pyramidella (Tiberia) pusilla A. Adams; 6.4 mm.; p. 324. 7. Pyramidella (Syrnola) brunnea A. Adams; a portion much enlarged to show spiral sculpture; p. 332. 8. Pyramidella (Cossmannica) aciculata A. Adams; a portion much enlarged to show spiral sculpture; p. 326. PrarE XXV. Fia.1. Pyramidella (Iphiana) lischkei, new species; type; 4.6 mm.; p. 333. 2. Pyramidella (Tiberia) dunkeri, new name; type; 5 mm.; p. 326. 3. Odostomia ( Odostomia) desimana, new name; 6.7 mm.; p. 362. 4. Pyramidella ( Tiberia) pule hella A. Adams; 12.2 mm.; p. 323. 5. Odostomia (Amaura) martensi, new name; type; 5.8 mm.; p. 361. 6. Pyramidella ( Tiberia) trifasciata A. Adams; 6 mm.; p. 325. Pirate X XVI. “1a. 1. Pyramidella (Syrnola) cinnamomea A. Adams; 4.2 mm.; p. 332. 2. Odostomia (Odostomia) desimana, new name; type; 5.8 mm.; p. 362. 3. Pyramidella (Iphiana) tenwisculpta Lischke; 10.4 mm.; p. 334. 4. Odostomia (Heida) panamensis Clessin; type; 3.1 mm.; p. 365. 5. Pyramidella (Iphiana) tenuisculpta Lischke; a portion el enlarged to show spiral sculpture; p. 354. 6. Odostomia ( Odostomia) mauritiana, new species; fede 2.1 mm.; p. 363. 7. Odostomia (Odostomia) limpida, new species; type; 3.6 mm.; p. 364. 8. Pyramidella (Liberia) pusilla jacksonensis, new subspecies; type; 6.1 mm.; p- 325. 9. Odostomia ( Evalea) culta, new species; type; 4 mm.; p. 361. Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——24 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XVII MOLLUSKS OF THE FAMILY PYRAMIDELLIDA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 368. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XVIII aE MOLLUSKS OF THE FAMILY PYRAMIDELLIDA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 368. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XIX MOLLUSKS OF THE FAMILY PYRAMIDELLIDA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 368. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XXiI U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Ny» ‘ -8-* a we * ¢ vm. % ee De = 2 HARE ‘Came wana k bea) ; BBL oe oi 44 “Gi, e MOLLUSKS OF THE FAMILY PYRAMIDELLIDA./ FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 368. XXII VOL. XXX PL. PROCEEDINGS, ILY PYRAMIDELLIDA. = March 15, 1905; Foster, No. 102. 874 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. Corumbaé, Matto Grosso, Brazil. (H. H. Smith.) [U.5.N.M.] Four males, one female. > These specimens exhibit considerable variation in structure and in color, as is found in any series of the species. Several of the Corumba individuals appear to be close to gracilis, being slenderer than usual, but the lateral carinee are not partially obsolete as in that form. As stated above, it is possible that gracilis may be only an extreme form of this species. The specimens from Pernambuco are duller and more uniform than the other individuals, but this is probably due to alcoholic collecting. The Chapada series is more variegated and richly colored than any of the other specimens. The individual from St. Thomas is quite small and rather robust, but does not appear separable when compared with a large series of this species. CGOCY TOTES? TEX Rehan 1900. Fenestra Bruner (not of Giglio-Tos, 1895), Acc. Gen. Spec. Locusts Argent., pp. 22, 30. 1906. Cocytotettic Ren, Proc.-Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1906. COCYTOTETTIX LINEARIS, new species. Types. —Male and female; Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil. Septem- ber. (H. H. Smith.) [Cat. No. 8300, U.S.N.M.] Apparently. allied to C. argentina (Bruner), but differing in the longer, slenderer tegmina, the slenderer caudal femora, the lack of ereen on the costal margin of the tegmen and of cinnabar red on the base of the wings. No close relationship exists with the other two species of the genus— CO. pulchripennis (Bruner) and intermedius (Bruner)—as they both have the tegmina considerably expanded in the male and the wings strongly vermilion or rose-red proximad. Size medium: form slender; surface slightly rugulose. Head slightly longer than the pronotum, moderately produced in the female, considerably produced in the male, the dorsum when viewed laterad quite flat; fastigium with its greatest width but slightly greater than — the interspace between the eyes, the extension beyond the eyes being — slightly less than the greatest width, the distal angle acute with the immediate apex blunt, lateral margins elevated and distinct, as is also the median longitudinal carina, which, ina much weaker form, extends cxudad over the occiput; face strongly retreating in the male, consid- | erably in the female; lateral foveolx not distinct, ventrad; frontal costa with the lateral margins parallel ventrad, constricted toward the fas- tigium, the costa excavated but not sulcate, a trace of a median ridge | present dorsad; eyes rather elongate ovoid, about twice the length of © a Ace. Gen. Spec. Locusts Argent., p.31. [Carcarafia, Santa Fé, Argentina.] 4) No, 1453. SOUTH AMERICAN GRASSHOPPERS—REHN. A) the infra-ocular sulcus in both sexes; antenne about as long as (male) or distinctly shorter (female) than the head and pronotum together, distinctly but not strongly ensiform, more marked in the female than in the male, apex acute. Pronotum moderately deplanate dorsad, the greatest width contained about once and a half in the length in both sexes; cephalic margin subtruncate, caudal obtuse-angulate, rather rounded in the male, lateral margins carinate, subparallel; metazona very slightly shorter than the prozona in the male, distinctly, though not greatly so, in the female; median carina very distinct, cut only by the principal sulcus; lateral lobes subquadrate, the greatest dorsal length slightly greater than the depth, ventral angles rectangu- late. Interspace between the mesosternal lobes slightly longitudinal in the male, very distinctly longitudinal in the female; metasternal lobes contiguous caudad in the male, subcontiguous in the female. Tegmina slender, elongate, exceeding the abdomen considerably and the tips of the caudal femora slightly in both sexes, apex rounded; a broken irregular intercalary vein, more distinct distad and evanescent proximad present in both sexes. Cerci styliform, rather robust, some- what exceeding the supra-anal plate; subgenital plate produced into a compressed process with an acute apex. Caudal femora slender, mod- erately inflated in the proximal half; caudal tibize bearing eleven or twelve spines on the lateral margins. General color mars brown dorsad, wood brown ventrad; spines of the caudal tibize with blackish tips. The female bears distinct seal brown lines extending from the vertex to the caudal margin of the pronotum mesad of the lateral carine, anda parallel pair from the eyes to and over the pleura, where they merge into a single bar. Lat- eral carine of the pronotum and a pair of lines on the head, which are cephalic continuations of the carinal stripes, ocher yellow; ventro- lateral portion of the head and the ventral section of the lateral lobes buff. Caudal femora with the dorsal section of the pagina clouded with dull blue brown. Measurements. Male. | Female. | mm. mim. Meron Om DON yess ess ase lean aceteea ecco st | 20.5 26.3 Length of pronotum ..-- + 3.5 4.3 MES VOOM MIME ooo sic Sade hi aee Soon iB) Die? LensthioticwudalTeminr..225 2.2 oc feces aoa 13.0 16.0 Two paratypic females have been examined, one taken in August, the other in September. These specimens both represent the uniform type of coloration exhibited by the male, the August specimen, how- ever, having the ventro-lateral section of the head and the ventral portion of the lateral lobes yellowish, while there are traces of the yel- lowish lines on the head and pronotum. 876 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. TOXOPTERUS Bolivar. TOXOPTERUS MINIATUS Bolivar. Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil. April, November. (H. H. Smith.) [U.S.N.M.] ‘Two males, three females. The remarks previously made by the author“ regarding the color variations of this species apply to the material examined in this connec- tion. One male specimen has distinct parallel black lines on the head and flanking the median carina of the pronotum. This phase was also noticed in one specimen from Sapucay, Paraguay. The above record connects the localities from which the species has been recorded, and shows it is apparently of regular occurrence through at least the upper Amazonian and Madieran region and that of the Paraguay as far south at least as the vicinity of Asuncion. STAU ROR ECGingiS Gigiio—ltes- KEY TO THE FORMS. This key is purely artificial and merely tentative, as two species are only known from one sex, one from the male, the other from the female. Until the unknown sexes are secured no key based on structural characters can be made. A. Caudal femora without or with rather indistinct pregenicular annuli of yellow. Size medium or large. Tegmina of male slightly exceeding the abdo- men. B. Greatest width of the fastigium considerably greater than the length. Caudal tibiee of female reddish or purplish. Colors green and brown with buff. Form rather robust. C. Size large; female ranging from 30 to 38 mm. in length of body. longicornis Giglio-Tos. CC. Size medium; female ranzing from 28 to 30 mm. in length of body. longicornis variegatus, new subspecies. BB. Greatest width of fastigium slightly greater than the length. Caudal tibize of female glaucous. Colors green and brown without buff. Form slender..2c0N i. i ee eee glaucipes Rehn. AA. Caudal femora with very pronounced pregenicular annuli of yellow. Size small. Tegmina of male much shorter than the abdomen. brevipennis, new species. STAURORHECTUS LONGICORNIS Giglio-Tos. Corumba, Matto Grosso, Brazil (highland). Mareh. [U.S.N.M.] Two males, three females. One of the females belongs to the color phase with the dorsum of the pronotum uniform smoke brown, while one has the lateral carinz of the pronotum more constricted than the others. The records of this species now cover from Caiza, Bolivia, and Corumba, Brazil, to Cordoba, Argentina. 4 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1906. No. 1453. SOUTH AMERICAN GRASSHOPPERS—REHN. SEE ' STAURORHECTUS LONGICORNIS VARIEGATUS, new subspecies. Types.—Male and female; Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil. April. (A. H. Smith.) [U.S.N.M., No. 9487.] This form is a smaller race of S. dongicornis inhabiting the vicinity of Cuyaba, but the extent of its range is not known. Compared with Corumba specimens of typical dong7cornds, it shows, in addition to the smaller size, a comparatively more robust form and a slightly broader eye. The color forms found in the typical race are probably all found in this form, two being present in the material examined, types @ and c,” the type specimens both belonging to the former. Measurements. | | Male. | Female. mm. mm. MEMS DLN Ot Oise ete oe 2 «ee eee aces Pai leas) 28.2 ENA Eh Ot PLOMOPUN oes te ot Soe ces 4.0 5.2 Wen theO ibe pIMe Ms lessees seis koe on ae aioe 15.5 18.8 Hheneth ol cendal-femum: 2.2 S225" o-2 55 eo | 14.5 | 18.6 One male and two females from the type locality have also been examined. The months represented are April and May. STAURORHECTUS BREVIPENNIS, new species. | Type.—Male; Corumba, Matto Grosso, Brazil (highland). March. (G. H. Smith.) [U.5.N.M., No. 9488. ] This species differs from the preceding in the smaller size, abbrevi- ated tegmina, aborted wings, the more compressed fastigium and pronotum, and the shorter subgenital plate. , Size small; form moderately slender. Head with the occiput slightly -ascending and arched, not exceeding the pronotum in length; fas- tigium acute with the apex blunt; in length less than the space be- _tween the eyes, moderately excavated; lateral foveole lateral in posi- | tion, moderately impressed and without definite form; face moderately retreating, with the dorsal section vertical and narrowly rounded into | the dorsum of the fastigium; frontal costa with the margins subparallel (to the ocellus and very gradually diverging thence to the clypeus, slightly expanded between the antenne, moderately sulecate dorsad, (the ventral section excavate from margin to margin, but not sulcate; eyes ovoid, nearly twice the length of the infra-ocular sulcus; antenne about twice the length of the head and pronotum together, depressed but ‘not expanded proximad, rounded distad. Pronotum half again as long ‘as the caudal dorsal width; cephalic margin arcuate with a slight median truncation, caudal margin slightly rotundato-angulate, a very faint trace of constricted lateral carinz present; median carina very distinct, @Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1906. 3 78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, intersee ted but once; prozona twice the length of the metazona, the latter distinctly rugoso-punctate; lateral lobes slightly longer than deep, caudal margin with an arcuate emargination, ventral margin | with the caudal half obliquely descending, the cephalic half roundly emarginate. Interspace between the mesosternal lobes subquadrate, very slightly broader than long; metasternum with the lobes she attingent. Tegmina about half again as long as the head and pronotum together, falling considerably short of the apex of the abdomen, — inflated; costal margin strongly arcuate in the distal half, sutural margin straight, apical margin acute-angulate with the apex rounded; marginal field quite narrow and with practically no dilation, inter- calary vein strong, arcuate, immediate apex with subquadrate areas, anal field subequal in width for almost the entire length. Wings extremely short. Abdomen very slightly compressed; supra-anal plate subtrigonal, slightly longer than the proximal width; cerci styli- form, slender, slightly exceeding the apex of the supra-anal plate; subgenital plate conical, moderately produced, the apex blunt when viewed laterad, the ot margin compressed and carinate distad Cephalic and median limbs rather slender, of medium size. Caudal femora nearly equal to the body in length, moderately expanded proximad, the pagina regularly and dighactly sculpieeed the genicular region with the lobes extending well below the level of the ventra surface; caudal tibie slightly shorter than the femora, slightly sinuate, lateral margins bearing nine or ten spines, the entire tibiz and tarsi supplied with long hair. General color of the head and pronotum lemon yellow, a pair of black lines extending from the lateral borders of the fastigium, broad- ening caudad of the eye to half the depth of the same and extending to the caudal margin of the lateral lobe of the pronotum of which if occupies half the depth; dorsal margin sharply defined, ventral mar gin blending somewhat into the yellow color; eyes prouts brown; antenn tawny-olive proximad, blackish distad; face slightly washed |} | with dull greenish, the infra-ocular suture marked with the same colo i, Pleura lemon-yellow with a narrow blackish dorsad bar. Tegmina 7} ; pale tawny-olive. Abdomen dull gallstone yellow, the apex dull 1}, ocher yellow. Cephalic and median limbs oil green; caudal femo r ochraceous, with the genicular region black and a very distinct pre= 7} | genicular annulus of gamboge yellow; caudal tibiz with the genicular 7} ; region black, then clear malachite green blending into olive-green, (| ; with the distal portion paler than the median, spines with black; tarsi} ; near pale chromium green. ‘ fl th x No. 1453. SOUTH AMERICAN GRASSHOPPERS—REHN. 379 Measurements. | mm. En atubOL boy pe ee as an tos ae een cee a eeetiee iio | 18.0 Heneth.of pronoun... 202 yews kee sien nee on ceee Pet eB45 TENS MUO MCCS MUM Are see penis w See Renee wet woe Seise eee 8.5 ene thromeanie ailienmine= ss. cease sere cee ee oe eS 12.0 An additional paratypic male has also been examined. Aside from the fact that the antennze are somewhat darker it does not differ from the type. BORELLIA, new genus. Allied to Staurorhectus Giglio-Tos, but differing in the head, which is not elevated, and with the face mies less retreating, the ancien lateral foveole and carinz of the angle of the pees and frontal costa, the slenderer and shorter antenne, the more robust caudal femora, the shorter and thicker male cerci and the shorter and less produced male subgenital plate. Type.—Borellia carinata, new species. I take pleasure in dedicating this genus to Dr. Alfredo Borelli, of Turin, Italy, who has contributed greatly to our knowledge of South American Orthoptera by careful field work in the Gran Chaco region, furnishing the basis for Doctor Giglio-Tos’s exhaustive papers on the Orthoptera of northern Argentina, Paraguay, and southern Bolivia. BORELLIA CARINATA, new species. Types.—Male and female; Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil. June. (H. H. Smith:) [U.S.N.M. No. 9486. ] Size small; form moderately robust; surface glabrous. Head slightly longer than the pronotum, the occiput very gently arcuate but not distinctly elevated; fastigium slightly declivent, the angle rectangulate (male) or distinctly obtuse-angulate, the extension beyond the interocular region being slightly (male) or very consider- ably (female) less than the width of the latter, dorsum of the fastig- ium moderately excavated; lateral foveole dorsad, distinctly impressed with the margins well raised and complete, oblong in shape, the length slightly more than twice the width; face moderately retreating, the dorsal section rounded, more so in the female than in the male, which is also the case with the angle of the face, the male having it more marked and less rounded Dee in the female; frontal costa acute dorsad, regularly expanding ventrad and reaching the clypus, very slightly con- stricted at the ocellus, distinctly but not deeply sulcate in both sexes; eyes subovoid, slightly more acute and slenderer in the male than in the female, very distinctly longer than the infra-ocular sulcus in both sexes; antenne but very slightly exceeding the head and pronotum in length, slightly depressed proximad. Pronotum gently rounded 380 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. soseads cephalic. margin very 7 eenaly aeCunte ‘Manel margin obtuse- angulate in both sexes, distinct lateral shoulders present on the meta- zona, rounded on the prozona; prozona and metazona subequal in length, the metazona regularly but not very deeply punctate; median ‘arina cut only by the principal sulcus, traces of constricted lateral carine present except mesad, and much more distinct in the female than in the male; lateral lobes very slightly longer than deep, the ‘audal margin slightly sinuate, the ventral with an irregular median obtuse angle. Interspace between the mesosternal lobes very slightly longitudinal in the male, very slightly transverse in the female; meta- sternal lobes subattingent in the male, approximate but very dis- tinctly separate in the female. Tegmina considerably exceeding the apex of the abdomen, and slightly exceeding the tips of the femora; marginal field of the male distinctly but not greatly dilated, traight in the female, a slight proximal lobe present in both sexes; a distinct but sinuate intercalary vein present, the sinuate character being due to the very numerous short transverse nervures extending from the median and ulnar vein and in this way slightly diverting the vein from a direct course; ulnar area broad in the male, with several straight cross veins but no longitudinal vein, ulnar area narrow in the female and with a distinct longitudinal dividing vein; anal field irreg- ularly reticulate in both sexes. Wings with the greatest width con- tained about twice in the length. Abdomen slightly compressed; supra-anal plate subobovate in shape, the apex blunt, surface without sulci except grooves paralleling the lateral and apical margins; cerci rather short, styliform, acute, very slightly longer than the supra-anal plate; subgenital plate somewhat inflated, bullate, the apex a slight, blunt tubercle. Cephalic and median limbs short, distinctly inflated in the male; caudal femora robust, moderately inflated, and regularly tapering to the narrowest section which is immediately pregenicular, pagina distinctly and regularly sculptured; caudal tibize distinctly shorter than the femora, lateral margins armed with ten spines, inter- nal spurs subequal; tarsi provided with large arolia. General color burnt umber, the male with a touch of olive and with- out distinct maculations except a series of weak brownish spots on the— ulnar area of the tegmina, which are hyaline suffused with the gen- eral color, and the dull brownish tips of the otherwise hyaline wings. The female is marked on the dorsum of the head and pronotum with a broad bar of apple green extending back from the vertex, while the pronotum and head bear more or less distinct longitudinal lateral touches of several shades of brown, and the spots on the tegmina are distinct, subquadrate, and blackish, but more distad than in the male. Caudal femora with the ventral surface ochraceous, the lateral faces touched with dull greenish and the genicular region blackish; caudal tibie ochraceous-rufous, dull buff distad, the spines and spurs tipped with black; tarsi buffy. No. 1453. SOUTH AMERICAN GRASSHOPPERS—REHN. 381 Measurements. Male. Female. mim, mm, Meno UNOMD OC Vixens oaeo os sasot> eos ese cess 18.0 Di Men Site pron OLUMM 2 =) sc. ¢ 2+ sce ani- So eee 3.5 4.3 eno Gh OLiermMens cocci anti oo- Ss ceecire cae 14.5 17.5 Lencthyvotcaudal femur .2222.<.5555..2524- 10.5 12.5 Three paratypic females taken in April and June have also been examined. No important difference between these and the type has been noticed. Several of the specimens have one or both of the caudal femora with ten spines on the lateral margins, while the intensity of the dorsal green bar is subject to variation. The paratypic specimens have the lateral aspects of the head paler and greenish instead of dark as in the type, leaving a distinct bar extending from the dorsum of the eye back to and over the dorsum of the pronotum. SRE REOTETTIX,«¢ new genus: This genus is closer related to Borel/ia Rehn, than any other genus of the group. From this it differs in the position of the lateral fov- eole, the presence of distinct parallel lateral carinze on the pronotum, in the very narrow discoidal field of the tegmen, in the much more transverse interspace between the mesosternal lobes and the more elongate and strongly sulcate supra-anal plate of the male. Superticially, this genus much resembles Huplectrotettix Bruner, a member of the Seyllini. Type.— Stereotettix paralogistes, new species. STEREOTETTIX PARALOGISTES, ” new species. Types.—Male and female; Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil. June. (> Hi. Smith:) (U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 9490. ] Size very small; form moderately robust. Head slightly shorter than the pronotum; occiput gently arcuate, in the female a little more elevated dorsad of the level of the pronotum than in the male; fas- tigium extending beyond the eyes a distinct slightly or considerably less than the narrowest portion of the interocular region, the angle rectangulate in the male, subrectangulate in the female, the dorsum with an apical crescentic depression which leaves the margins in relief; lateral foveole ventrad of the fastigial margin and not visible from the dorsum, except the sections toward the frontal costa, elongate lanceolate, very deeply impressed; angle of the face con- siderably retreating, the apex truncate, forming a right angle with the fastigium; frontal costa rather acute dorsad, regularly expanding @ Srepeos stuble, terr1é, grasshopper. » TWapadoyi6rnys, one who deceives by false calculation, 382 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, from the ocellus to the clypeus, distinctly but not deeply suleate dorsad, impressed ventrad, this becoming less apparently toward the clypeus; eyes moderately prominent in the male, less so in the female, reniform ovate in outline, very considerably or slightly longer than the infra-ocular sulcus; antennz considerably (male) or slightly (female) longer than the head and pronotum together, depressed and very slightly expanded proximad. Pronotum moderately deplanate dorsad; cephalic margin very slightly arcuate, caudal margin obtuse- angulate; prozona distinctly but not very considerably longer than the metazona, the latter thickly but not very deeply punctate; median carina distinct, cut only by the principal sulcus; lateral carine distinct, nearly parallel, with a very slight constriction from the first to third sulci in the male, and in the female apparently with a very slight divergence through the entire length, all three transverse sulci inter- secting these carinz; lateral lobes about as deep as the dorsal length of the lobe, ventral margin rounded mesad. Interspace between the mesosternal lobes distinctly transverse in both sexes; metasternal lobes attingent (male) or subattingent (female). Tegmina falling slightly short of the apex of the abdomen and very considerably short of the tips of the femora in the male, or exceeding the abdomen and equaling the femora in the female; marginal field expanded in both sexes, but stronger in the male than in the female; a broken or sinuate inter- ‘alary vein present in both sexes, but more distinct and continuous in the female than in the male; apex rounded, sutural margins nearly straight, wings reaching to the tips of the tegmina when in repose. Abdomen considerably compressed; supra-anal arched, elongate trigo- nal in shape with a longitudinal median depression; cerci rather slender styliform, reaching to the apex of the supra-anal plate; subgenital plate conic, the apex bluntly tuberculate, and extending ‘very little beyond the supra-anal plate. Cephalic and median limbs of medium size, slender; caudal femora moderately robust, pagina distinctly but rather shallowly sculptured, the genicular region slightly inflated; caudal tibiz distinctly but not considerably shorter than the femora, armed with 8 spines on the lateral margins; internal spurs unequal but the difference is not as great as seen in Scy//ina and allied genera; arolia of the caudal tarsi of medium size, trigonal. General color wood-brown, touched dorsad with fawn, a distinct post- ocular bar extending caudad tothe caudal margin of the lateral lobes, rather irregular and broken on the lateral lobes, clove-brown in color; face spotted with bister; antennz dark distad; eyes raw umber; teg- mina with the series of faint dark subquadrate spots on the marginal field. Cephalic and median limbs more or less completely and regu- larly annulate with clove-brown, the annuli of the femora weaker than the tibial and tarsal ones. Caudal femora mesad on the dorso-lateral L 1453. SOUTH AMERICAN GRASSHOPPERS—REHN. 383 white; caudal tibie very faint greenish, the spines tipped with black. i with a trigonal velvety clove-brown spot; lateral faces ivory P Measurements. Male. Female. mm. mim. ene TA OnDOUNEr se a 2 cne ie mias os antcsae netic os 12.0 16.0 Gene TOyOmpreno tums. =a o=2- ate aesee~ soe Bol 3.0 Wiens iotOMteeMment 2 oe see cae esecas eee 7.2. | TES Lenstihroheaudalmemily. 22.2 /-2- 5225-2 sc sn. tae | 9.5 A paratypic series of one male and two females, taken in June and ‘September, have also been examined. Aside from the fact that the ‘fastigium is slightly broader in these females than in the type, no ‘character at variance with those of the types are noticed. TRISTIRA Brunner. ~ 1900. Tristira BRuNNER, Comun. Museo Nac., Buenos Aires, I, No.7, p. 235, fig. Type.—T. bergi Brunner. This very peculiar genus is considered by Brunner to be related to Stauronotus (Dociostaurus), but the general appearance and structure is so different and with so many peculiarities that the type is probably worthy of separation as a group 77/stir7.. This genus in many respects ‘resembles Closteridea Scudder,“ from Chatham Island, Galapagos, and it is quite likely they are closely related. TRISTIRA BERGI Brunner. 1900. Tristira bergi BRUNNER, Comun. Museo Nac., Buenos Aires, I, No. 7, p. 236, fig. [Filaret, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. ] Gregory Bay, Straits of Magellan. (U. S. Fish Commission.) [U.S.N.M.] One male, four females. In all the specimens but one the lateral abdominal carinz are marked With blackish, and in one female the median is the only one of the five not marked.’ BUPne Cir Omen bie Bruner. EUPLECTROTETTIX SCHULZI Bruner. 1900. Euplectrotettix schulze, Bruner, Acc. Gen. Spec. Locusts Argent., p. 41. [ Vicinity of Cordoba, Argentina. ] Cordoba, Argentina. [U.S.N.M.] One male, one female. In these individuals the three femoral dark bars which are moder- @Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., X XV, No.1, p. 9, pl. 1, figs. 4-5. >Brunner’s description says: ‘‘Abdomen compressum, tricarinatum,’’ while one of the specimens in his figureand the material in hand show five caring, one median and two lateral pairs, > ie ‘ 384 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, ately distinct on the dorsal surface are practically obsolete on the external face, the dorso-lateral region being suffused with a longi- tudinal blackish-brown bar. SCYLLINA Stal. SCYLLINA UNIFORMIS, new species. Type.—Female; Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil. April. (H. H. Smith.) [U.S.N.M. No. 9482. | A peculiar species in some respects resembling Bodpedon, the weak and but moderately bowed lateral carine of the pronotum and the rather uniform coloration being distinctive. Size medium; form robust, moderately but distinctly compressed, Head with the fastigium subrectangulate; depressed area crescentic cephalad and becoming indistinct caudad, interspace between the eyes slightly less than twice the width of the dorsal portion of the frontal costa; lateral foveolex indistinct, impresso-punctate; frontal costa tumid, subequal, slightly constricted dorsad, lateral facial carinz dis- tinctly diverging ventrad; fastigium rounding into the frontal costa when viewed laterad; no distinct angle present; eyes acute reniform, slightly longer than the infra-ocular portion of the genz; antennee less than twice the length of the head, depressed except distad. Pro- notum but little longer than greatest width; cephalic margin very broadly obtuse-angulate, caudal margin obtuse-angulate; median carina distinct, somewhat elevated, lateral carina very weak, marked more by callosities than true carinal ridges, moderately constricted, obsolete mesad; transverse sulcus bisecting the median carina very slightly in advance of the middle; lateral lobes very much deeper than long, ven- tral margin obtuse-angulate. Tegmina slightly exceeding the tips of the caudal femora; costal margin arcuate, with a slight basal expan: sion; apical margin obliquely rotundato-truncate; postradial area irregularly areolate and without a distinct intercalary vein. Wings large, costal margin distinctly arcuate distad. Cephalic and median limbs slender. Caudal femora robust, evenly and regularly but dis- tinctly constricted in the pregenicular region, the proximal half con- siderably inflated, external pagina well marked; caudal tibie armed laterad with ten spines, longer internal calcar very slightly more than twice the length of the shorter. General color between liver-brown and chestnut. Head suffused slightly with hoary; eyes tawny-olive; antenne buff. Pronotum deep liver-brown, unicolorous. Tegmina very obscurely blotched with quadrate spots, between which the tegmen is hyaline, except proxi mad, where it is more coriaceous. Wings hyaline, with a very slight greenish-yellow suffusion proximad, apex slightly suffused. Limbs Vinaceous-cinnamon and liyer-brown; caudal femora with very obscure NO. 1453. SOUTH AMERICAN GRASSHOPPERS—REHN. 385 _ dorsal bars, genicular arches blackish, carinz of the lateral face beaded with blackish, ventral sulcus poppy-red; caudal tibie orange-vermil- ion, slightly speckled with brownish on the latero-proximal portion; caudal tarsi near poppy-red dorsad, very dull magenta ventrad. Measurements. = fe ] mm. TU SVaYEA Mae POY YG Ns i ese ese ace Nae 34.0 | METIS TOO PTONO MU erjovcliae ~fas =n ose e eke dee cece eoaee 7.0 GGUS OLOLIG 0 2) 0 Os a a ee he es Se 30.5 enpuho tesa si femiig) 22550 sos) neues eo tae see yeeecioware (2255 A paratypic female was also examined (August). The color of this specimen differs from the type in that it is more brownish, and the caudal femora are distinctly barred dorsad. SCYLLINA BRUNNERI (Giglio-Tos). 1895. Pseudostauronotus brunneri GiGLi0-Tos, Zool. Jahrb., Abth. Syst., VIII, p. 810. [Paraguay. ] Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil. April, August, and September. _(H. H. Smith.) [U.S.N.M.] Five males and two females. This exceedingly variable species is represented by individuals of all the three color phases so well described by Giglio-Tos. Type ‘‘a,” with distinctly marked median and lateral pronotal carine and con- trasted coloration, is represented by two males; type ‘‘b,” with the dorsal surface uniform, but with the pronotal cross moderately dis- tinct and the caudal femora barred, is represented by two females; type ‘‘c,” which is quite uniformly colored without dorsal cross, restricted tegminal maculations and incomplete femoral bars, is represented by three males. This species has been recorded from Paraguay, Caiza, southern Bolivia, and Colon. The latter record, although made by the de- seriber,” appears rather doubtful. SCYLLINA SUFFUSA, new species. Type.—Female; Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil. September. (H. HH. Smith.) [Cat. No. 9483, U.S.N.M.] _ Allied to S. picta and conspersa on one hand and 8. varipes and ‘ smithi on the other. From picta it can be readily separated. by the ) slender build, while conspersa has shorter tegmina, less constricted | lateral pronotal carine, broader frontal costa, and less distinct lat- _ eral foveole. From waripes it can be distinguished by the more arcu- | ate and less retreating face, the distinct lateral foveole, the more arcu- | ate caudal margin of the pronotum, the somewhat less compressed _ body and slenderer limbs; from smthi it can be separated by the ——— @Boll. Musei di Zool. et Anat. Comp., Torino, XII, No. 301, p. 3, 1897, Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06 95 ye 386 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, On SS eee rather broader body, the broader fastigium, the deeply excavated lat- eral foveole, the more angulate caudal margin of the pronotum, and the more rounded face. Size, medium; form slender. Head with the fastigium rather broad, blunt rectangulate, depressed area crescentic, rather shallow, interspace between the eyes over half again as broad as the frontal costa at its narrowest (dorsal) part; lateral foveole elongate, narrow, deeply impressed; fastigium rounding moderately into the frontal costa when viewed laterally; frontal costa narrow dorsad, gradually but slightly ex- panding ventrad, biseriate punctate dorsad of the ocellus; supplementary facial carine precurrent, diverging ventrad; eyes subreniform, slightly longer than the infra-ocular portion of the gene; antenne slender, slightly depressed. Pronotum with the cephalic margin very slightly arcuate, caudal margin narrowly obtuse-angulate, nearly rectangulate; median carina distinct, cut slightly cephalad of the middle, lateral carine distinct cephalad and caudad, subobsolete mesad, distinctly and considerably constricted; lateral lobes over half again as deep as long, cephalic and ventral margins subparallel, ventral margin arcuate obtuse-angulate. Tegmina elongate, extending beyond the apex of the abdomen a distance slightly greater than the length of the prono- tum; costal dilation slight; apex rotundato-truncate; post-radial area irregularly areolate proximad, biareolate distad, a crude intercalary vein present distad. Cephalic and median limbs slender. | Caudal femora slender, proximal enlarged portion considerably inflated, the distal section evenly narrowed, pattern of the pagina regularly and distinctly impressed, genicular region slightly inflated; caudal tibiz armed with ten spines laterad, longer internal spur with the apex sharply hooked, slightly more than twice the length of the shorter. General colors cinnamon and clove brown. Head dark dorsad, with a slight and indistinct post-ocular line and a distinct but narrow infra- ocular line along the suture; eyes dark ferruginous; antenne dark. Pronotum with the light lateral carinz distinct, obscure mesad; lateral lobes with a heavy blotch, as usual in the genus, extending from the principal sulcus dorsad obliquely ventrad to the ventro-cephalic angle, ‘audal portion with several regular dark blotched. Tegmina regularly and subequally blotched, the blotches rather indistinct distad; anal area with small quadrate blotches thickly distributed. Limbs marked with both general colors; caudal femora strongly barred transversely dor- sad, the bars extending obliquely proximad over the dorsal half of the lateral face, dorsal surface with the light areas touched with ferrugi- nous, the light portion of the lateral face inclining toward bone-white, genicular region dark, ventral face very dark wine purple; caudal tibie ranging from very pale buff distad through poppy-red to pur- plish, the lateral faces blotched irregularly with brown, spines black- ish nearly their whole length, spurs with the tips and caudal margins No. 1453. SOUTH AMERICAN GRASSHOPPERS—REHN. 387 blackish; caudal tarsi with the two proximal joints dull purplish with the tips and the third joint ochraceous. Measurements. mm, Wem eplORBOOY = = sets sass merte cage eacie Aouacceee one | 33.0 En SUMO pLOnOuaMihsseese cee seis aas es hese s coon One Length of tegmen ..........- MAS EUEE RSI ot Ghana | 32:0 pelenethioincandal teniun 92-5282 ese-eece sees ese 22.0 The type is unique. SCYLLINA SMITHI, new species. Types.—Male and female; Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil. May (male) and September (female). (H. H. Smith.) [Cat. No. 9484, U.S.N.M.] Allied to S. varipes Bruner but slenderer and differing in the longer tegmina and caudal limbs, the fuller eyes, the subequal lateral lobes and the more constricted lateral carine of the pronotum as well as the longer, straighter, and more hooked major tibial spur. Size medium; form slender. Head slightly ascending; fastigium rounded rectangulate, shallow, crescentic, interspace between the eyes slightly greater than the dorsal width of the frontal costa, lateral foveole oblong, impresso-punctate; angle of the fastigium and frontal costa viewed laterad narrowly rounded in the male, moderately rounded |in the female, face distinctly and strongly retreating; frontal costa sub- equal, slightly constricted dorsad and faintly biseriate punctate; sup- plementary facial carine distinct, diverging ventrad; eyes subtrigonal, reniform, about half as long again as broad, pointed dorsad, dis- tinctly longer than the infra-ocular portion of the gene; antenne ‘slightly depressed proximad. Pronotum with the cephalic margin slightly arcuate, caudal margin obtuse-angulate, the angle broader ‘and more rounded in the female than in the male, lateral carine dis- | tinct cephalad and caudad, obsolete mesad and strongly constricted; (median carina distinct, regular, cut very little cephalad of the middle; iJateral lobes about a third again as deep as long, cephalic and caudal margins straight, subparallel, ventral margin obtuse-angulate, more | rounded in the male than in the female. Tegmina elongate, extend- ling considerably beyond the apex of the abdomen and exceeding the ‘tips of the caudal femora by slightly less than the length of the prono- ‘tum, costal dilation slight, tips rotundato-truncate; postradial area irregularly areolate proximad, roughly biareolate distad, no distinct ‘intercalary vein present in the female, distinct in the male. Caudal | femora elongate, slender, distal inflation considerable, regular, distal ‘third quite slender, pattern of the pagina distinct; caudal tibize with ten to twelve lateral spines, longer internal spur over twice the length of the shorter, rather straight with the tip hooked. q 388 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, General color seal brown and ochraceous, a distinct subequal median line extending from the fastigium to the extremity of the anal area of the tegmina. Head dark above, except for the median line, no distinct postocular bar aside from the dorsal suffusion, a distinct infraocular dark sutural line present in the male, unmarked in the female; eyes ferruginous; antenne ochraceous buff, darkened distad. Pronotum with the lateral carine distinctly marked with the lighter color, weak mesad; lateral lobes with the two base colors intermingled, the usual oblique bar broken in the male, distinct in the female. Tegmina with rather regular transverse bars, heavier and wider distad than proximad, the anal area, except the median line, and angle very dark and hardly maculate in the female. Caudal femora distinctly barred dorsad and obliquely proximad on the lateral faces with darker, the pregenicular dark bar wide, ventro-lateral carina beaded with the dark color, very closely beaded in the male, pregenicular light annulus complete, genicular region dark, ventro-lateral face very dark heliotrope purple, ventro-internal face and sulcus maroon purple; caudal tibize saturn -red proximad blending into dull carmine distad, blotched with brown laterad, spines blackish at least half their length, spurs blackish distad and on the caudal margins. Measurements. Male. Female. | | as mm, mm. Dengtb or POY ~.sce eee at eee | 26.5 31.2 Length of pronotum .....--..... 4.8 5.8 Length’ of teemen\. 25-222 sees 24.3 29.5 Length of caudal femur ......-.- 17.5 20.5 Three paratypic males have also been studied (May and June). These present a great amount of color variation, chiefly, however, in the intensity. The suffusion of the dorsum of the head is limited in some and distinct postocular bars present; the median line is obsolete on the anal area of the tegmina in several, and in these specimens the angle of the tegmina bears a pale line; while several specimens have the lateral lobes with large strongly contrasted blotches of color instead of small irregularly distributed spots. SCYLLINA SCHISTOCERCOIDES, new species. Type.—Female; Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil. (H. H. Smith.) [Cat. No. 9485, U.S.N.M.] Closely allied to S. borrellii Giglio-Tos, from the Rio Apa region, Paraguay, but much smaller and with other differences, such as the distinct blackish blotches on the lateral lobes of the pronotum. Size rather large; form rather slender and superficially resembling species of the genus Schistocerca. Head somewhat ascending; fas- t 4 i * No. 1453. _ SOUTH AMERICAN GRASSHOPPERS—REHN. 389 tigium rounded rectangulate, slightly impressed in the form of a cres- cent, interspace between the eyes slightly more than half again as broad as the dorsal width of the frontal costa; lateral foveole rather weak, punctate; angle of the fastigium and the frontal costa nar- rowly rounded, the face roundly and moderately retreating; frontal costa tumid, strongly constricted dorsad, regularly but slightly ex- panding ventrad of the inter-antennal region, biseriate punctate dorsad of the ocellus; eyes subreniform, rather sharply angulate dor- sad, about equal in length to the infra-ocular portion of the gene; antenne slightly depressed proximad. Pronotum with the cephalic margin slightly arcuate, caudal margin very obtusely angulate, the angle rounded, lateral carine moderately distinct, obsolete mesad, moderately constricted, the carine regularly and moderately diverging caudad; median carina distinct, low, cut slightly in advance of the mid- dle; lateral lobes of the pronotum about a third again as deep as long, the cephalic and caudal margins subparallel, ventral margin obtuse- angulate, slightly emarginate cephalad. Tegmina moderately elongate, exceeding the apex of the abdomen by little less than the combined length of the head and pronotum, exceeding the tips of the caudal femora by nearly the length of the pronotum; costal dilation moder- ate; tips rotundato-truncate; postradial area roughly biareolate distad, no distinct intercalary vein present. Caudal femora slender, proximal portion moderately inflated, distal portion regularly narrowed, pattern of the pagina distinctly and sharply sculptured; caudal tibize with ten lateral spines present, longer internal spurs slightly more than twice the length of the shorter, comparatively straight except for the recurved and hooked tips. General colors prouts brown and ochraceous, a median pale line extending from the fastigium to the tips of the anal area of the tegmina. Head with the median line broad, flanked laterad by large blotches of darker, which replace the postocular bars and extend around the caudal margin of the eye to the infra-ocular sulcus, which is broadly infuscate to the angle of the mandible; eyes cinnamon; antenne pale ochraceous, infuscate distad. Pronotum dark above, excepting the median line, with the lateral carine very faintly marked with lighter; lateral lobes slightly suffused dorsad, the usual oblique blotch very deep in color and large in size. Tegmina with the suffusions rather weak, the dark areas wide and unbroken except distad, costal area hardly suffused. Caudal femora pale, with very slight indications of transverse bars dorsad, lateral face dark brown immediately along the ventro-lateral carina, otherwise unmarked; genicular region brown- ish; proximal two-thirds of the’ ventral surface very dark verditer blue; caudal tibize with the proximal two-thirds orange, distal third very dark verditer blue, spines two-thirds blackish; tarsi washed above with the blue of the tibie. 390 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. Measurements. mm. | Length.of body--;.3..coeee er sence eee Length Ol pronouinine 2 sse-- eee eee eee ib? Leneth of tesmen seers ese en ee eee 39.0 | Length of caudal femur...............-. 24.5 The type is unique. The species superficially bears considerable resemblance to species of the genus Schistocerca, a fact noted by Giglio-Tos in his description of the closely allied S. borelli7. STIRAPLEURA Scudder. STIRAPLEURA BRUNNEA, new species. Types.—Male and female; Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil. August (female) and September (male). (H. H. Smith.) [U.S.N.M., No. 9489. | Allied to S. pallida and obscura Bruner, but differing from the former in the larger head, broader fastigium, constricted pronotum, and more uniform coloration. From S. obscura it differs in the larger size, shallower and narrower fastigium, and shorter but more inflated caudal femora. Size medium; form moderately robust. Head with the fastigium broad, slightly acute-angulate in the male, obtuse-angulate in the female, rounded, depressed area crescentic in the female, semicircular in the male; intérspace between the eyes very little narrower than the greatest width of the fastigium and but slightly more than half again as wide as the dorsal portion of the frontal costa; lateral foveole slightly longer than wide, impresso-punctate; angle of the fastigium and frontal costa when viewed laterad very slightly rounded; face distinctly retreating, slightly arcuate; frontal costa tumid, slightly but gradually expanding ventrad, not sulcate, irregularly punctate; supplementary facial carine distinct, strongly divergent; eyes ovoid, distinctly (male) or slightly (female) longer than the infra-ocular portion of the gene; antenne slightly depressed proximad. Pronotum with the cephalic margin slightly arcuate, caudal margin obtuse-angulate, the angle very nar- rowly rounded; median carina distinct, cut in the middle; lateral carine. distinct cephalad and caudad, obsolete mesad, moderately constricted; lateral lobes about half again as deep as long, cephalic and caudal margins parallel, ventral margin rounded, rotundato-emarginate ceph- ulad. Tegmina extending beyond the tips of the caudal femora by a distance slightly less than the length of the pronotum; veins coarse; tips rotundate; costal dilation slight; postradial area irregularly areo- late with a crude biareolate arrangement distad. Caudal femora con- siderably inflated proximad, constricted distad, the constriction of little i a Pn reco -_ NO. 1453. SOUTH AMERICAN GRASSHOPPERS—REHN. 391 length, pattern of the pagina distinct, sharply cut; caudal femora with nine spines on the lateral margins; shorter tibial spurs about two-thirds the length of the longer, evenly curved. General color dull cinnamon, washed irregularly with seal brown. Head without postocular bar; antennal fossa of both sexes and the infra-ocular sulcus marked with blackish; eyes ferruginous. Prono- tum with a very faint median bar in the female margined laterad by faint blotches of darker color; lateral carine faintly marked with lighter; lateral lobes unicolorous in the male, marked obliquely with a blackish bar in the female, the bar extending from the dorso-caudal to the ventro-cephalic angles. Tegmina obscurely sprinkled with small dark spots, the veins distinctly marked with darker in the female. Caudal femora light with the usual triangular spot on the dorsal sur- face distinct in the male, weak in the female, the lateral face in the female with a longitudinal dark line following the center of the pattern of the pagina, ventral surface pale, unicolorous; caudal tibize dull yel- lowish, blackish proximad with a pale pregenicular annulus, spines blackish for about two-thirds the length. Measurements. Male. | Female. F mm. mm. Bens thor DOV. s-cs.cc ao ~ cae. eee Sede 15.0 2250 length ob prono tums 2 .ce se esce. eee cee eee communis Bruner No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 657 DIPONTHUS PARAGUAYENSIS, new species. About the size and form of YD. schu/zi Bruner, but differing from | that species in having the veins of tegmina, the legs and pronotum, together with body testaceous. The darker portions of head, prono- tum, and legs in this form are dark olive instead of deep black, as in the species to which it has been compared. The present species also lacks the red markings of the head and knees of that insect. Head rather small, the fastigium depressed, the vertex between the eyes a little wider than the broadest part of the frontal costa, the latter of nearly equal width throughout (female) or with the sides decidedly convergent below (male), flat above, sulcate at and below the ocellus. Pronotum short, rather coarsely and profusely punctate above and on sides of hind lobe, the latter a very little longer than the anterior one; hind margin very broadly angulate. Tegmina and wings reaching beyond the abdomen in both sexes. Hind femora as long as the abdomen. The median line of head and pronotum above fades posteriorly, while the oblique lines on the sides of latter are bordered below by a slight infuscation. The cells of the tegmina are fuliginous, with the veins and cross-veins and the edgings of the membrane to a consider- able extent testaceous. This gives to these members the appearance of being testaceous and rather evenly conspersed with dull black. The wings deep rose, the apices pale, with dusky veins. Hind femora crossed above by two dark bands; the outer and inner faces have in addition a basal blotch and the upper half of the genve dark—the latter black; hind tibize olivaceous or testaceous, the apex and hind tarsi infus- cated. Antenne dark colored annulate with paler. Length of body, male 25, female 32; of pronotum, male 4.4, female 5.5; of tegmina, male 22, feniile 98: of hind femora, male 12.5, female 16 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 9724, U.S.N.M. Habitat.—Two specimens, male and female, from Sapucay, Para- euay (coll. L. Bruner); Sapucay, Paraguay, several specimens of both sexes taken by W. T. Foster (coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). It is possible that both D. dispar and D. festivus of Gerstaecker will also be found to occur in Paraguayan territory. One of the species of this genus, 2. communis Bruner, is figured herewith on Plate XXXVIJ, fig. 6 LEPTYSMA Stal. An examination of all the American locusts that fall into the genus Leptysma would indicate that it contains a much larger number of species than generally has been conceded; and, as is recognized at present, it is composed of two series of species, namely, the one more Proe. N. M. vol. xxx—06——42 658 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. robust and belonging to North America, and represented by L. margini- collis; the other more slender and belonging to South America, with L. filiformis as a type. There are at least four readily separable forms of the latter group before me as I write. They may be sepa- rated by the accompanying key: TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES. a. Apex of male abdomen simple, acuminate. Hind tibize with numerous (11 to 17) spines in outer row. Sides of head, pronotum, and pleura with a decided nar- row ferruginous or piceous band. b. Larger (male 27 mm. long). Hind tibize 17-spined. [Central Argentina. ] argentina, new species bb. Smaller (male 25, female 30-32 mm. long). Hind tibiz 11-spined. [Sao - Paulo, Brazil. | 260 oc eee aces es eee eee gracilis, new species aa. Apex of male abdomen complex, provided with two rather widely separated, backward projecting, slender fingers, between and above which there is a large contorted process. Hind tibize with 7 to 11 spines in outer row. Sides of head, pronotum, and pleura less decidedly piceous-banded. b. Smaller and slenderer (male 30, female 33-37 mm. long)----jiliformis (Serville) bb, Larger and more robust (male 33, female 40-43 mm. long) . obscura (Thunberg) LEPTYSMA FILIFORMIS (Serville)? There are + males and 4 females before me from Sao Paulo, Brazil, which are placed here. I am not quite sure, however, of the deter- mination, although the measurement agrees with that given by Ser- ville in his description of the species. This insect is credited to Paraguay by Giglio-Tos, and to Argentina by Stal. LEPTYSMA OBSCURA (Thunberg) ? There are a number of specimens (4 males and 10 females) in the National collection from Sapucay, Paraguay. These were collected by W.T. Foster. The writer also collected in Paraguay, when several specimens of both sexes were taken at San Bernardino. All of these are larger and somewhat more robust than those referred to above as possibly being L. 7/iformis Serville. They have accordingly been placed under Thunberg’s obscura. LEPTYSMINA Giglio-Tos. LEPTYSMINA PALLIDA Giglio-Tos Plate XX XVIII, fig. 1. Leptysmina pallida GiGio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184, p. 30. Habitat.— Although this insect is not represented in the collections at hand, nor seems to have been reported from Paraguayan territory, it was originally described from Resistencia, Argentina, almost on the borders of Paraguay. It is quite sure to be taken later. The writer has a specimen, presumably of this species, taken by himself at Vic- toria, Brazil. ! No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 659 ARNILIA Stal. ARNILIA CYLINDRODES Stal. Opsomala cylindrodes SvAu, Freg. Eugene Resa, Ins. Orthopt., 1860, p. 325.- ' Arnilia cylindrodes Stax, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1873, p. 85. This insect was described originally as coming from Rio Janeiro, Brazil, by its author, and later by himself credited to North Carolina as well. Not having specimens of the genus from Rio Janeiro or other Brazilian localities that agree with Stal’s description, it has not been recognized by me. I am inclined, however, to consider the North Carolina insect as distinct from the Brazilian. Giglio-Tos credits cylindrodes to Paraguay. ARNILIA GRACILIS Giglio-Tos. Two males of a slender Arnzl/ia, which the writer collected in 1897 at San Bernardino, Paraguay are referred here. ARNILIA COCCINEIPES, new species. Related to Arnilia viridis Serville, but a trifle larger and differing from it in several other respects. General color pale green above, without the lateral white lines of v/7/d7s and other related species of the genus. Antenne ferruginous. The dorsum of abdomen also lacks the red of #77dis, while in the present insect the entire hind tibiz are red, instead.of merely the base and apex. Insect more or less distinctly hirsute throughout, but not profusely so except on lower side of abdomen near its apex. Form cylindrical, slender, the tegmina and wings extending considerably beyond the tip of the abdomen; the former acuminate, rather closely veined on basal half, less so on apical half. Head smooth, the occiput as long as the anterior lobe of the pronotum, the eyes rather large and mod- erately prominent, very little more pointed above than below, much longer (nearly twice the length) than the cheeks below them; face strongly oblique; vertex rather broad, nearly (male) or quite as wide as the frontal costa in its broadest part (female); the fastigium fairly prom- inent, a little wider than long, and with the anterior angle somewhat rounded, the margin a trifle elevated; frontal costa prominent above where it is considerably expanded between the base of the antenne; below this with the sides parallel, deeply sulcate throughout. Prono- tum cylindrical, rather shallowly but profusely punctate; the median carina visible only on the posterior lobe; tranverse sulci well defined, the last situated back of the middle; front edge subtruncate, hind edge broadly rounded. Meso-and metapleura closely punctate, pectus smooth. Hind femora moderately robust, shorter than the abdomen in both sexes. Hind tibiz with 7 spines in outer row. Prosternum robust, the apex truncate, rather larger than at base. Last ventral seg- 660 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. ment of male abdomen long and narrow, slightly curved upward, the apical third with the sides nearly parallel, the point blunt, entire; supraanal plate broad on basal half, suddenly contracted on the apical half, and produced into a rather narrow triangle, the apex of which is acute; basal portion bordered with a rather high wali and with two median longitudinal carinze; marginal apophyses, longitudinal carine, and base of lateral border black. Cerci rather robust, of the usual form in this group, unicolorous-pale. Valves of the ovipositor strongly and quite evenly toothed, the serrations deep piceous. Length of body, male, 32; female, 40; of pronotum, male, 5.15; female, 6.5; of tegmina, male, 29; female, 36; of hind femora, male, 15.5; female, 18 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 9736, U.S.N.M. Habitat.—San Bernardino and Asuncion, Paraguay, in September several specimens of both sexes (L. Bruner); 1 female, Sapucay, Par- aguay (W.'T. Foster), in February; Victoria, Brazil, in May (L. Bruner), 1 female. As indicated above, this insect bears some resemblance to Opsomala viridis Serville,” but differs from it in lacking the pale lines on sides of body as well as in the absence of the blood-red markings on the abdomen and the pale band on the hind tibie. OXYBLEPTELLA Giglio-Tos. OXYBLEPTELLA SAGITTA Giglio-Tos. Oxybleptella sagitta GicL10-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184, p. 33, fig. 7. Habitat.—Villa Rica, Paraguay (Giglio-Tos). Not contained in the material before me, but represented by several specimens received from Sao Paulo, Brazil. INUSIA Giglio-Tos. INUSIA PALLIDA, new species. Female.—A pale green insect with the yellowish lower half of sides of pronotum, cheeks, and pleura separated from the dorsal region by a narrow, obscure piceous band. Head, pronotum, and sides of meso- and metathorax profusely but not deeply punctate. Head small, a little narrower than the front edge of the pronotum; the eyes of medium size, not at all prominent, separated above by a space a little broader than the widest part of the frontal costa; fas- tigium horizontal, triangular, about three-fourths as long as one of the eyes, the extreme apex bluntly rounded; frontal costa a little promi- nent, slightly widest between the antenne, sulcate throughout and «Rey. Mét. Ins., Orthopt., p. 77. No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYVAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 661 continuous to the clypeus. Antennz with the basal joints depressed. Pronotum somewhat expanded on posterior lobe, the last transverse sulcus decidedly back of the middle; anterior edge roundly advanced upon the occiput, the posterior margin of disk also broadly rounded, but little elongated. Tegmina and wings extending nearly one-third of their length beyond the apex of the abdomen, the former a little broadened toward the apex, the latter subacuminate. Hind femora moderately robust, almost as long as the abdomen; hind tibiz with 7 spines in outer row and 10 in the inner. Mesosternal lobes with their inner edge evenly rounded, separated by a space nearly as broad as long. Prosternal spine moderately robust, bent backward and acuminate. General color above pale green, the lower portion of cheeks, sides of pronotum; pleura and venter flavous, bordered above from the back edge of eyes to the base of tegmina by a narrow inconspicuous fuscous band. Hind tibize dull plumbeous, the tarsi reddish. Antenne ferruginous. Length of body, female, 27.5; of pronotum, 5.1; of tegmina, 21; of hind femora, 14 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 9787, U.S.N.M. Habitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, a single female specimen (W. T. Foster). The type of the genus, 7. gracillima Giglio-Tos, may reach Para- guayan territory, as it was taken at Caiza, in the Bolivian Chaco. Judging from its description, it must be a much slenderer insect than pallida. Other species of the genus occur in northern South American regions, as well as in Central America and southern Mexico. STENOPOLA Stal. STENOPOLA PUNCTICEPS Stal. Opsomala puncticeps SvAu, Freg. Eugene Resa, Ins., Orthopt., 1860, p. 3265. Stenopola ( Oxyblepta) puncticeps SrAu, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1875, p. 84. Habitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, W. T. Foster, collector. Also re- ported by Giglio-Tos as coming from Paraguay. STENOPOLA BOHLSII Giglio-Tos. Stenopola bohlsii Graii0-Tos, Zool. Jahrb., VIII, p. 813. ? Stenopola puncticeps Gia.10o-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184, p. dl. Habitat.—A number of specimens of both sexes are before me from Sapucay, Paraguay, most, if not all, of which were collected by W. T. Foster. It is represented in the collections of the author and that of the U. S. National Museum. It was described from Paraguayan specimens. 662 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. XXX, PARACORNOPS Giglio-Tos. This genus is based on the insect which has been determined by Giglio-Tos as De Geer’s Acridium longipenne which, according to that author, came from Surinam (Dutch Guiana). Without having material from that country for comparison, it would be a difficult matter to defi- nitely recognize the insect to which De Geer gave the name longipenne. Be this as it may, Stal thought that he recognized in an insect from Brazil De Geer’s species, and placed it in Scudder’s genus Cornops.“ Later Giglio-Tos’ recognized the generic distinctness of Cornops bivit- tatum Scudder and the Acridium longipenne De Geer. He therefore suggested the name Paracornops for the De Geerian species. By a rather careful study of the description and figure it would appear that if De Geer’s insect really occurs in the region under con- sideration in the present paper, and is contained in the material at hand, we will have to tabulate the species as follows: TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES. a. Upper valves of ovipositor provided externally with 4 or 5 large teeth. General color of insect greenish ferruginous above, testaceous on sides and below. More finely and closely punctate. b. Smaller (male 19, female 25 mm.). The lower lateral edges of pronotum some- WHat sINUBte:s:..G2.-o0 nce ee ae ee eae ee eens longipenne (De Geer) bb. Larger (male —?, female 33). The lower edges of pronotum not sinuous. paraguayense, new species aa. Upper valves of the ovipositor provided externally with 6 or 7 small teeth. General color of insect grass-green or olivaceous above, greenish yellow below. More coarsely and sparsely punctate. 6. Punctuation of pronotum and pleura quite regularly distributed, leaving no decided glabrous patches. Hind femora much surpassing the abdomen. aquaticum, new species bb. Punctuation of pronotum and pleura somewhat irregularly distributed, leaving glabrous patches on sides of pronotum and pleura. Hind femora only a trifle surpassing the abdomen <2. 8.6. 22233 deer sees politum, new species PARACORNOPS LONGIPENNE (De Geer)? This insect is included as a Paraguayan species on the authority of Giglio-Tos, who gives its habitat as the province of San Pedro. There are several specimens, male and female, in the writer’s collection which come from Sao Paulo, Brazil, a short distance to the eastward, which have been determined as this species. They are darker colored than De Geer’s description would indicate, but for size and markings would be just about right. Length of body, male, 19, female, 25; of pronotum, male, 4, female, 5; of tegmina, male, 19, female, 23.5; of hind femora, male, 12, female, 15; of antenne, male, 7.5, female, 6.5 mm. _ No synonomy is given for this insect at present, but will be later in a paper under contemplation. aSyst. Acrid., 1878, p. 40. ® Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184, p. 31. = No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 6638 PARACORNOPS PARAGUAYENSE, new species. In color and general appearance very similar to the insect here accepted as the dongipenne DeGeer, but differing from that insect in its much larger size and paler ie It also varies from longipenne in having the lower lateral edges of the pronotum less sinuate, while the prosternal spine in the present species is very long and pence as compared with the shorter and rapidly tapering one of the other insect. Frontal costa scarcely expanding between the antenns, shallowly sul- cate, and-with the carina not converging at the ocellus. Length of body, female, 33; of pronotum, 6; of tegmina, 28; of hind femora, 16.5; of antennee, 8.25 mm. Habitat.—San Bernardino, Paraguay, a single female collected by the writer during the month of September. It was taken among the rank grasses growing in an open glade near a lake. PARACORNOPS AQUATICUM, new species. General color above grass-green, on the sides and below greenish yellow. Sides of head back of the eyes and upper portion of the sides of pronotum and upper portion of pleura, together with a small basal portion of the costal margin of the tegmina, washed with piceous, which marking is most apparent in the male. Head of moderate size, in the male a trifle narrower, in the female about as wide as the front edge of the pronotum, the occiput short; eyes fairly prominent in both sexes, the vertex about as wide female or a little more than one-half the width of the frontal costa (male), the fastigium short, broad, blunt, centrally gently sulcate; frontal costa prominent avers where it is somewhat narrowed, as it is also below the ocellus, shallowly and broadly sulcate; the surface coarsely punctate; punctuations of the face piceous, giving it the appearance of being profusely freckled. Antenne filiform, about equal to (female) or a very little longer than (male) the head and pronotum taken together. Pronotum subcylindrical, a little expanding on the hind lobe, profusely and rather coarsely punctate; median carina percur- rent, but not prominent; the anterior margin roundly advanced upon the occiput, hind margin obtusangulate (male) or subrotund (female). Tegmina rather narrow, their apex subacuminate as compared with longipenne, extending one-third (male) or one-fourth (female) of their length beyond the tip of the abdomen. Hind femora rather robust and long, surpassing the abdomen in both sexes; hind tibiz unusually broad on their apical portion, the outer edge 7-spined. Prosternal spine short, coarse, and blunt, slightly transverse. Last ventral seg- ment of male abdomen short, the sides of apex provided with a blunt tooth; the supraanal plate marked with two narrow subbasal lines and two black dots. 7 664 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. Length of body, male, 19.5, female, 24.5; of pronotum, male, 4.5, female, 5.25; of tegmina, male, 21, female, 24; of hind femora, male, 13, female, 16 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 9738, U.S.N.M. ; FHabitat.—San Bernardino, in Septemher, 1 male, collected by the writer; also a female from Sapucay, April, W. T. Foster, collector. The insects which form the basis of the above description appear to belong together, although the pronotum of the female specimen is much less angulate on the hind margin of its disc than that of the male. The male specimen may be considered the type of the species. PARACORNOPS POLITUM, new species. Very similar to P. aquaticum Bruner, but with shorter and more pointed tegmina. Vertex quite deeply sulcate. The hind femora are shorter and somewhat less robust, while the sides of the pronotum are almost without indications of the piceous band. The pronotum is less profusely punctate on the prozona and has the sides largely without punctures except on the hind lobe. The color of the entire insect isa smoky green inclining to brown. The antenne are shorter than the head and pronotum combined. The prosternal spine is short and rather coarse, cylindrical, the apex blunt. Length of body, female, 25; of pronotum, 5.5; of tegmina, 22; of hind femora, 14.75; of antenna, 6.75 mm. Tabitat. —The single specimen, a female, comes from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where it was taken by myself on some water plants growing in the Botanical Gardens just outside of the city. This specimen is in the writer’s collection. The species may also occur in Paraguay. CORNOPS Seudder. CORNOPS BIVITTATUM Giglio-Tos. Cornops bivittatum Giaiio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184, p. 32. [abitat.—Asuncion, Paraguay (Giglio-Tos). Not in the collections studied. BUCEPHALACRIS Giglio-Tos. The genus Bucephalacris was established by Giglio-Tos“ for an insect which he took to be the Gryllus bucephalus of Marschall.2 Later he recognized it as distinct and described it as B. bore//i/. The writer has specimens from British Guiana that appear to be Marschall’s insect without any doubt. These are quite distinct and do not even fall in the same genus as characterized by Professor Gigh-Tos. “Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Uni. Torino, IX, 1894, No 184, p. 30. » Ann. Wiener Mus., 1835, p. 217, No. 10, pl. xvut, fig. 9. No. 1461. ‘ LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 665 BUCEPHALACRIS BORELLII Giglio-Tos. Bucephalacris borellii Giau1o-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, XIT, 1897, No. 302, p. 31. : Gryllus bucephalus Giaito-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184, p- 31, not Marschall. Habitat.—Credited to the Province of San Pedro, Paraguay, where it was taken by Doctor Borelli (Gigho-Tos). BUCEPHALACRIS PARAGUAYENSIS new species. General form cylindrical, not especially robust, the color dull gray- ish brown, with the lower sulcus and inner face of hind femora deep blood-red; apex of tegmina broadly rounded, a little shorter than both the hind femora and the abdomen; prosternal spine large, short, blunt. Head a little broader than the front edge of the pronotum, nearly as broad as high; face and cheeks rather evenly and profusely punctate, the occiput smooth; eyes large, prominent, strongly divergent, much longer than the cheeks below them; vertex between the eyes rather narrow, about three-fifths as broad as the frontal costa between the base of antenne; fastigium slightly depressed, a little broader than long, widely truncate in front and separated from the facial costa by a strong transverse carina, just back of which are two lateral depres- sions separated by a short posteriorly directed carina or ridge; frontal costa evenly and coarsely punctate, rather broad and prominent above, gently narrowing below, not quite reaching the clypeus, broadly and shallowly suleate, with the bounding walls blunt and smooth, which, about midway between the antenne and clypeus, emits a lateral impune- tate ridge, which extends a little more than half way to the lateral facial carine; antenne filiform; pronotum subcylindrical, the surface rather evenly and profusely punctate, without lateral carine; median carina percurrent, faint, most apparent on hind lobe; anterior edge somewhat advanced upon the occiput, but with the center roundly emarginate, hind border broadly rounded; transverse impressed lines well marked, continuous, the last much back of the middle; pleura and sternum of meso- and metathorax punctate, the mesosternal lobes separated by a space a little longer than broad, the inner edge of the lobes broadly rounded posteriorly; tegmina of medium and equal width throughout, not quite as long as the abdomen, the texture semimem- branous and with comparatively few veins, the apex rounded;. wings as long as tegmina. Anterior and middle legs short, their femora but little enlarged and slightly arcuate. Hind femora moderately robust on basal two- thirds, somewhat compressed, the pinne quite regular in size, the carine low and smooth; tibiz slender, hairy, with 7 spines in outer row; tarsi long and slender, the first and second joints equal in length. Prosternal spine coarse, short, the apex broadly rounded. Valves of 666 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.’ VOL. XXX. transverse rug, apical half slender, scooped out, curved upward and slightly inward; lower pair with a broad basal tooth, the apical half narrowed and curved downward. General color dull grayish brown. Eyes slightly eneous, more or less clearly longitudinally striped anteriorly with dark brown and tes- taceous. Sides of head and upper portion of sides of pronotum show- ing a faint dusky band, below this a paler one; upper edge of clypeus, lower face, and facial carine also paler. Tegmina unicolorous, save that a few of the smaller veins and veinlets above near the base are a trifle paler. Hind wings hyaline at base, the apical portion faintly clouded. Hind femora with indication of three fuscous bands, one basal, one median, and the other preapical, most decided across upper edge, and crossing over to upper edge of inner face. Latter, along with lower sulcus, bright blood-red. Hind tibia dirty plumbeous, infuscated apically. Pectus and venter pale dirty yellow. Length of body, female, 30, of pronotum, 5.1, of tegmina, 17, of hind femora, 14 mm. Habitat.—The type, a single female, was collected by the writer at San Bernardino, Paraguay, during the month of September, 1897. It was taken ina small opening near the edge of a heavy forest, and if memory is not at fault, was collected from the trunk of a small shrub. ADIMANTUS Stal. ADIMANTUS VITTICEPS (Blanchard). Acridium vitticeps BLANCHARD, in D’Orbigny Voy. l’ Amer. Merid., VI., 1837-48, Pt. 2, Insect.,.p. 216, pl. xxvur, fg, 4 Habitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, W.'T. Foster, collector. Specimens of both sexes are at hand. Should this insect prove to be of the same species as Burmeister’s Oxya ornatissima,“ it is quite probable that the Burmeister name would have priority, since D’Orbigny’s work began publishing in 1837 and was not completed till 1843, while the Handbuch was published in 1838. Whether the insects are identical or not they are at least congeneric. ZYGOLISTRON TRACHYSTICTUM Rehn. Zygolistron trachystictum Rean, Ent. News, X VI, 1905, p. 39, figs. 1, 2, 3, male. There are before me as I write 9 males and 3 females of this peculiar locust. Although one would have no difficulty in recognizing the two sexes as. belonging to one and the same species, there is sufficient difference between the two to warrant me in presenting herewith a description of the female which Mr. Rehn had not seen when he drew up his description. “Handbuch Ent., I, p. 636. ma no. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 667 As compared with the male it is much more robust, has a larger head, broader and shorter fastigium of the vertex, less prominent eyes, the pronotum is more coarsely rugose, the tegmina are abbreviated, being only about one-half as long instead of a trifle longer than the abdo- men. The antenne of the female are also correspondingly shorter than in the opposite sex, as are also the hind femora. The valves of the oyipositor are not abnormally developed, being of the ordinary type in species of allied genera. In color the sexes are similar, save that perhaps the females will average a little paler, and in lacking to some extent the row of prominent discal spots of the tegmina. Length of body, female, 54, of pronotum, 11, of tegmina, 20, of hind femora, 21 mm. Habitat—Sapucay, Paraguay, W. T. Foster, 9 males and 3 females collected in February. This genus seems to have some of the characteristics of the Zonio- pode, but lacks the terminal spine on the outer carina of the hind tibie. It also resembles in other respects the genus A/euas which lat- ter genus lacks the terminal spine. Possibly too much stress has been placed by some orthopterists on this spine feature in the arrangement of the genera. I would also suggest the same with reference to the comparative length of the first and second joints of the hind tarsi. ALBUAS Stal. ALEUAS VITTICOLLIS Stal. Aleuas vitticollis SrAu, Syst. Acrid., 1878, p. 69. Habitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, 2 males, W. T. Foster, collector. Reported also from this country by James A. G. Rehn. The following table for the separation of the species of A/ewas will give an idea of the relationship of the previously described forms of the genus, together with the one now characterized: TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES. a. Hind tibize armed externally with 6 or 7 spines. Wings either fully developed or more or less abbreviated. Pronotum strongly rugose-punctate. b, Tibiz normally with but 6 spines on the outer margin. c. Tegmina slightly surpassing the apices of the hind femora ------ vitticollis Stal cc, Tegmina much abbreviated, less than half as long as the abdomen. brachypterus, new species bb. Tibize with 7 spines on the outer margin. Tegmina and wings surpassing tip OMG era GIO TIN STi ae sf raed Settee 5 cd Re Sky os ES ne ae Aa eS eee gracilis Stal aa. Hind tibize armed externally with 8 or 9 spines. Wings always fully developed. Prono timmy not rucOse pPUNGtALG “eae aa4- aes ras See mice ee ee ie lineatus Stal ALEUAS BRACHYPTERUS, new species. Like the previously known species of the genus this insect is pre- vailingly green or greenish olive in color. Its pronotum has the median carina and a line on either side continuous from the hind mar- 668 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. gin of the eyes to the base of elytra black. The hind tibize are green- ish basally and purplish apically; the spines pale, black-tipped. Head as wide as the front edge of the pronotum, smooth above and at the sides. Vertex between the eyes about as broad as the longest diameter of one of the latter, evenly rounded, not sulcate in the least, separated from the face by low, blunt carinzs which meet at the middle in a very obtuse angle. Frontal costa eveniy widening downward, flat, gently punctate, its lateral carine well defined, straight, and con- tinuous to the clypeus; facia! carinze less conspicuous, but plain, a little curved at the base of antenne. Pronotum. subcylindrical, its surface rugosely punctate, the median carina prominent, cut back of middle by last transverse sulcus; lateral carinze obliterated; lower lateral margins heavily bordered, gently undulate; front border a little advanced on occiput, hind edge obtuse-angled. Tegmina a little less than half as long as the abdomen, oblong ovate, the apex drawn out and pointed, the dorsal edges just touching. Abdomen rather strongly sarinate above; valves of ovipositor short, strong, the apices abruptly bent. Hind femora‘slender, not reaching the tip of abdomen. Length of body, female, 54, of pronotum, 12.75, of tegmina, 16, of hind femora, 23.5 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 9721, U.S.N.M. ITabitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, a single female specimen (Coll. L. Bruner); 3 males and 3 females (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). ALEUAS GRACILIS Stal. Aleuas gracilis Svku, Syst. Acrid., 1878, p. 70. Llabitat.—Four male specimens that were collected at Sapucay by W. T. Foster are at hand. Rehn also reports it from Paraguay. ALEUAS LINEATUS Stal. Plate XX XVIII, fig. 10. Aleuas lineatus SvAL, Syst. Acrid., 1878, p. 70. Hlabitat.—This is the most abundant and, at the same time, most widely distributed species of the genus. Specimens are at hand from Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Those from Paraguay come from Sapucay. PARALEUAS Giglio-Tos. The representatives of this genus are of small or medium size and, judging from the material before me, are fairly numerous. Like the species of Jodacris and Omalotettiv they occur among the dead leaves and herbage growing beneath the larger shrubs and trees composing the forests and jungles which prevail over much of Paraguay and Brazil. The three forms at hand and Paraleuas bohisii Giglio-Tos may be sepa- rated by the subjoined table. ae No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. .- 669 TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES. a. Larger (female, 23-26 mm.). Tegmina unicolorous, without maculations. b. Hind femora green, not provided with fuscous annulations externally. Hind BGhecre ROCHE Se few Ne Se ce Ue a ee le See bohisii Giglio-Tos bb. Hind femora brunneo-testaceous and furnished externally with two fairly well- defined dusky bands, most prominent above. Tibize: deep glaucous, infus- ETRE Gs GUUS ms oe ae aa ee degen Pe ee ee he josteri, new species aa. Smaller (female 17.5-20 mm.). Tegmina rather evenly maculate with small fuscous spots. b. Hind femora banded with fuscous both internally and externally. Lower edge of cheeks, pronotum, and pleura not entirely pale (Paraguay). punctipennis, new species bb. Hind femora not banded with fuscous. The lower edge of cheeks, pronotum, and pleura pale banded (Victoria, Brazil)-.----......--.- minor, new species @ PARALEUAS BOHLSI! Giglio-Tos. Paraleuas bohlisii Giet10-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, XIII, 1898, No. aU oe Ove Habitat.—Reported from Paraguay by Giglio-Tos, but not repre- sented in the material now at hand as a basis of this paper. PARALEUAS FOSTERI, new species. Like P. bohlsii Giglio-Tos, the present species has the general appearance of a Stenopola. It is brunneo-ferruginous above, and is provided on the cheeks, lower part of sides of pronotum, and on the pleura with a pale band. «While at Victoria, Brazil, several years ago the writer secured, among other mate- rial which he collected there, several specimens of a small locust which is related to the other species tabulated above. As species of the genus occur over a rather extended range and each may have an extensive distribution, it is thought wise to describe P. minor at this time. As shown by the above table, it is most nearly related to the A. punctipennis which comes from San Bernardino, from which it differs, however, in its considerably smaller size, its somewhat general paler color, and in the presence of well-defined pale lateral bands on sides of head, lower portion of sides of pronotum, and pleura. While it is provided with the fuscous tegmina maculations, minor is without the dusky bands on the hind femora. In the present species the head of the male is very short and much broader than the front edge of the pronotum, and the tegmina and wings slightly surpass both the apex of the abdomen and the tips of the hind femora. The eyes are unusually large and prominent, so as to give to the head when viewed from in front the appearance of being nearly twice as broad above as below. The cheeks below the eyes are less than one-half as long as the greatest diameter of one of them. Hind tibiz colored as in punctipennis, with 8 spines in the outer row. Length of body, male, 13, female, 17.5; of pronotum, male, 2.3, female, 2.8; of tegmina, male, 11, female, 12; of hind femora, male, 8.5, female, 9 mm. Habitat.—Victoria, Brazil, during the month of May, both sexes. (Collection of L. Bruner. ) The present species does not have the second joint of the hind tarsi as nearly equal in length with the first as is the case in punctipennis. 670 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. Head moderately large, a little broader than the front edge of the pronotum, the occiput short; eyes large and prominent, much longer than that portion of the cheeks below them, separated above by a space scarcely as wide as the diameter of the basal joint of the antenne; fas- tigium of the vertex horizontal, moderately large and broadly and very shallowly suleate; frontal costa prominent above the ocellus where it is nearly twice as broad as the narrow vertex, plane, with a few coarse punctures, below the ocellas narrower, less prominent, sulcate and con- tinuous to the clypeus. Antenne rather coarsely filiform, a trifle longer than the head and pronotum together. Pronotum short, cylin- drical, without lateral carinze, strongly and coarsely impresso-punctate, a little expanding on posterior lobe. Tegmina narrow, about as long as abdomen and somewhat surpassing the apex of hind femora. The latter moderately broad at base, but flattened, slender apically. Hind tibie and tarsi rather profusely and longly hirsute, the former pro- vided with 7 spines in outer row. Prosternal spine robust, short, and directed gently to the rear. ? General color above brownish ferruginous, with a well-defined piceous band on the head back of eyes, on upper portion of sides of pronotum and pleura, followed below by a narrower one of flavous, which is again bordered on the lower margin by a darker color that continues to the pectus and venter. Sides of abdomen largely piceous. Tegmina brownish ferruginous, becoming fuliginous apically. Wings much infuscated. Hind femora ferrugineo-testaceous, with traces of two dusky bands across upper edge and black ones internally, the apex black internally on lower half, reddish on upper half, preceded by a pale annulus. Hind tibiz dull plumbeous basally, becoming strongly infuscated apically. Antenne ferruginous. Length of body, female 23, of pronotum 3.8, of tegmina 16, of hind femora 10.5 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 9739 U.S.N.M. fHabitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, 5 females collected during the months of January and February (W. T. Foster). PARALEUAS PUNCTIPENNIS, new species. A somewhat smaller but more robust insect than the preceding and differing from it in lacking the decided pale band on sides of head, pronotum and pleura, in possessing a broader head, larger and more prominent eyes, a shorter pronotum and correspondingly shorter tegmina and wings. The tegmina in punctipennis are somewhat shorter than the abdomen and strongly mottled with fuscous, and the rarine of the hind femora are conspicuously conspersed with black in addition to the darker outer face and much more pronounced fuscous bands. The disk of the pronotum and occiput is dirty gray, more or less conspersed and mottled with fuscous, as is also the face. The aor M4625 7° LIST OF PARMGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. GE eyes are brunneo- testaceous ad aeneous in certain lights. Hind tibie grayish plumbeous, alittle darker apically. Anterior and middle legs conspersed with fuscous. Legs, venter and apical parts of abdo- men strongly hirsute. Second joint of hind tarsi nearly as long as first. Length of body, female 20, of pronotum 3, of tegmina 13, of hind femora 10 mm. Habitat.—San Bernardino, Paraguay. Type.—A single female taken by the writer in September. This insect approaches Bucephalacris in some respects, but the pre- vailing characters are those of /’araleuas. ORTHOSCAPHEUS, new genus. According to Giglio-Tos’ table for the separation of the described genera of South American Acridiine“ the insect upon which the present genus is based would run to /odacris. The peculiar structure of the ovipositor, as compared with that of /. ferruginea, will, how- ever, separate it from that genus, as will also several other characters. Face, pronotum, and pleura strongly punctate. Female front sub- vertical, very slightly advanced between the antenns: when viewed laterally; frontal costa very broad and fairly prominent above the ocellus, where it is without suleation and nearly impunctate, at and below the ocellus a little narrower, suleate and continuous to the clypeus. Eyes fairly prominent, alittle longer than the cheeks below them, front edge nearly straight, the back side broadly rounded; ver- tex between the eyes about as broad as the basal antennal joint, the fastigium broadly triangular, its front edges meeting in an obtuse angle, narrowly and shallowly sulcate in the middle. Antenne presum- ably filiform (the only specimen at hand is without them). Pronotum profusely and strongly punctate, with the sides of anterior lobe parallel, the posterior one expanding, the two lobes of about equal length, the hind suleus profound; front boarder broadly rounded the center shallowly emarginate, hind border obtusangulate; median carina dis- tinct in front and on the hind lobe; sides a little higher than long, the edges nearly parallel, lower posterior angle square, the apex a little rounded, the anterior angle obliquely truncate. Tegmina complete, coriaceous, profusely and strongly veined, a little tapering, the apex rounded, and the costal field near the base rather strongly ampliate. Hind femora moderately robust, the pinne quite regular, their tips not quite reaching the apex of the abdomen, the genicular lobes rounded. Overpositor long and straight, the upper valves without teeth, of nearly equal width throughout, their apices bluntly »ounded; the lower ones smaller, shorter, and more slender, tapering and acumi- nate, in a measure Paice between the lower edges of une apper pair. a Boll. Mus, Fook dant, Comp. Uni. ie 1998, No, 311, pp. 40- 50. 672 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIQQAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. Mesosternal lobes separated by a subquadrate space about equal in width to the lobesthemselves. Prosternal spine pyramidal, moderately robust and directed gently to the rear. Type of genus.— Orthoscapheus roseipennts. ORTHOSCAPHEUS ROSEIPENNIS, new species. ? Osmilia coriacea GiGLio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX 1894, No. 184, p. 18. General color, dark wood-brown, with some indication of ferrugi- nous upon head, pleura and hind femora. Tegmina quite evenly con- spersed with small fuscous spots. Frontal costa above the ocellus black; the hind femora with the inner side, lower sulcus and the lower outer edge also pitch black; upper edge with two transverse dusky bands, the outer fourth including knee brownish testaceous. Surface of head, pronotum, pleura, anterior and middle legs, and carine of hind femora also conspersed with dark brown or black. - Hind wings beautiful, transparent rose color, becoming smoky apically, the vein- lets on apical half and some of the veins also black, the remainder rose-red. Length of body, female 28.5, of pronotum 5.5, of tegmina 23, of hind femora 14, of ovipositer 2.65 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 9740, U.S.N.M. Habitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, a single female specimen, which was taken February 28 by W. T. Foster. It may be taken as the type of the genus. The Osmilia coriacea Giglio-Tos, may be identical with this insect, and, if so, his name would have priority, and it should be Orthosca- pheus coriaceus Giglio-Tos. JODACRIS Giglio-Tos. JODACRIS FERRUGINEA Giglio-Tos. Anniceris ferrugineus G1GLio0-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184, p. 30, in part. Jodacris ferruginea GIGLio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, XII, No. 302, pp. 32-33, footnote (1897) in part. Habitat.—Province of San Pedro, Paraguay (Giglio-Tos); Sapucay, W. T. Foster, several specimens (Coll. U.S.N.M.); San Bernardino (L. Bruner). For a straightening out of the synonomy of this insect see remarks under Omalotettia. OMALOTETTIX, new genus. Related to /odaeris and Orthoscapheus, but differing from both of these in the more compressed body; from -/odacris by the great dis- parity in size between the sexes and in the shorter male cerci, which have the two forks.more nearly equal. It differs further from this No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 673 last-named genus by having the hind femora slenderer apically, the vertex between the eyes narrower, and the hind lobe of the pronotum longer and more ampliate, as well as angulate instead of broadly rounded. In his diagnosis of the genus /odacris” it is evident that the author had before him specimens of two distinct genera—a male of his ferru- ginea anda female of the Jodacris (¢) nebulosa Bruner.’ This genus is widely distributed over tropical America and contains several species. These inconspicuously colored insects live in forests, where they occur among fallen leaves and on the stems of plants. Three ‘species are known to abound in Paraguay. They may be separated by the subjoined synoptic table. This last-named insect may be considered the type of Omalotettia. TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES. a. Paler, testaceous to brunneo-testaceous. Outer lower edge of hind femora largely black, the sides of pronotum usually provided with a piceous band which is bordered above and below by one of paler hue. b. Larger (male, 17; female, 21 mm.). Hind femora with two dusky bands across the upper edge, the outer face plain. -......-.--.-.-.---..-- nebulosa Bruner bb. Smaller (male, 14; female, 19mm.). Hind femora provided on outer face with a conspicuous black patch .......-------------------signatipes, new species aa. Darker, wood-brown to brunneo-ferruginous. Outer lower edge of hind femora without the black color. Sides of pronotum unicolorous. ceruleipennis Bruner OMALOTETTIX NEBULOSA Bruner. Jodacris (?) nebulosa Brunmr, Locusts of Argentina, 1900, p. 67. Habitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, 4 males and 12 females (W.. T. Foster); Tucuman, Argentina, and Victoria, Brazil (lu. Bruner). As mentioned above, this insect was confounded with /odacris ferru- ginea by Giglio-Tos when he drew up his diagnosis of the genus. He also credits it to Paraguay. OMALOTETTIX SIGNATIPES, new species. Very similar to the preceding, from which it differs in the points indicated in the synoptic table of species given above. It also differs from nebulosa in having a slightly shorter and broader fastigium of the vertex, a slightly less prominent frontal costa between the base of the antenne and a little shorter hind lobe of the pronotum, which is less decidedly angulate. Length of body, males, 14; females, 19; of pronotum, males, 3; females, 4; of tegmina, males, 13; females, 18; of hind femora, males, 8.5; females, 12 mm. : Type.—Cat. No. 9741, U.S.N.M. «Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, 1897, No. 302, pp. 32-33. > Locusts of Argentina, 1900, p. 67, Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06 43 674 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. Hlabitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, 2 females collected in March by W. T. Foster. There are also a number of specimens of both sexes of this species in the writer’s collection from Pernambuco, Brazil, and Temax, Yucatan. OMALOTETTIX CARULEIPENNIS Bruner. Jodacris (?) ceruleipennis Bruner, Locusts of Argentina, 1900, p. 68. THTabitat.—Three males and 4 females, Sapucay, Paraguay (W. T. Foster); other specimens at Asuncion (Ll. Bruner). This species also occurs in northern Argentina, where it’ may be taken in company with nebulosa. It appears less common than the other two species here mentioned. VILERNA Stal. VILERNA RUGULOSA Stal. Vilerna rugulosa SvAu, Syst. Acrid., 1878, p. 61. Habitat.—Sapucay, | specimen, W.'T. Foster collector; San Bernar- dino and Asuncion, L. Bruner collector; province of San Pedro, Luque, and Asuncion, Paraguay, Giglo-Tos. 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Oc os ct uc) =A) a = = AS) 2 = ~ i) o + er in H Hn i=7 io) ‘ponuyu0gj—shid uvfinpoyy fo syuaumaunsnau povunio fo a]qv], a hey pile NO. 1466. NOTES ON MALAYAN PIGS—MILLER. “I [ed | aI EXPLANATION OF PLATES. [Unless otherwise stated the figures are about one-third natural size.] Sus barbatus Miller. ~ Sus oi Miller. Sus gargantua Miller. Sus barbatus Miller. Sus oi Miller. Sus gargantua Miller. Sus barbatus Miller. Sus oi Miller. Sus gargantua Miller. 1. Sus barbatus Muller. 2. Sus gargantua Miller. 1. Sus barbatus Miller. Type. Type. Type. Prare XXXIX. Adult male, Cat. No. 34891, U.S.N.M. Sandakan, Borneo. Puate XL. Prats XLI. Type. PLATE XLII. Adult male, Cat. No. 34891, U.S.N.M. Sandakan, Borneo. Prats XLIII. PuatTe XLIV. Type. PLATE XLV. Adult male, Cat. No. 34891, U.S.N.M. Sandakan, Borneo. Puate XLVI. PLatTe XLVII. Type. Pirate XLVIII. Adult male, Cat. No. 34891, U.S.N.M. Type. Sandakan, Borneo. Puate XLIX. Adult male, Cat. No. 34891, U.S.N.M. Sandakan, Borneo. Mandibular cheek teeth, slightly reduced. 2. Sus gargantua Miller. Type. 3. Sus oi Miller. Sus gargantua Miller. Sus barbatus Miller. Greatly reduced. Sus oi Miller. Sus cristatus Wagner. Sus cristatus Wagner. - Type. Type. Mandibular cheek teeth, slightly reduced. Mandibular cheek teeth, slightly reduced. Puate L. Type. Maxillary cheek teeth, slightly reduced. Prats LI. Adult male, Cat. No. 34891, U.S.N.M. Sandakan, Borneo. Pare LI. Greatly reduced. PuatTe LIII. Adult male, Cat. No. 122536, U.S.N.M. Nilgiri Hills, India. Puate LIV. Adult male, Cat. No. 122536, U.S.N.M. Nilgiri Hills, India, 758 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. PuatTe LV. Sus jubatus Millers Type. Puate LVI. Sus jubatus Miller. Type. PuatEe LVII. 1. Sus peninsularis? Young male, Cat. No. 125462, U.S.N.M. Johore Bahru, Johore. . Sus peninsularis Young male, Cat. No. 125463, U.S.N.M. Mount Austin, Johore. bo Puatre LVIII. 1. Sus cristatus Wagner. Adult male, Cat. No. 122536, U.S.N.M. Nilgiri Hills, India. (About 2 nat. size). Maxillary teeth. 2. Sus jubatus Miller. Type. (About 7 nat. size). Maxillary teeth. 3. Sus vittatus Miillerand Schlegel. Adult female, Cat. No. 141028, U.S.N.M. Tarussan Bay, west Sumatra. (About / nat. size). Maxillary teeth. Puate LIX. 1. Sus cristatus Wagner. Adult male, Cat. No. 122536, U.S.N.M. Nilgiri Hills, India. (About 2 nat. size.) Mandibular teeth. 2. Sus cristatus Wagner, or closely related form, Cat. No. 61310, U.S.N.M. Ceylon. (About 7 nat. size.) Mandibular teeth. 3. Sus jubatus Miller. Type. (About 7 nat. size.) Mandibular teeth. PuaTE LX. 1. Sus babi Miller. Type. 2. Sus rhionis Miller. Type. ; PuaTE LXI. 1. Sus babi Miller. Type. 2. Sus rhionis Miller. Type. Puate LXII. 1. Sus niadensis Miller. Type. 2. Sus andamanensis Blyth. Adult male, Cat. No. 111816, U.S.N.M. Little Andaman Island. Puate LXIII. 1. Sus niadensis Miller. Young female, Cat. No. 141169, U.S.N.M. Nias Island, west Sumatra. 2. Sus oi Miller. Young male, Cat. No. 122930, U.S.N.M. Pulo Kundur, Rhio Archipelago. PuatTe LXIV. 1. Sus vittatus Muller and Schlegel. Adult female, Cat. No. 141028, U.S.N.M Tarussan Bay, west Sumatra. (About 7 nat. size.) Mandibular teeth. 2. Sus niadensis Miller. Type. (About 7 nat. size.) Mandibular teeth. 3. Sus rhionis Miller. Type. (About 7 nat. size.) Mandibular teeth. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XXXIX SUS BARBATUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 75/7. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XL Sus ol. TYPE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 75/7. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. SUS GARGANTUA. TYPE. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 757. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX P SUS BARBA FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 7 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. Sus ol. TYPE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 757. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XLIV SUS GARGANTUA. TYPE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XLV Sus BARBATUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XLVI f ere | Sus ol. TYPE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 757. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XLVII SUS GARGANTUA. TYPE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 757. PL. XLVIII PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM "AdA | "1G 39Vd 33S 3Lvid 4O NOILYN¥1dx3 HOY ‘VNLNVDYVD SNS *g—'SNLVAYVA SNS ‘} U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XLIX 1. SUS BARBATUS.—2. SUS GARGANTUA. TYPE.—3. SUS Ol. TYPE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 75/7. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. L SUS GARGANTUA. TYPE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LI SUS BARBATUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 757, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LIlI Sus ol. TYPE. For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 75/7. U. S. NATIONA L MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LIII SuS CRISTATUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 5 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEE DINGS, VOL. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL, LV Sus JUBATUS. FOR EXPLANATION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LVI SUS JUBATUS. TYPE. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LVII 1. SUS PENINSULARIS?—2. SUS PENINSULARIS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LVIII 1. SUS CRISTATUS.—2. SUS JUBATUS. TYPE.—3. SUS VITATTUS FOR EXPLANATiO U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LIX 1, 2. SUS CRISTATUS.—3. SUS JUBATUS. TYPE FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 758. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LX oy Pn » * 1. SUS BABI. TYPE.—2. SUS RHIONIS. TYPE. 2 EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LXI fs) <2? \ > 3 oH 1. SUS BABI. TYPE.—2. SUS RHIONIS. TYPE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLA PL. LXIil PROCEEDINGS, VOL. Xxx U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM AMA a) ra! < no 2. Su NIADENSIS. T YPE.— Sus ile PAGE 75& SEE E YR EXPLANATION OF PLAT Fi U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. 1. SUS NIADENSIS.—2. SUS FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SE E PAGE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LXIV 1. SUS VITTATUS.—2. SUS NIADENSIS. TYPE.—3. SUS RHIONIS. TYPE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE /08. A NEW AMERICAN PENTREMITE By CHARLES SCHUCHERT, Of Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. = The new American entremites here described was found by Dr. S. W. McCallie, assistant State geologist of Georgia, in the Bangor limestone of Georgia, and several months ago was forwarded to the writer for description, and presented to the U.S. National Museum. _ Doctor McCallie has referred to the occurrence of this Pentremétes in his Report on the Coal Deposits of Georgia,“ where notes on the stra- tigraphy may be found. PENTREMITES MACCALLIEI, new species. Theca a ee conical, and very large, having a length of 57 mm. and a width of about 40 mm. Base inverted-cone shaped, large, rapidly OUT MORE NEARLY THE NORMAL FORM, NATURAL SIZE. 0, SIDE VIEW SHOWING AMOUNT OF DIs- TORTION. expanding, a little less than one-fourth the total length of theca, _ deeply pentalobate and with the basal plates sharply delimited from “GGeol. Surv. Georgia, Bull. No. 12, 1904, p. 16. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No, 1467. 759 760 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. the radials. Ambulacra very large, three-fourths the length of the theca, with flat sides sloping down to the depressed median groove. Length of each ambulacrum about 45 mm., greatest width about 9 or Fic. 2.—BASAL VIEW OF PENTREMITES MACCALLIEI IN OUTLINE, RESTORED TO PROBABLE NORMAL FORM. 10mm. There are about 25 ambulacral grooves in 10 mm. _ Interambulacral areas deeply and angularly indented. Deltoids very long and narrow. Remarks.—In the structure of the ambulacra, the deep interambulacral areas, and form of basal half, the new species agrees very nearly with P. swi- catus Roemer. It differs, however, in being twice as large as the average adult speci- FANON men of that species, and ; : : FiG. 3.—SECTION OF in the more important — peyrremrres mac- particular that its apical CATETEI ACROSS AN AMBULACRAL FUR- end is longer and more attenuate. The deltoids also pow, ssow:ne THE are correspondingly longer and narrower. The re- VERY SLIGHT con- VEXITY OF THE cently described P. fohsi“ has similar ambulacra and — groprs on nrrHer equals J. maccalliec in size but differs decidedly in S'D¥ OF THE Mapr- having flat instead of deeply coneave interambulacral AN GROOVE. + spaces. Finally, 7. obesws Lyon, an even larger species, while being similarly pentalobate in cross section, has very different ambulacra, these being biconvex in transverse contour, as in 2. godoni De France and its allies. As the new species is based on a single mature example, nothing can be given regarding the developmental changes. Formation and locality.—The specimen was found by Dr. 8. W. McCallie in the Bangor limestone in an old lime quarry in Nickajack gulch, a short distance below the coke ovens at Cole City, Georgia. Flolotype. Cat. No. 35689, U.S.N.M. @Ulrich, U. 8. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper No. 36, 1905, pl. vit, figs. 5 to 9. Soca 3 fa © ON A COLLECTION OF FISHES MADE BY P. O. SIMONS IN ECUADOR AND PERU. By Epwin Cuapin Srarks, Of Stanford University, California. The collection on which this paper is based includes both marine and fresh-water species, and was made by the late Mr. P. O. Simons, in Keuador and Peru, during the winter of 1898 and 1899. With one or two exceptions the marine fishes were collected at Guayaquil, Ecuador, and Callao, Peru. They illustrate very well the faunal relations of these localities. Guayaquil lies about equidistant — between Panama and Callao, but belongs distinctly to the faunal region of Panama and northward. All of the 44 species that were taken at Guayaquil are also found at Panama, with the exception of three species described as new from Guayaquil and one species of the southern fauna not extending north of Guayaquil (mentioned below). Sixteen of these have not been taken north of Panama and 24 extend their range to the Gulf of California. Of the 34 species collected at Callao 23 have not been taken farther north, 11 have been taken north to the Gulf of California, and the other one not north of Guayaquil. Thus it appears that with a single exception the fishes extending their range north of Callao are species of wide distribution. Five of the eleven can not perhaps fairly be considered in this connection. Sphyrna zygena, Scomber japonicus, Sarda chilensis, Caulolatilus princeps are of such very w-de distribution, and Anisotremus scapularis was, with little doubt, erroneously reported from Mexico. The species of Guayaquil are in all cases very much darker than the same species from Panama, making it appear probable that the faunas of these two localities, though similar, do not intermingle. The drawings for this paper were made by Chloe Lesley Starks. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No. 1468. 761 762 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. Table of distribution. Name. Para GORCROPIAS OZUN CUS aie ore mnie tatan ola ela wl eal eee ae tere et etal ene CONCRONIAS CON AGNES 2 aria w ao eres aceasta | tee IS CONAN Fl (UR Ga 36 ace MANOS ein sa oS0- sopos pS IIc oE be doose ss: x SDRYTNALDUT O 22a aa alae win. sie soe eminem Meee aie eee eae | ee Rhinobatus leucorhynehius's. -2.-22.-.0s- 22-22 -e ae eee see eee eee eee Callorhynchiis COMOTRYN CHUB. <6 aa aes ee ee ee ee x Felichihys& pQnQmensis.< 2a. tk. teens esos dee ee ee seedae see eae Paralabran hwmerauiss se. «- <= scsi ka ene see eee nee tees Paralabrax COMGENSiss ence =o, 1a =e eee eee eee EAUHONUS OF GONURVENITIS: eer oe ene oe ee eee eee eee ANLSOLEMUS PACHICL soe hoo a dwet Bec = amin ole oe coca ale oe eer eee tet ate eee ANISOWUEMUS 'SCOPULATISE 2 soo. aot ae eee dane see eee ee x TEACIG CONCEPT ONS sas Fea e ele ain seein eta de Sa ee eee eens x TSACUG UCTUSLOS sees cae salen Ree ele See alain a eee ener x POMALGSYS CUTO S39. crasacseocsn ae Node science aos eed panes eee |Saodee eee Fucinostonus Cauporniensis’ .<-s- 6 225 meen cso ns secs eae «cee vase GerreR Per WU ONU8 <2 ace seein see cee Boa eaC Ee he aeeee eats as DOYVORLOGON: (HUUTONS. 22 oan se ea eae ee ieee ee aoa ene x AT CROSCION: CNOUIE s D4 XK ks aaa Shy 10 | ore eee ‘ x x X OA 6 see Soeeraeee >< Xx Armada - x x x p4 x ne Sa eee x x x x x x x x x x x x % x * b Sedan ee ee, x4 x i>; |Sascecenee ah isnot cate tee a x x x 3 Mo Altes = OM Sinn wecietee Se% oe okt ome Me | Segak soem x x ps ee Pen Be * eS » es Pee x x x x x x 3 x > ne Pees = Ss x oe a Probably erroneously reported from Mazatlan by Peters. ee aati NO. 1468. FISHES FROM ECUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. 763 The following ten species are tee deserved: as new. U.S.N. M. || U.S.N.M. Name. type Name, type | number. || number. CLOLEPCRINYS SUNONS Lec. cicjae nee. n\n sce tes 03466 ||) Neptomenius Crassus ..---------4.2+5-22 53465 Tachysurus equatorialis.......------.-- 53470 || Paralabrax callaensis ..............--. 53471 VERON OMONGUM eee hn scat =n 2 DSATZ EI ISAC, VENUStC = cca acee es sek eee ee eneee 53467 Prochilodus caudifasciatus .........-.- OF OM ISG HEL TUCL: GUL ON UD everest te et ape 53464 TylOSurus jOrdGNi .......20-2---.00---- 98469)! /;POMAGASYS UPTO =. 5.025. el cee nanos 53468 Family GALEID Ai 1. CARCHARIAS AZUREUS Gilbert and Starks. A specimen considerably larger than the type, and agreeing with it very well in all essential characters, was collected at Guayaquil, Ecua- dor. It was preserved in alcohol as a partially skinned specimen. As in the type, the claspers are undeveloped and fail to reach to the posterior margin of the ventral fins. 2. CARCHARIAS CERDALE (Gilbert). Three small specimens from Guayaquil agree very well with the typical specimens from Panama. Family SPHYRNID. 3. SPHYRNA ZYGZENA (Linnzus). One specimen from Callao, Peru. 4. SPHYRNA TIBURO (Linnzus). A specimen collected at Guayaquil, Ecuador. Although this species was not reported from the Pacific until 1895, it appears to be as com- mon as S. fudes, and will probably be found to have as wide a range, at least in American waters. Family RHINOBATID 2. 5. RHINOBATUS LEUCORHYNCHUS (Giinther). A specimen 43 cm. in length from Guayaquil, Ecuador. It differs from a specimen from Panama, 38 cm. in length, in having the snout more blunt, the rostral ridges not so narrow, and the lateral edge of disk a little more concave. In all of these respects about intermedi- ate between the Panama specimen and a specimen of 72. g/aucostigma from Mazatlan, 57 cm. long. It has no trace, however, of the charac- teristic slate-colored spots on the back or the dark blotch under the tip of the snoutof 2. glaucostigma. Both specimens of 2. lewcor ‘hyn- chus have the dorsals darker than in 2. glaucostigma, and the shagreen appears to be a little rougher and coarser. 764 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX, | Family CHIMARIDZ. 6. CALLORHYNCHUS CALLORHYNCHUS Linneus. id A specimen 67 cm. in length was collected at Callao, Peru. It differs in no essential characters from a specimen of this species from New Zealand in the Stanford University collections. Body strongly compressed, twice as high as thick below first dorsal spine, where it is one-fourth of entire length to base of upper caudal lobe. Body thence tapering rapidly back to the rather slender caudal peduncle. Upper anterior profile forming an even, moderate curve to a point in front of and on a level with eye, where it is very slightly produced. Eye contained 3% times in the space obliquely upward from its posterior margin to base of dorsal spine, and situated mid- way between dorsal spine and tip of snout (without rostral process). Dental plates agreeing well with the picture published by Garman.“ Front of pectoral one diameter of eye behind front of dorsal spine. Base of first dorsal contained 24 times in space between dorsals; base of second dorsal equal to this space and equal to depth of body under dorsal spine. Posterior end of base of ventral under front of second dorsal. Tip of pectoral when fin is held close to body reaches to pos- terior end of ventral base. Color dark silvery with large, obscure, dark, round blotches on upper part of side and back; one series of these along lateral line and traces of one below. A broken, dark band connects the dorsals and is separated from its fellow of the opposite side by a light streak on median line of back. A large, dusky blotch below eye; one on each side of dorsal spine; one on opercular region, and one above base of ventral. Fins all dark. These markings are all more conspicuous on the New Zealand specimen. Family SILURIDA. 7. FELICHTHYS PANAMENSIS (Gill). A specimen 20 cm. in length from Guayaquil differs from specimens from Panama only in having the barbels a little longer and the dorsal shield a little wider and more deeply sculptured. The width of the dorsal shield measured from side to side, without considering the transverse curve of the back, is one-third of the length of the head. The maxillary barbel reaches to the middle of the ventrals; the pecto- ral filament to the middle of the anal. 8. GALEICHTHYS SIMONSI, new species. Head, 33 in length without caudal; depth, 5. Eye, 64 in head; snout, 28; width between angles of mouth, 24; width of head, 12; dorsal spine, 1$; first dorsal ray, 1%; pectoral spine, 13; ventral fin, 24; long- @Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLI, No. 2, pl. vit. Se a No. 1468. FISHES FROM ECUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. 765 est anal ray, 21; foes of adipose dorsal, 4; depth of caudal peduncle, 4. Dorsal, I, 6; anal, 16. Upper anterior profile nearly straight to above eyes, thence slightly convex to tip of snout. Top of head more evenly granular than in G. Fic. 1.—GALEICHTHYS SIMONSI. jordani, the granulated area not irregularly striated anteriorly and extending farther forward, or to above front of pupil in the usual two diverging points. Fontanel groove reaching to within half a diameter of the eye of the occipital process. The groove tapers at both ends, and is not wider anteriorly; at its middle, where it enters the granu- lated area, it is slightly constricted. The ridge of the occipital process SV sa95) 202 ses avers TA ree cee C <-> Fic. 2.—GALEICHTHYS SIMONSI. is not so sharp and high, the sides more gently sloping than in G. jor- pani; the width of the process equals its length. The snout, as viewed from above, is more truncate than in @. jordani, the eye is a little larger. The palatine patches of teeth are smaller, more diverging, and —— 766 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. not so nearly rounded; the width of each patch is half its length. The vyomerine patches are not separated, though notched at the median line before and behind. — Maxillary barbel reaching just past base of pectoral spine, not quite to pectoral pore; postmental barbels to edge of branchiostegal mem- brane; mental barbels two-thirds of the distance from their base to edge of branchiostegalmembrane. Pectoral pore very small. Humeral spine more slender than in @. jordan7, and more concave on upper edge, making its point more acute. Gill rakers, 5+10. Color very dark brown, nearly black on upper parts; lower parts — silvery white. The dark color of back gradually changing to the white of lower parts on body, but on anterior part of head the dark color extends down to a little below eye and changes abruptly to white; the change is more gradual on opercular region. 770 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. much greater depth, a shorter anal, shorter maxillary barbels, and a light, rather than a dark, lateral band. 7 The type and one cotype were taken at Eten, Peru, in the Rio Eten. The type is 155 mm. in entire length and the cotype 110. The latter is deposited in the U.S. National Museum, Cat. No. 53472; the cotype in Stanford University Museum. I take pleasure in naming this species for Dr. Theodore Gill. 13. CETOPSIS OCCIDENTALIS Steindachner. Four specimens were taken at Guayaquil, the type locality of the species. They are from 16 to 26 em. in length. They agree very well with Dr. Steindachner’s description of the type specimen except that the teeth on the vomer are in a single row anteriorly, and a double row posteriorly. In the type specimen they are said to be in a double row anteriorly and a triple row posteriorly. Family PYGIDIIDZ. 14. PYGIDIUM DISPAR Tschudi. A single specimen L8 cm. in length taken at Eten, Peru. Head contained 44 times in length without caudal; its width less than its length by nearly 2 diameters of eye, and its depth at occiput is half its length. Depth of body contained 6 times in length. Body slender, tapering but little to the wide, thin, caudal peduncle, the depth of which is contained 7} times in body length. Eye equidistant from tip of snout and edge of opercle; its length 34 in postorbital part of head, and 8 times in interocular space. Width of premaxillary tooth patch one-sixth of its length; that of mandible a little narrower. Lips, anda region a short distance behind lower lip, slightly papillose. Upper maxillary barbel reaching just past preopercle, but scarcely to gill opening. Nasal barbel of same length but much more slender. Spines on lower edge of preopercle unequal in size; the longest ones one-half diameter of eye. Dorsal with 12 rays, only 7 or which are branched; the others not evident until. skin is dissected away in front of branched rays. Anal with 9 rays, only 5 branched. Origin of dorsal behind middle of body a distance equal to length of dorsal base; its first ray just behind base of ventrals, and its last ray a little in front of first analray. Distance from base of last anal ray to base of median caudal rays equal to length of head. Upper pectoral ray produced in a fine filament slightly beyond other rays; its length equal to length of head behind posterior nasal opening. Ventrals reaching a little more than half the distance between their base and first anal ray. Caudal truncate when fin is spread, but when its rays are parallel its posterior edge is slightly concave. No. 1468. FISHES FROM ECUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. rai _ Body covered with large, nearly round, dark-brown spots, as large, or usually much larger, than long diameter of eye. On head and caudal fin they are smaller; on ventral surface just behind gill open- ing they are nearly faded out, but still evident. Anteriorly they are more crowded than toward the tail. Frequently two or more of them run together and form oblong spots. _15. PYGIDIUM PUNCTULATUM Cuvier and Valenciennes. Five specimens were collected at Callao. 1%. punctulatuim appears to differ from 7. dispar in little but color. It is thickly covered with ~ small, dark-brown spots not over half as large as in the latter species and about twice as numerous. All of our specimens have one more branched ray in the dorsal, and the caudal peduncle scarcely so deep or compressed. 16. PYGIDIUM RIVULATUM Cuvier and Valenciennes. A few half-grown specimens taken at Lake Titicaca agree very well _ with the description published by Eigenmann.“ The dorsal rays number 12, of which only 7 are branched and evi- dent without dissecting. The anal has 11 rays, 6 or 7 of which are ' branched. The dark markings on the body have a decided purplish cast. Family ARGID i. 17. ARGES SIMONSII Regan, There are four specimens of this species taken in the Peruvian Andes at an altitude of 7,200 feet. The label is so disintegrated that the exact locality can not be deciphered. The type locality (Huaras, Peru) is 10,700 feet in altitude. These specimens agree very well with the original description of the species. The teeth are incisor-like and with entire edges in the front of both jaws. There are 5 or 6 teeth in the outer series on each - side of the premaxillary and 4 or 5 on each side of the mandible. One specimen, a male, 75 mm. in length, is much deeper than the others, agreeing very well in this, as in other respects, with Regan’s plate. The depth is 5} in the length. The others, a male of about the same length and 2 females 90 mm. in length, have a depth of from 63 to 7 in the length. There is no other essential difference between them. No spine was found in the adipose dorsal, though the skin was _ dissected away in this region in two specimens. There is no difference in the position of the ventrals between the sexes such as Evermann and Kendall report in Cyclopinin ceyclopum.° aCal. Acad. of Sci., Occasional papers, I, 1890, p. 332. > Proc@Biol. Soc. Wash., X VIII, p. 91. 7792 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, The origin of the ventrals is directly under that of the dorsal. The tips of the ventrals reach from five-sixths to one-half of the distance from their base to the front of anal. Family ERYTHRINIDA. 18. HOPLIAS MICROLEPIS (Giinther). Four specimens from Guayaquil do not differ to any appreciable extent from specimens from Panama. LH. microlepis differs from //. malabaricus only in having a greater number of scales. This difference, though slight, appears to be very constant. Only two specimens of the latter species collected at Breves and Moraj, Tocantins River, Brazil, are at hand for comparison. I. microlepis has 42 lateral line scales; 12 scales in a series running obliquely from base of ventral to base of dorsal; 13 series across back in front of dorsal from one lateral line to the other, not counting the pore-bearing scales or the few crowded scales in front of dorsal; 11 series counting in the same way behind dorsal; and 16 or 17 in a median line from occiput to dorsal. 7. malabaricus has 38 lateral line scales; 11 series from ventral to dorsal; 11 series across back in front of dorsal; 9 behind dorsal; 14 from occiput to dorsal. There may be a constant difference in number of dorsal rays. Our two specimens of IH. malabaricus have 15 dorsal rays, while //. mzcrolepis has 18 or 14, usually the latter number. Table of measurements of Hoplias microlepis and Hoplias malabaricus. | Hoplias SpeCies! 225 see seek ans soe ase tebe eek eee me aeons = eee Hoplias microlepis. | malabari- REE CP Thocallityscn20s fen ote we owe eee shea So paeeeeceens eae toners Panama. | Ecuador. Brazil. | Length without caudal, in millimeters.......:............... 210 | 215 210 | 151 Head in hundredths:onlensthes----.ssce-. ose e nena ee nee 32 32 32 33 IDYejo Hoe aE pan IC OSU SOT POL goat a Jusotog cee sos sa geteeee!: 23 | 22 21 23 Diameter'ol ye... tS. 5-22 sh eos ssa conan sane sneer eee 4 4 43 i Width or interorbital'spacerpescssc-eeeee seo eee eenee eee 9 83 81) 9 Length of maxillary =2s.ce -ishc-e ees sacs ame Ser eneee eres 17 16 16 17 Ten Sth OL SMO WS 2% sertopstaiy- win se cia tee aoe emcee meee 9 8 8 gi Distance from tip of snout to base of dorsal .............-...- 50 51 Al 51 Heng th-ofidorsal: base -aacccssceGar nes ceeeenecn ooce oe soeeeeee 17 19 18 19 Leneth Of 1OurthiGorsal Tayo -nseek oceans ees oe emer ae aeons 17 18 17 17 Lengthiolpectoralt..;-- ose asscect ase eee cee n eee 16 16 17 16 Lenpth of ventral’. 2... 25. s..s'oe cee nee son ceeele ebeee eee meee V7 18 17 17 Length oreaudal .<\....2ces 2.552 sae acne ee era ees 23 25 24 22 Depth or caudal peduncle ess ss2 een ecn coe ee ee eee meee 15 14 14 14 19. LEBIASINA BIMACULATA Cuvier and Valenciennes. Specimens taken at Callao and Eten, Peru, and at Santa Rosa, Ecuador. The following description is drawn from the Eten speci- mens from 15 to 18 em. in length: Head, 34 to + in length to base of caudal; depth, 34 to 4. Eye, 6 in head; snout, 4; interorbital space, 24; longest dorsal ray, 13; base me No. 1468. FISHES FROM ECUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. 772 _of dorsal, 3; longest anal ray, 2; base of anal, 2; length of pectoral, _ 14; ventral, 1#; upper lobe of caudal, 14; depth of caudal peduncle, 2. Dorsal, 10; anal, 11; ventral, 8. Scales, 25. Front of head rounded in profile; fins all rounded; ventrals a little in advance of dorsal. Color of specimens that had been a short time in formalin: Scales on dorsal part of body tinged with yellow; 3 rows of orange yellow spots, one on each scale, extending along side of body. Pectoral fin with a little orange coloring; ventral, anal, and caudal bright orange red; the color more brilliant near edges of fins. A dark lateral band ending anteriorly in a dark spot just behind opercle, and posteriorly in a darker more conspicuous spot at base of caudal; these markings more conspicuous in the young. Some smaller specimens from Santa Rosa, Ecuador, differ in not having the small lateral spots, and in having a larger eye. In the plate published by Cuvier and Valenciennes,“ the dorsal is truncate across the ends of the rays, leaving the corners sharp. The dorsal should be broadly rounded and without angles. The caudal lobes are too sharp, and the lower jaw projects too much. Family CHARACINID i. 20. CURIMATUS TROSCHELII (Giinther). A single specimen taken in the market at Guayaquil. It agrees very well with Doctor Giinther’s description of the type. 21. PROCHILODUS CAUDIFASCIATUS, new species. Head, 22 in length to base of caudal; depth, 33. Eye, between eye- lids 7 in head; snout, 2; interorbital space, 2; third dorsal ray, 14; base of dorsal, 12; length of pectoral from base of first spine, 13; second anal ray, 13; base of anal, 24; depth of caudal peduncle, 2. Dorsal, 12; anal, 10; ventral, 9. Scales, 47. Eye with thin membranous eyelids; its anterior edge at the middle of the length of the head; the middle of the eye a little below the level of the angle of the mouth, and vertically equidistant from the dorsal and ventral outlines of head. Cavity beneath preorbital bone, into which maxillary elements retreat, fails to reach eye by a space half the diameter of eye. Maxillary elements forming a thick rounded projection beyond the mandible. When mouth is closed, its incision is directed obliquely in a line that if continued would extend through the center of eye. Teeth thin, small, and leaf like, in a single row at the outer edge of a thick spongy tissue that deeply covers the bones of the mouth; their edges outward toward edge of mouth. Near front of mouth on each jaw a single row of similar teeth curves inward and @ Hist. Nat. Poiss., pl. DLXxXxvu. 7 [Aas PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, backward, and, meeting its opposite fellow in a point directed down the throat, incloses a triangular area at front of mouth. The teeth of the inner row set transversely to those of the outer row. On the lower jaw the inclosed triangular area is much smaller than that in the upper jaw. Nostrils situated one diameter of eye in front of eye. Pectoral reaching to within three-fourths of a diameter of eye of base of ventrals. Origin of dorsal midway between tip of snout and one scale behind base of adipose dorsal. Fourth dorsal ray longest, forming the point of fin; each dorsal ray with a thin lateral dermal flap extending nearly its whole length. Adipose dorsal inserted mid- way between base of dorsal and tips of median caudal rays; its base very short; its tip extending twice its height beyond its base poste- riorly. Second anal ray the longest, 3 times the length of the last ray; posterior edge of anal somewhat lunate. Length of ventral equal to that of pectoral; its tip reaching a little more than two-thirds of the distance from base of its first ray to front of anal. : Fie. 5.—PROCHILODUS CAUDIFASCIATUS. Surface of scales finely granular; 15 in a median row from front of dorsal to occiput; 84 in an oblique row from front of dorsal to lat- eral line; 64 from front of anal to lateral line. Sides with alternate dark and silvery stripes following the rows of scales. Lateral line occupies a silvery stripe below which there are about + dark stripes fading into the silvery of the belly; about 5 dark stripes show above lateral line, and others are lost in dark color of back. Head dark to lower part of eye, silvery on sides below eye, and white on ventral surface. Maxillary elements dark; narrowly bordered with ‘white on lip. Dorsal with spots on the rays, which formabout 8 broken cross streaks. Caudal with several rather narrow dark cross streaks which posteriorly follow the edge of the forked caudal, but become more nearly vertical anteriorly; toward each edge of caudal some of the streaks fork and shorter streaks are introduced. No longitudinal median streak present on caudal. Anal very slightly tinged with dusky; ventral and vectoral colorless. RES A ESE eR EN I gh Og EE I SN wel ee OD FD we “ be No. 1468. FISHES FROM ECUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. 775 This species may be known by the elongate form, in connection with the number of scales, the length of head, and the bars on caudal. The species having the caudal barred are all deeper. The type and only specimen is 32 cm. in entire length and was taken in the Rio Perené at Perené, Peru. It is deposited in the U. S. National Museum, Cat. No. 53473. 22. LEPORINUS LESCHENAULTI Cuvier and Valenciennes. Two specimens collected at the market at Guayaquil. These unlike the specimens described by Doctor Giinther“ agree very well in length of headand depth of body with the figure published by Cuvierand Valen- ciennes. They have 39 or 40 scales in the lateral line; the type is said to have 36. 23. TETRAGONOPTERUS PERUANUS Muller and Troschel. Specimens were taken from Rio de Eten, at Eten, and at Payta, Peru. Head, 4 to 44 in length to base of caudal; depth, 24 to 2%; eye, 34 in head; interorbital space, 23 to 2%; snout, 34 to 34; maxillary, 2; height of front of dorsal, 1 to 14; front of anal, 15 to 13; pectoral, 1} to 14; ventral, 13; caudal, 4 to 1. Dorsal, 10 or 11; anal, 28 to 30; scales, 36 to 39; transverse series, 7-+-1-+-7. Ventral outline of body forming a deeper curve than dorsal] outline. Nape straight or sometimes very slightly concave. Maxillary extend- ing past front of eye nearly to front of pupil. Gill rakers short and rather slender; the longest one-third of diameter of eye; 10 or 11 on lower limb of arch. Front of dorsal midway between base of caudal and tip of snout, or varying from this point to a point midway between base of caudal and anterior margin of eye. Origin of anal under base of sixth or seventh dorsal ray. Ventrals placed considerably in front of dorsal; their tips not reaching to front of anal. Pectoral scarcely reaching to base of ventral. A dark lateral band runs from upper part of gill opening to base of middle caudal rays, becoming broad behind middle of body, constricted on caudal peduncle, again expanding to a large dark spot at base of caudal, and continued to tips of median caudal rays. Anteriorly an indefinite spot, slightly lighter than the ground color, more or less completely separates a small portion of the lateral band from the main part. Specimens from Eten do not have the lateral band so. much expanded just behind middle of body and not so dark or conspicuous anteriorly as those from Payta. aCat. Fish Brit. Mus.. V., p. 307. 776 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. "VOL. XXX. 24. TETRAGONOPTERUS FEST Boulenger. A dozen specimens collected at Mirador, Ecuador, the longest the same length as Boulenger’s type, 65 mm. These differ from the origi- nal description in having a smaller eye as compared with the snout and head,a smaller average number of scales, and the lateral spots always conspicuous. Mr. C. Tate Regan has kindly compared one of these specimens with the typical specimens in the British Museum and has pronounced them to be identical. Head, 4 to 45 in length to base of caudal; depth, 24 to 3. Eye, 3 to 31 in head; snout, + to 44; height of dorsal 1; height of front of anal, 14; pectoral, 14. Dorsal, 10 or 11; anal, 34 or 35. Scales, 41 to 44; 8 series above lateral line and 8 or 9 below. Body compressed and rather deep, somewhat angulated in front of dorsal; ventral! outline forming a more even curve than that of dorsal; only the larger specimens concave at nape. Breast transversely rounded in front of ventrals. Snout blunt; jaws equal, or the lower a little shorter. Teeth rather large, 4 on each side of lower jaw. Maxillary smooth on its anterior edge; scarcely reaching to anterior border of eye, but extending down nearly to opposite lower border or eye. Gill rakers slender; the longest one-third of eye; 10 to 12 on lower part of arch. Origin of dorsal midway between base of caudal and anterior border of eye. Tip of dorsal when depressed reaching to a point midway between base of last dorsal ray and base of auxilliary caudal rays. Front of anal under middle of dorsal; last anal ray extending a little past adipose dorsal. Posterior outline of anal shallowly concave. Pectoral reaching past base of ventral a distance equal to three-fourths diameter of eye. Ventrals barely reaching front of anal. Color dusky above, darker on top of head, sides and lower parts pale. A dark lateral band running from upper part of gill opening to base of median caudal rays, where it terminates in an expanded darker blotch, with sometimes a second, smaller, less conspicuous, blotch behind it on base of median caudal rays. The lateral band grows darker posteriorly and is bordered below by a very fine dark line. Traces remain of a narrow silvery lateral band directly below the dark band, Crossing the lateral band anteriorly are 2 large, con- spicuous, elliptical, or sometimes crescent-shaped spots, extending obliquely downward and forward; the posterior one above the tip of the pectoral, the other a little posterior to the base of the pectoral. A few pigment dots on posterior parts of dorsal, anal, and caudal; fins otherwise colorless. In the original description the eye is said to be twice the length of the snout, and contained 24 to 2% times in the head. The seales in the lateral line number from 44 to 47. The color as follows: Une NO. 1468. FISHES FROM ECUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. rir - Q n . ae a - 3 bande argentée le long du corps, se terminant en une tache noire sur ) Py © Te =] 7 van 5 4 Ja queue, a la base de la caudale; en avant, sur la ligne latérale, deux _taches noires plus ou moins nettes; ces taches manquent parfois. 25. TETRAGONOPTERUS RUTILUS Jenyns. A single specimen, 165 mm. in length, collected in the Rio Perené, on the east slope of the Andes in Peru, appears to be referable to this species. It differs from 7. peruanus in having the dorsal more ante- riorly placed. The front of the dorsal is midway between the tip of the snout and a distance behind the tip of the adipose dorsal equal to a diameter of the pupil. The anal is one diameter of the eye behind the base of the last dorsal ray, or nearly under the tip of the last dor- sal ray. The ventrals are two-thirds of a diameter of the eye in front of the dorsal. 26. BRYCON ATRICAUDATUS Kner. Several specimens were taken at Payta and one at Eten, Peru. The longest 15 cm. in length. Head, 33 in length without caudal; depth 34. Eye, 44 in head; max- illary, 24; snout, 32; interorbital space, 4. Dorsal, 10 or 11; anal, 28 or 29. Scales, 54 to 56; transverse series, 10+-1-+6. Lower jaw included; maxillary reaching to below middle of eye. Gill rakers slender, the longest two-fifths of diameter of eye; 15 on lower limb of arch. Origin of dorsal midway between nostril and base of caudal; one diameter of eye behind base of ventrals. Anal one-half of diameter of eye behind base of dorsal. Pectoral not quite reaching to base of ventral, which does not reach to front of anal. Caudal deeply forked. A dark, usually very definite humeral spot crosses the anterior end of lateral line, the greater part of its area above the line. An incon- spicuous blotch at base of caudal. Family STERNOPYGID. 27. STERNOPYGUS AZQUILABIATUS (Humboldt). Several specimens collected at Guayaquil, the largest 53 em. in length. | Depth of body, five-sixths to seven-eighths of length of head to upper end of gill opening. Snout, contained 3 times in head; maxil- lary, 4 to 44 times. Eye (between adipose eyelids), 54 to 6 times in snout, 16 to 18 in length of head. Length of gill opening less than length of snout by 1 diameter of eye. Fine movable teeth with their tips only:slightly projecting beyond the spongy dermal tissue are set in broad bands on jaws; the upper band nearly straight and broadly rounded at its ends; one-third as broad as long; the lower band crescent- 778 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL XXX, shaped, tapering to a point at its ends, and a little longer than upper band, though scarcely so broad. Head and body dark with small, round punctulations. A pale band beginning at a point midway between base of anal fin and lateral line, a little anterior to middle of body, follows the ventral outline of body to tip of tail; posteriorly it curves up and runs along the lower edge of lateral line. Family OPHICHTHYID&. 28. OPHICHTHUS CALLAENSIS (Giinther). A specimen from Guayaquil is probably referable to this species though differing somewhat from the original description. The gape is contained 23 times in the head; the head is less than balf the length of the trunk; and the tail is 1 times the rest of the body. The type is described as having the gape one-third the length of the head; the head more than half the length of the trunk; and the tail 14 times the rest of the body. Jordan and Davis“ report on specimens having the head as compared with the trunk similar to the specimen at hand. Family ELOPID. 29. ELOPS SAURUS (Linnzus). Our specimen from Guayaquil. Family CLUPEID 2. 30. POTAMALOSA NOTACANTHOIDES (Steindachner). Specimens taken at Callao, Peru. 31. SARDINELLA FIMBRIATA (Kner and Steindachner). Specimens from Callao, Peru, agree very well with the original description. The dorsal isslightly in front of the middle of the length of the body to the base of the caudal; and the pectoral is from 1% to 1} times in the head, not 2 times as originally described. 32. ILISHA FURTHI (Steindachner). Four specimens collected at Guayaquil, Ecuador, from 22 to 24 em. in length. ‘These do not differ from specimens from Panama except that the depth is contained 3 times in the length to base of caudal. Panama specimens of this length are deeper, while those of this depth are larger. 4 Report U. 8. Fish Commission, 1888, p. 634. No. 1468, FISHES. FROM ECUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. 779 Family POECILITD 2. 33- ORESTIAS PENTLANDI Valenciennes. ' This species is the best represented of its genus in the collection. _ Sixteen specimens, from 18 to 20 cm. in length, were collected at Lake Titicaca. O. pentlandi is an elongate form like O. ewer’, but may be known at sight by the short head, the small mouth and eye, the more com- plete and smoother squamation of the anterior part of the body, and the slender caudal peduncle. The form of the head and body is more symmetrical than in any Ovestias here represented. The back is not elevated to a blunt ridge; the temporal region is not laterally pro- duced, and the anterior dorsal outline forms an unbroken curve to the tip of the snout. Head 34 to 4} in length to base of caudal. Gape of mouth from symphysis of premaxillaries to lower angle of mouth equal to diame- ter of eye; width of mouth between lower angles 13 to 14 times the diameter of eye. Interorbital space evenly arched; 2 to 2+ times the diameter of eye. Series of scales above middle of sides from 55 to 60; 16 or 17 rows between front of anal and front of dorsal. Side scaled toa level with lower pectoral ray or a little below. Area in front of pectoral usually naked, but sometimes with a few scales. Top of head back to behind eyes naked in some specimens, entirely scaled to slightly in front,of eyes in others, or with a few scattered scales in still others. A narrow suborbital region always naked; scales of cheek extending forward in varying degrees. Caudal peduncle narrow and less compressed than in any other Orestias in the collection, though there is a large individual variation in this respect. Width of caudal peduncle from 2 to 3 times in length of head. 34. ORESTIAS CUVIERI Valencienne . Four specimens from 22 to 24 cm. in length from Lake Titicaca. This species has a larger more oblique mouth, larger teeth, and a longer head in proportion to the depth of the head, than any other species of Ovest/as here considered. Depth of head at occiput 14 to 2 in length of head. Leneth of gape from symphysis of premaxillaries to lower angle of mouth 3 to 5 times greater than diameter of eye, and equal to width of mouth across its lower angles. Eye contained 1} to 15 times in distance from its anterior edge to mouth, or 2 times obliquely across top of snout to union of premaxillaries, and 14 times in interorbital space. Ventral surface naked below a line extending obliquely downward and backward from upper angle of gill opening to base of last anal ray, or sometimes to lower caudal rays, leaving a narrow naked area 780 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. on lower side of caudal peduncle. A more or less continuous row of scales runs along the medium line of back, on each side of which is a naked area with or without scales scattered sparsely over it. Naked area may be continued over top of head, interrupted only by a few scales at occipital region, or top of head may be wholly covered with rough scales to opposite front of eyes. Side of head wholly naked except where scales irregularly cover upper half of opercle and small area on cheek behind eye. Region in front of pectoral naked. 35. ORESTIAS AGASSIZII Valenciennes. Four specimens, from 150 to 165 mm. in length, were collected in Lake Titicaca at Chililaya, Bolivia. This species, in proportions of body, stands about midway between the elongate O. pentlandi and O. cuviert and the short O. albus and OJ luteus. I have little to add to the description published by Garman.¢ Mouth very small; gape from symphysis of premaxillaries to lower angle of mouth equal to long diameter of orbit; width of snout between lower angles of mouth from 14 to 1} times diameter of orbit. The picture published by Cuvier and Valenciennes shows an area in front of pectoral covered with scales. In three of our four specimens this area is entirely naked; in the other 2 or 3 scales remain and depres- sions indicate the former presence of other scales. It is probable that these scales are lost in the adult fish, as are those on top of snout. The head is contained 4 times in the length to base of caudal, not 44 as in Garman’s specimens. 36. ORESTIAS ALBUS Valenciennes. Six specimens from 148 to 155 mm. in length collected in Lake Titicaca. This species (at least of the size at hand) may be at once known by the naked area on the upper part of the side, in connection with the short body. Length of head, without projecting mandible, 23 to 24 in length to base of caudal. Depth of head at occiput 14 in length of head, and equal to width of head at opercles, or sometimes a very little less than width of head. Diameter of eye equal to its distance from mouth; 14 in snout measured obliquely over top of snout to union of premaxillaries; con- tained 1? to 14 times in interorbital space. Mouth vertical; lower end of gape below level of eye. A consider- able amount of variation is exhibited in the squamation. Usually there is a continuous single row of rough plates from the occiput to the dorsal, with a large naked area at each side of it. In some speci- mens, however, the dorsal plates are absent anteriorly and the lateral @Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XIX, No. 1, 1895, p. 150. NO. 1468. FISHES FROM ECUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. 781 _ naked areas are not separated from each other in this region. In one or two examples a few scales or plates are irregularly scattered over the lateral naked areas. Usually the naked areas extend back nearly to opposite front of dorsal, but in some cases it does not extend more than half that distance, and in others it is continued back along the whole base of dorsal. Uusually the side is scaled to a level of the lower pectoral ray, but sometimes the scales are absent below a line curved downward between the base of the upper pectoral ray and the front of anal. A triangular area of scales on cheek sometimes reaches forward to below front of eye and sometimes ceases below middle of eye; in either case the preorbital region may be entirely naked or with a few scattered plates. A few of the specimens show traces of scat- tered plates on the ventral surface, probably indicating their presence on smaller specimens. The region in front of pectoral is naked and nearly covered by the opercle. 37- ORESTIAS LUTEUS Valenciennes. This species is represented by 6 specimens, from 122 to 142 mm. in length, taken in Lake Titicaca at Chililaya, Bolivia. It is at once known by the wide short head, having strong lateral angles. O. luteus has a much shorter head than (0. a/bus; head 3 to 34 times in length of body to base of caudal. The height of head is greater, though contained about the same number of times in the shorter head. Width of head nearly equal to length of head. The back is much more elevated than in (. a/bus, and there is a strong concave region at each side of back. The elevation of back makes the dorsal outline of head and nape more or less concave. Head as viewed from above much produced laterally at the temporal region, forming broadly rounded angles which taper quickly to the narrow scarcely produced snout. Mouth smaller than in 0. a/bus,; not quite vertical; lower end of gape scarcely extending below lower margin of eye. Scales more regularly placed and no naked area present on side of back; scales covering side more completely below; naked area of belly not reach- ing to level of lower pectoral ray. Opercle not extending so far over region in front of pectoral, which region is nearly always thickly covered with rough scales, though in one specimen it is naked. Family TYLOSURIDZ. 38. TYLOSURUS JORDANI, new species. Head, 22 in length from tip of upper jaw to base of caudal. Depth at occiput, twice diameter of eye. Eye, 3} in postorbital part of head; interorbital space, 24 in same space. Eye and postorbital part of head contained 1% times in mandible, measuring fromeye. Dorsal, 13; anal. 14. Scales, 240." (82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE. NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOE: XXX. 5 Body as broad as deep; caudal pedune on very slightly compressed, hut appearing perfectly round; no caudal keel. Interorbital space slightly wider than eye, and flatter than in 7. scapularis. 'The longi- tudinal channel little evident, and behind eye scarcely sunk below gen- eral level of top of head. In the latter species (two specimens from Panama) the top of head bears a deep groove which extends back nearly to opposite middle of cheek, where it terminates rather abruptly. Scales on cheek much smaller than in 7) scapularis as shown in accom- panying figures; in 21 or 22 irregular rows counting longitudinally, and appearing scarcely more than half as large as in the latter species, which has about 15 irregular rows on cheek. Fie. 6.—TYLOSURUS JORDANI. Pectoral contained 14 ir. postorbital part of head. Ventrals inserted one diameter of eye nearer base of caudal than posterior margin of eye. Front of dorsal over base of fifth anal ray; tip of last anal reaching to below base of next to last dorsal ray. Caudal slightly lunate; the lobes rounded; lower lobe considerably longer than upper. Color as in 7. scapularis, but everywhere darker. Under parts little lighter than sides and back. Fins all dusky; a dark scapular spot present. No trace remains of a silvery lateral band, but occupy- ing the same region is a dark bluish band that is very indefinite. The specimen was preserved in formalin and if it had any silvery color it was destroyed. ee = Se : Fic. 7.—TYLOSURUS SCAPULARIS, This species is close to 7) scapularis Jordan and Gilbert, but differs in having smaller scales, particularly those on cheek, and scarcely any interorbital groove. From 7. fluviatilis (Regan) it differs in having fewer fin rays, more posterior insertion of the ventrals, and the inter- orbital space greater than the length of the eye. 7. fluviatilis has 15 or 16 dorsal rays and 17 or 18 anal rays. The type and sole specimen is 37 em. in length and was collected at edie a Keuador. It is deposited in the U. S. National Museum, Cat. No. 53469. I take pleasure in naming this species for Dr. David Starr Tarde whose advice first made my study of ichthyology feasible, FISHES FROM ECUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. 733 Family SYNGNATHID.A, 39° SYNGNATHUS STARKSI (Jordan and Culver). A specimen from the river at Santa Rosa, Ecuador, differs from the typical specimens only in having the snout strongly curved wp and _ the dorsal situated about half a body ring more posteriorly. The ~ number of rings and fin rays are the same. Family ATHERINID As. 40. KIRTLANDIA PACHYLEPIS (Gunther). A single small specimen from Guayaquil, Meuador, 41. BASILICHTHYS REGILLUS Abbott. Several specimens collected at Callao, the type locality of the spe cies. ‘They agree in all essential respects with the typical specimens, with which they have been compared. In the original description the statement ‘origin of first dorsal nearer snout than base of caudal by one-third length of head,” should read, nearer base of caudal than snout by one-third length of head. E Family MUGILIDU®. . 42. MUGIL CUREMA Cuvier and Valenciennes. Two specimens taken at Guayaquil, Hcuador. 43- MUGIL HOSPES Jordan and Culver. A specimen from Guayaquil, Ecuador, agrees in all characters with specimens from Panama, and with the typical specimens from Mazat- lan. Like them it has in the mouth the parasitic crustacean. Family POLYNEMIDU. 44. POLYDACTYLUS APPROXIMANS (Lay and Bennett). One moderate-sized specimen from Guayaquil, It and a specimen from Callao, Peru, that is in the Stanford University collections, have 15 anal rays rather than 13 or 14, as in all of the specimens examined from Panama and Mexico. It is much darker than the northern speci- mens, but differs in no other respect. Family SCOMBRIDZ. ee ae ee ee 45. SCOMBER JAPONICUS Houttuyn. Specimens from Callao, Peru. sik iii ie a 784 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 46. SARDA CHILENSIS (Cuvier and Valenciennes). One specimen from Callao, Peru. Family CARANGID Zi. 47. OLIGOPLITES MUNDUS Jordan and Starks. Two specimens collected at Guayaquil. One of them has but 16 anal rays, though in other respects it differs in no way from specimens from Panama and Mexico. The usual number of anal rays is 19 or 20; one specimen from Panama has 18. Mr. C. Tate Regan, comparing specimens of QO. sa/iens with a speci- men of 0. mundus, reports them to be identical. His specimen of (. mundus can not be correctly identified, as these two species differ greatly. The maxillary of O. mundus is 17 or 18 hundredths of the length without caudal. In Bloch’s figure of the type of O. saliens the maxillary is only 12 hundredths, and a specimen of what is apparently O. saliens from Brazil, in the Stanford University collections, has a maxillary 14 hundredths. QO. mundus has the head from 25 to 265 hundredths of the length, and the depth from 34 to 36 hundredths. Bloch’s figure shows O. saliens to have the head 22 and the depth 29 hundredths, which agrees exactly with our Brazilian specimen of that species. Mr. Regan’s Pacific specimen may be (0. a/tus Giinther, as appar- ently that species is very close to, if not identical with, O. saliens. 48. NEPTOMENUS CRASSUS, new species. Head, 3 to 3} in length to base of caudal (3% to 4 including caudal); depth, 33 (4). Eye, 5 to 54 in head; snout, 34 to 4; maxillary, 33; interorbital space, 3 to 3}. Dorsal, VII, I, 27; anal, II, 21; scales, 90 above lateral line; 97 inlateral line. Ventral outline of body more deeply curved than dorsal; head rather wide and blunt. Snout as viewed from above wide and broadly rounded in front; its width in front of eyes a little greater than its length. Jaws equal; mouth rather oblique. Anterior end of maxil- lary slightly below a level with middle of eye; posterior end reaching to below front of eye or very slightly past. Maxillary not protractile; the skin continuous from upper lip to top of snout. Teeth very fine, in a single even row on jaws; the lower row shutting inside of the upper ‘‘like a box-lid,” as described for the related genus Cubiceps. No teeth on yvomer or palatines. Interorbital space broad and evenly convex. Top of head and snout of a rubber-like consistency and thickly set with small pores. Eye considerably above the middle of the height of the head (nearly in the middle in V. drama); a line drawn through the middle of the head longitudinallv passes slightly No. 1468, FISHES FROM ECUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. 785 i” above the lower edge of the eye. Narrowest part of preorbital includ- _ ing eyelid one-half of diameter of pupil; the bone only one-fourth of ‘, pupil. Posterior edge of preopercle concave; the lower edge and the ~ angle broadly rounded. Gill rakers moderately slender; the longest searcely one-half the diameter of eye; 15 of them on lower hae of march. Scales cycloid and regularly arranged; those of lateral line scarcely enlarged but raised to a slight ridge, especially on caudal peduncle. Thin scales present on cheeks and opercles; the rest of head naked. Spinous dorsal low; closing into a groove; the longest spine not ~ exceeding diameter of eye in length. Soft dorsal and anal highest in front; the longest rays equal to length of snout. Anal spines very small and not separated from the soft rays; the first spine directly under middle of soft dorsal. Soft dorsal and anal coterminous; the - distance from base of dorsal to upper caudal rays 1? times the diameter . of eye. Pectoral reaching to above front of anal; its length a little Fic, 8, —NEPTOMENUS CRASSUS. re. << _ less than that of head. Ventrals adnate to the belly; their tips reach- m2 + ing halfway from their base to the middle of vent. Caudal deeply forked. Color, dusky above; black on top of head; sides and lower parts silvery. Sides of head, and particularly mandible, set with small points of dark brown. Vertical fins dusky; the dorsals darker than anal; pec- toral slightly dusky; darker on inner surface; axil dark brown. This species agrees with V. drama in number of fin rays and scales, but if current descriptions of the latter are dependable it is a more slender species, with a larger head, and with the eye above the middle of the height of the head. : (iinther describes the type as having the depth 34 in the total length, and the head 44. He evidently includes the caudal in his measure- ~ ments, as his specimen was 14% inches in total length and 43 inches deep. The type, however, was a stuffed specimen, and these measurements could not be depended upon did not a description by Hutton (presum- ably from fresh or alcoholic specimens) agree very well on these points Prog, . Mi. -vol. xxx—06——-50 786 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. with the description of the type: Depth, 2% in length, without caudal; head, 3%. This is apparently the first record of the occurrence of this genus out- side of Australian seas. Two specimens of about the same length were taken at Callao, Peru. The type is 34 cm. in length, and is deposited in the U. 8. National Museum, Cat. No. 53465. The cotype is in Stanford University museum. 49. CARANX HIPPOS (Linnezus) A specimen from Guayaquil. 50. VOMER SETIPINNIS (Mitchill). One specimen from Callao. 51. SELENE VOMER (Linnzus). Two specimens from Guayaquil. 52. TRACHINOTUS KENNEDYI Steindachner. Two specimens from Guayaquil differ from specimens from Panama only in color. The body is black above and dark on sides with small punctulations. The lobe of the dorsal is black and the other fins are very dark, except the ventrals, which are dusky. The maxillary and side of the head are dark. Panama specimens are bright silvery, and slightly dusky above. The dorsal is dusky and the other fins very slightky dusky except the ventrals, which are white. The side of the head and maxillary are silvery. 53. TRACHINOTUS PALOMA Jordan and Starks. A specimen from Callao, 267 mm. in length without caudal, has a smaller eye (6% in head) than a specimen from Panama, but is not oth- erwise essentially different. In comparing this species with 7. carolina, specimens of nearly the same size should be selected. In the original description of. this species the head was alleged to be larger than in 7. carolina. Gilbert and Starks in comparing specimens of about the same size found no difference in this respect, though the species was found to be well distinguished by other characters.“ In comparing the speci- men at hand with a large specimen of 7) carol/na, 345 mm. in length without caudal, the head is shorter, being 44 in length in 7. paloma, and 3% in 7?) carolina.’ Family CENTROPOMID 2. 54. OXYLABRAXK ARMATUS (Gill). Three small specimens from Guayaquil. yaq aMem. Cal. Acad. of Sci., IV, 1904, p. 84. 2 yo.1468. FISHES FROM ECUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. 787 Family SERRANID_®. 55-5 PARALABRAX HUMERALIS (Cuvier and Valenciennes), Numerous specimens were collected at Callao, Peru, from 10 to 35 em. in length. The young of 10 or 12cm. in length have 7 cross bars. composed of small dark-brown spots scattered over a dusky ground color. These are regular in form and position on lower half of sides, but on middle of sides a longitudinal band more or less interrupts them, and their upper ends are more indefinite and do not always coincide in position with their lower ends. A dusky band runs downward from eye obliquely across cheek. The soft dorsal, anal, and caudal have round brown spots scattered over them. On specimens 15 cm. in length all of these markings are indistinct, and on large specimens they are altogether lost. A white spot is usually present on the back, between the lateral line and base of dorsal, opposite the notch between dorsals, both in young and adult examples. 56. PARALABRAX CALLAENSIS, new species. Plate LXV, fig. 2. > Head, 23 in length to base of caudal; depth, 34. Eye, 5% in head; maxillary, 22; snout, 33; interorbital space (bone), 5%. Dorsal, X, 14; anal, III, 7. Scales in 84 series above lateral line; pores in lateral line, 67; 15 scales in a series running downward and backward from front of dorsal to lateral line; 34 in a series running upward and backward from front of anal to lateral line. _ Lower jaw strongly projecting. Some of the teeth in jaws slightly enlarged and recurved, but not canine-like. Maxillary reaching a little past middle of eye, scarcely to posterior edge of pupil. Widest part of maxillary three-fifths of diameter of eye. Edge of preopercle close- set with small, sharp, even, spinules scarcely enlarged at the angle. The bony part of interorbital space flat. Gill rakers slender, the longest three-fifths of diameter of eye; 12+-21linnumber. Top of head bearing scales anteriorly to nostrils. Snout, preorbital, maxillary, and mandible naked. Third dorsal spine longest; from its tip to tip of seventh spine the outline of fin is somewhat concave. The first spine is half the length of the second, and the second is contained 2} times in the third; the third spine is half the length of head; the last 3 spines subequal in length and contained 4 times in head. Pectoral broad, truncate at tip, and broadly rounded below; its length 1? in head; reaching past tips of ventrals, but not to vent. Second and third: anal spines subequal in length; the third reaching a little past tip of second when fin is reclined. Anal yays much higher than those of soft dorsal; tips of } 788 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. "VOL. XXX. last rays not reaching so far back as those of soft dorsal. Caudal fin shallowly lunate. Back and sides with wavy dark brown spots nearly as wide as pupil, running irregularly horizontal or sometimes slightly oblique. These are but little broken up on sides, but on base of caudal and on back below anterior part of spinous dorsal they break up into round spots separated by narrow interspaces. Lower part of head with stripes similar to those on body, but clearer cut at the edges. Lateral line running in a light streak much broken up by the wavy streaks cross- ing it. A white spot on back between lateral line and base of dorsal opposite the dorsal notch as in Paralabrax humeralis and Paralabrax albomaculatus. Upper parts of head dark brown; a few indistinct small round lighter spots on snout and preorbital region. Lower parts of head and body dusky. Spinous dorsal slightly dusky; a dark bar behind third spine, and a fainter one behind fourth. Soft dorsal mot- tled with dark brown. Anal and ventrals dusky, darker toward tips of rays. A dark spot in front of base of pectoral, separated from a crescentric bar of dark brown on base of pectoral rays by a narrow light bar. The general pattern of coloration resembles very much that of Mycteroperca boulengeri, and serves at once to distinguish this species from others of its genus. The type and sole specimen is 247 mm. in entire length, and was taken at Callao, Peru. It is deposited in the U. 5. National Museum, Cat. No. 53471. Family LUTIANID ZA. 57- LUTIANUS ARGENTIVENTRIS (Peters). Three specimens from Guayaquil, Ecuador. Family HAMULIDZ. 58. ANISOTREMUS PACIFICI (Ginther). One specimen from Guayaquil, Ecuador, does not differ from speci- mens from Panama. 59. ANISOTREMUS SCAPULARIS (Tschudi). Three small specimens taken at Callao, Peru. A specimen 40 em: in length, in the Stanford University collections, retains the black axillary spot and the spots at the last dorsal and anal rays. The preo- percle is no less sharply denticulated than in small specimens. Speci- mens from the Galapagos Islands and Cocos Islandare darker in color, and have lost the posterior dorsal and anal spots. 789 x x es 5 a) | ~_ ge a ay = (Bes RS ie) Q N =) So Q = = & DN =: z q 60. ISACIA CONCEPTIONIS Cuvier and Valenciennes. in entire length to base of caudal 34 containec The eye in head 54 to 5$ times. is percle is straight, or but little concave. a Two specimens from Callao, Peru, in length 233 and 290 mm. respee- The head 1 tively. times. The vertical limb of the preo- r The mandible is a little thicker toward the tip than in /. venusta, and projects slightly more. This character is somewhat more marked in the larger specimens (here drawn) than in the other. specimens black above and very dark on sides. The at hand are everywhere darker than in /. venusta, being 9.—ISACIA CONCEPTIONIS. lia. 10.—ISACIA VENUSTA. ISACIA VENUSTA, new species. 61. Tsacia conceptionis Anporr, Proc. Acad. of Sci. Phil., 1899, 5 b) . . Se Bs ae Tae 2 i ii —_ es HR Om , Hon, 2.2 Site) SSE oo S 1 SI 6 oo — ROC ION [iia mee Riese sn = oH ao & Coase ag oom £6 em SB oF of — OywNoOS Ke) ia! seas se Ss eet aay —a Ho & 6 ee or: ee, aes = pemaripartepie ase Soot ees CP See -_ 5 mete gE oho — ae se CTO yey Oe ee S72 y ee Saat! = (616% eect are oer ofa eS ® ~m~ RR. & MN ef iat oe ee a = ene (lorem make ben ak eee HY = s 25 38 mm N aM se ae goin) oot et a S Oo val ro oS 5 GA = ~~ Yo =e a dH a ee Bt Om lea ie =| BFS s CH ey oye pa eas relsh asp ao sH OD ~ Maxillary scarcely reach Teeth in rather broad villiform bands, hen mouth is closed. ro) al (ab) os} an) ec = as fe YY tH o 5s Ee) b oS ree on -_ = | 790 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. XXX, which grow narrower on sides of jaws; the outer row of teeth a little © enlarged; no teeth on yomer or palatines. Interorbital space evenly — curved from eyesand unbroken by ridges. Vertical, limb of preopercle concave; the edges with small weak spines partly hidden by the skin, and not enlarged at the angle. The longest gill rakers nearly half as long as eye; 22 or 23 of them on the anterior limb of arch. Scales ctenoid; snout, mandible, maxillary, and the greater part of preorbital naked. Dorsal and anal naked; a very slight scaly sheath at the base of each; that of anal a little the better developed. Ven- trals, pectorals, and caudal with a few scales on base; fine scales run- } ning nearly to the tips of caudal rays. Pectoral 1,'; to 14 in the length of head; reaching to a point midway between tips of ventrals and front of anal. Third and fourth dorsal spines equal and the highest; their length 25 to 24 in head; behind these the spines gradually and uniformly decrease in length to the soft dorsal. Base of soft dorsal from 14 to 2 in head. The anterior or longest rays of soft dorsal equal in length to those of anal and a little greater than the diameter of eye. The anal ends slightly in front of the soft dorsal. Ventrals reaching halfway from their base to front of anal. Caudal forked; the upper lobe a little longer than lower. Color greenish gray on back; sides and belly silvery, overlaid with dusky shades. The scales on sides have a darker border, and faint traces of longitudinal streaks follow the rows of scales. Base of pec-— toral with a dark spot above on both sides of fin; axil dusky; inner — surface of fin usually darker than outer surface. Ventrals dark, and — growing darker toward their tips. Dorsals dusky; the spinous dorsal sometimes black; the rays of soft dorsal and anal similar, growing | darker toward tips. . This species differs from /sacia conceptionis in having a larger eye, — a longer head, the lower jaw a little thinner at the tip and slightly less projecting, and the vertical limb of the preopercle more concave. — The color is everywhere lighter in the specimens at hand, though the markings are the same. In the description given by Abbott (quoted above) the measurement — given for the length of the head is incorrect. It is 2,% in entire — length to base of caudal in his smaller specimen and 3,5 in his larger ; one. Cuvier and Valenciennes say that the length of the head of /sacea — conceptionis is less than the depth. It is constantly greater than the | —s ont depth in /sacva venusta, and slightly less, or equal to the depth in our specimens of the former species. ; Four specimens collected at Callao, Peru. Besides these there are in the Stanford University collections two specimens from the same locality collected by Admiral Beardslee. The specimens range from 175 to 250 mm. in length. A specimen 220 mm., colleeted by Mr. Simons, is selected as the type. -It is Cat. No. 53467, in the U.S. National Museum. Other specimens are in Stanford University museum. NO. 1468. FISHES FROM-ECUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. T91 62. POMADASIS BURRO, new species. Plate LXV, -fig..3. Head, 22 to 24 in length to base of caudal; depth, 25. Eye, 5 to 53 in head; snout, 25; maxillary, 34 to 34; interorbital space, +4; fourth dorsal spine, 3 to 34; second anal spine, 22. Dorsal, XI, I, 13; anal, III, 8. Scales, 47. Upper anterior profile concave above eyes; that of snout straight and long. Edge of preopercle without trace of serrations; opercle with a broad dermal flap. Maxillary reaching to or slightly behind the vertical from anterior nostril. Lips thick and spongy; lower jaw a little projecting. Gill rakers rather thick, one-fourth of diameter of eye; 15 developed on anterior limb of arch. Pectoral reaching to opposite vent; ventrals three-fourths or dis- tance from their base to vent. Second anal spine a little shorter than soft rays, near its tip it tapers quickly to a point that is not very acute. This species has the general characters of 2. macracanthus, but differs in having no serrations on edge of preopercle, in having shorter dorsal spines, a slightly shorter and much more slender second anal spine, and the head and maxillary longer. We have numerous specimens of 2. macracanthus from Mexico and Panama in the Stanford University collections for comparison; the largest equal in size to the larger specimen of 7%. burro. All of them have the preopercle sharply denticulated, the large ones showing no decrease in the size or sharpness of the denticulations. . Two specimens were collected at Guayaquil, 26 and 31 cm. in length. The larger one is the type and is Cat. No. 53468, U. 5. National Museum. The cotype is in Stanford University museum. Burro, the vernacular name in Central and South America of differ- ent species of Pomaduasis. They make a noise when caught resembling the noise made by a ‘* burro” or donkey. Table of measurements in hundredths of length. | SAIYE(GIG EN ee Bae See ne ee oo een EBSD or ep a rmeese hee inicio | Pomadasis macracanthus. - . | Mazat- Guinan Toareeh Alig we bag aie Se ae ee ae ge ae Guayaquil. | Panama.| lan, Moricoe! 2 | Mexico. Se ne Length in millimeters to base of caudal.......-. 215 260 | 214 -| 258 299 200 Length of head in hundredths..-............-.--- 42 | 41 37 | 37 37 | 38 ONO MNOU Vases: Set er es. este saws eee ess 37 38 | 38 36 35 36 Men mii GnsnOUlse. sent soe eect Sa Geshe meee 14 | 14 12 14 | 14 14 SIME VET OL CVC 2s a en eo esis elale wre be as 'nre te See 8 3 7k 7 7 | 7 racer puter ownickpliee se ee ee | 9 9 82 82) 83] gL en SthkOtmmaxallaty «so. coh cause thee eeeccs| 123) 123 11 103) 11 11 ength of fourth dorsal spine... 2....\.....2...<.-: | 15 14 17 18 17 18 enfin ot second anal spines... 2-.5-i5.0----.- | 163) 15 | 18 18 | 17 17 ene imotpectorall<-- es. sce- 2 - owt ccs ese ee | 29 30 | 33 | 28 | 9 28 Penethwaventialectecs. sss. seeks oe Seta os ee 22 22 21 | 22 21 21 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. i 4 ee) bo Family GERRID 2. 63. EUCINOSTOMUS CALIFORNIENSIS (Gill). Two specimens from Guayaquil, Ecuador, 64. GERRES PERUVIANUS Cuvier and Valenciennes. Several specimens were taken at Guayaquil, differing from speci- mens from Panama only in being darker in color. Family KYPHOSID. 65. DOYDIXODON LA:VIFRONS (Tschudi). Plate LXVI, fig. 2. A single specimen from Molendo, Peru, 27 cm. in length. This species may be known from /). freminviller” by the produced anterior rays of the soft dorsal forming an angle, which when depressed reaches to the tip of the last dorsal ray. The fourth ray is the longest and forms the tip of the angle, behind which the posterior margin of the fin is strongly concave. In LD. freminvilled (specimens from the Galapagos Islands in the Stanford University collections) the soft dorsal is not angulated; the tip of the fourth ray is opposite the beginning of the last two-fifths or one-third of the base of the fin. The fin is usually rounded and every- where convex as shown in the accompanying figure, but its margin may sometimes form a sigmoid curve, convex in front and concave behind, and nowhere angulated except at tip of last ray. The latter condition is shown in Valenciennes’ plate,’ and in the largest of our specimens, +45 cm. in length, but the fourth ray is little if any longer than when the fin is everywhere convex. This condition is probably developed with age. The anterior rays of the anal of D. devifrons are longer than in the other species, making the posterior margin of the fin more oblique. Perhaps a greater difference than these is shown in the size of the teeth, which in )). devifrons are nearly twice as large as in D). fre- minvillec, and are in fewer rows. In the former species they are in 5 oblique series, on the mandible, running downward and inward toward the symphysis. In D. freminvilled they are in 9 oblique series. The dorsal of our specimen of 2. devifrons has 15 rays. Of the 16 specimens of )). freminville? counted, 10 of them have 17 rays, 4 have 18 rays, and 2 have 16 rays. This is opposite to the condition alleged to exist. Tschudi counts 18 rays in the type of D. dewfrons from aPlate LX VI, fig. 1. bVoyage Venus, pl. v. NO. 1468. FISHES FROM ECUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. 798 Freminvillec from the Galapagos. The plate published by Valen- ciennes, however, proves our Galapagos specimens to be D. fremin- ville by the teeth and shape of the dorsal. Family SCLANID®. 66. ARCHOSCION ANALIS (Jenyns). A specimen collected at Callao, Peru, the type locality of the species. 67. CYNOSCION ALBUS (Giunther). A small specimen from Guayaquil, agreeing well with Panama specimens. 68. BAIRDIELLA CHRYSOLEUCA (Giinther). Three specimens from Guayaquil differ slightly from specimens from Panama. The anal rays are 7 in one specimen and 8 in the other two (9 in Panama specimens). There is a considerably longer distance between the tips of the anal rays and the base of the caudal in the former specimen, and a slightly longer distance between these points in the other two than in the specimens from Panama. As usual, the Guayaquil specimens are much darker. No other difference is appre- ciable, however, and these differences will probably be found to fall within the range of variation of the species. 69. BAIRDIELLA ENSIFERA (Jordan and Gilbert). A couple of specimens from Guayaquil, Ecuador, differ from Panama specimens only in being darker. 7o. STELLIFER MINOR (Tschudi). A single specimen collected at Callao, Peru. The head in this species is far less cavernous than in other members of the genus Ste//7fer. 71. SCIZZENA FASCIATA (Tschudi). One small specimen 15 cm. in length from Callao, Peru. Head, 3 in length to base of caudal (3% with caudal); depth, 2% (33). Hye, 44 in head, scarcely shorter than snout; interorbital space, 32: maxillary, 34. Dorsal, X, I, 25; anal, I], 9. Scales in lateral line, 51. Body very deep and compressed; the snout blunt and scarcely pro- jecting over the mouth. Maxillary reaching a little past middle of eye. Mouthslightly oblique; lips papillose. Teeth fine, in bands, the outer series only slightly enlarged. Border of preopercle with very small membranous serre. Gill rakers very small; only 7 developed on lower limb of arch. Seales exceedingly sharply ctenoid, each with a broad border of sharp, fine corrugations which involves nearly the whole surface of the scale; each corrugation ending in a fine point. Tip of snout and ew] \- - 194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. mandible naked. bower half of soft dorsal closely covered with fine scales forming a rather thick sheath. Third dorsal spine the longest, its length 2% in head; the succeeding spines decrease rapidly in length, making Te fin tr paeune Pectoral short, 14 in head, scarcely extending to tips of tonne which reach two-thirds e distance from their base to front of anal. Second anal spine stout, but not over three-fourths the length of first anal ray; length of second spine 3 in head. Tips of all rays reach to below base of last dorsal ray. Caudal slightly S-shaped, the upper lobe the longer; tip of lower angle rounded. Color dark on sides and back; lower parts dirty silvery. A con-— spicuous, rather narrow, light band runs downward and_ slightly obliquely backward from between the dorsals nearly to vent. A sim- ilar short band runs from middle of soft dorsal, but does not reach to lateral line. The operele ends in a broad flap, which is coal black much as in some of the centrarchoid fishes. The fins are all black. 72. SCIZENA DELICIOSA (Tschudi). This is the best represented Scizenoid fish in the collection. Many specimens were collected at Callao, and one at Molendo, Peru. Head, 2% to 3 in length to base of caudal; Hopi 31 to 32. Eye, 5+ to 6 in head; interorbital space, 34; ae oe 34 to 4; maxillary, 3. Dorsal, IX or X, 1, 22 or 23; anal, Il, 10. Scales, 50 (pores). Upper anterior profile forming an even curve from nape to snout. Snout projecting beyond tip of mandibile in a variable degree as in related species, or from $ to 1 diameter of pupil. Viewed laterally its profile usually forms a semicircle, but in one or two specimens it-is a little angulated at the tip. Gill rakers scarcely as long as diameter of pupil; 6+ 12 or 13 in number. The fourth dorsal spine the highest, 2% in head. The last spine of first dorsal is half as long as the spine of the second dorsal, and is attached to it by a membrane. Tip of pectoral reaching 1 diameter of eye past notch between dorsals. Ventrals reaching one-half of distance from their base to front of anal. Tip of anal reaching to below base of last dorsal ray. Caudal lunate. Color dusky on back, growing silvery on sides. Rather faint, dark lines following the rows of scales; axil dark. 73. SCIZZNA GILBERTI, new species. Plate LX VI, fig. 3. Head, 32¢ to 31 in length to base of caudal; (4 to 3% in entire le eet) depth, 3a to 84. Eye, 9$ to 11 in head; interorbital space, a The measurement appearing first is At the smaller of our two specimens; where only one measurement is given the specimens do not differ. No. 1468. FISHES FROM ECUADOR AND PERU-STARKS. j 795 Pi 34 to 34; snout, 4; maxillary, 24. Dorsal, X, I, 24 to X, I, 21: anal. ell, 40. Seales, 66; counting subvertical series there are 10 scales & from front of dorsal to lateral line, and 13 from front of anal to lateral 5 line. & Anterior profile gently curved a short distance in front of dorsal, _ thence appearing perfectly straight to near tip of snout, where it awain 3 slightly curves downward. Head very broad, with a broad evenly - curved interorbital space, 3 to 34 times the diameter of eye. Jaws nearly even in small specimen; the lower included in the large one. Small teeth in 2 or 3 irregular rows in upper jaw, with an outer series of much enlarged ones; the length of the latter equal to diameter of anterior nostril. A row of similar enlarged teeth on lower jaw, and an irregular row of smaller teeth outside of them, fitting close against them. No canines present. Maxillary reaching to a little past ante- rior border of eye. Anterior nostril small and round; the posterior 3 times as long as wide. Gill rakers 3 or 4+ 10; the longest three- fourths diameter of eye. Edge of preopercle with rather sharp denticles somewhat enlarged toward angle. ; Pectoral short; equal in length to ventral; 2; in head. Third, fourth, and fifth dorsal spines highest, equal to combined length of snout and eye; tip of third reaching to base of eighth when fin is depressed. The membrane of the next to the last spine scarcely reaches to the base of the last spine, which is a trifle longer than the _ former, and is attached by a membrane to the soft rays. Base of soft dorsal seven-eighths length of head; its highest rays equal to snout and half eye. Anal spines rather weak, but not flexible; the second spine half the length of the first ray, which is scarcely so long as the ' second ray; tip of longest ray reaching to tip of last ray when fin is depressed, or to under base of last dorsal ray. Caudal lunate, the mid- dle rays 2 in head, the upper rays 14 in the smaller specimen. In the larger specimen the caudal is much more deeply lunate, the upper lobe longer and sharper than the lower; extending 13 times diameter of " eye past middle rays. Scales ctenoid; the entire head, except the tip of mandible, and lips covered with irregular scales. Dorsal and anal fins naked except a narrow definite area at extreme base. Pectoral with a few scales on base. Caudal with small scales on membrane extending considerably over half the distance from base to tips of rays; a series of small scales carrying lateral line to edge of caudal. . Color dusky on top of head and back, becoming silvery below. _ Dark lines follow the rows of scales on back and sides. . These are scarcely noticeable on the smaller specimen, and not very conspicuous on the larger. Dorsals dusky; caudal and pectoral slightly dusky; anal with a very little dusky color on membrane; ventrals white; inside of opercle dusky. NR at OK. OE A te 1h We oe pe oe > ree a 7 oe EE ak od da SS ne 7 x 96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. This species differs from S. wreneri Sauvage in haying the length of head greater than the depth, and longer as compared with the entire length; the snout shorter as compared with the interorbital space; the eye smaller; the caudal lunate, and the scales larger. Our smaller specimen approaches S. wienert in size of eye and shape of caudal more nearly than our larger one, though the specimen from which Sauvage drew his description was considerably larger than our large one. The following, extracted from Sauvage’s description, will show the degree of difference between these two species: Depth equal to length of head, which is contained 4% in total length. Snout equal to inter- orbital space. Eye, 2in snout; 7f in head. Caudal, truncate. Lateral line, 85. Length, 57 cm. Two specimens were collected at Callao, Peru, respectively 30 and 45 cm. in length. The latter is the type. It is deposited in the U.S. National Museum, Cat. No. 53464. The cotype is in Stanford University museum. | take pleasure in naming this species for Dr. C. H. Gilbert, to whom I owe the best of my ichthyological training. 74. POLYCLEMUS PERUANUS Steindachner. A single specimen from Callao, Peru, agrees very well with Doctor Steindachner’s description of the type. Head equals depth, 32 in length without caudal. Eye 6% in head; interorbital space, 23; snout, 3%; maxillary, 33; longest dorsal spine, 2; second anal spine, 4; longest soft anal ray, 2. Dorsal, X, I, 23; anal, I], 8. Scales of lateral line, 55. This specimen does not show the dusky cross bands described by Jordan and Eigenmann from cotypes of the species in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.“ They describe the snout as being 43 in length of head; and the eye 42, The specimen at hand agrees better with Doctor Steindachner’s description (Schneuzenliinge nicht ganz 4 mal; Augendiameter bei erwachsenen individuen nahezu 6 mal). ‘*Caudal fin slightly lunate or S-shaped”’ does not adequately describe its shape. The lower half of the fin is obliquely truncate, the upper half lunate, thus leaving the fin angulated at the middle rays, which are as long as the angulated upper lobe. 75. MICROPOGON ALTIPINNIS Giinther. A small specimen was collected at Guayaquil, Ecuador, which agrees in all essential characters with specimens from Panama. In compar- ing this species directly with J/. ectens Jordan and Gilbert, it can be known at once by the enlarged scales on the side behind the pectoral a Rept. U.S. Fish Comm., 1886, p. 415. » Jordan and Eigenmann, Rept. U. 8. Fish Comm., 1886. it ae No. 1468. FISHES FROM HCUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. 197 and below the lateral line. There are three more scales countine the subvertical series between the median line of belly and lateral lina in M. altipinnés than in I. ectens though the difference appears greater than the actual count indicates. The occurrence of JZ. ectens at Panama may here be recorded. There is a specimen of this species in the Stanford University collections taken at Panama by the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross, which has hitherto been identified with JZ. a/tipennis. It agrees in all respects with specimens of the former species from Mazatlan, Mexico. ‘ : 76. CHILODACTYLUS VARIEGATUS Cuvier and Valenciennes. Several specimens were collected at Callao. They all have the dorsal spines 17 in number, not 16 as recorded in the original description. The soft dorsal has from 29 to 31 rays, and the anal 9 or 10. The swollen lower rays of the pectoral number 6 (7 in original descrip- tion), and extend from } to 1 diameter of the pupil beyond the branched rays. The gill rakers are rather slender, and number 12 or 13 on lower limb of arch. Family CICHLID. 77. ZEQUIDENS RIVULATUS (Giinther). Several specimens taken at the market in Guayaquil and one at Eten, Peru. The longest 16 cm. in length. Head, 24 to 2% in length to base of caudal; depth, 24. Eye, 33 to 4 in head in specimens from 7 to 9 cm. in length; 4 to 43 in specimens from 11 to 16 cm. in length; maxillary, 3 to 34; snout, 24 to 24. Dorsal, XIV (occasionally XIII), 10 or 11; anal, III, 8 or 9. Scales, 26 or 27; 3 between front of dorsal and lateral line, 7 between front of anal and upper part of lateral line. Gill rakers, 3-78 or 9. Small specimens up to 10 cm. in length have the anterior profile of head straight or slightly convex; large specimens, from 14 to 16 cm. in length usually have it slightly concave. Interorbital space increas- ing in width and growing more nearly flat with age; in large speci- mens its width is contained 23 times in head; in small specimens 3 times. Length of dorsal and anal rays increasing with age; the longest ones 1 to 14 in head in large specimens, and reaching past middle of caudal rays; 1§ in small specimens and not reaching to middle of cau- dal rays. Small specimens have the dark lateral spot much more con- spicuous, and the dark lines radiating from eye to snout and across cheek much less conspicuous. They have narrow cross bars which are scarcely to be seen on specimens 13 em. in length, and not at all on larger ones. * These are placed as follows: One at base of caudal rays; one across caudal peduncle just behind soft dorsal; one under middle of soft dorsal; one just’behind lateral spot; one just in front 798 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. of lateral spot; sometimes a faint trace of one under fourth or fifth dorsal spine. Body and fins of large specimens darker than in small - ones, and more or less conspicuous, broken, longitudinal stripes follow the rows of scales on sides. The specimen from Eten, Peru, differs — from the others in having the lower part of the head coal black up to a level with the mouth. Family POMACENTRID 2. 78. CHROMIS CRUSMA Cuvier and Valenciennes. Two specimens from Callao, Peru. Family EPHIPPIDZ. 79. CHAXETODIPTERUS ZONATUS (Girard). One specimen from Guayaquil, Ecuador. 80. PARAPSETTUS PANAMENSIS Steindachner. Three specimens from Guayaquil differ from specimens from Panama only in being everywhere much darker. Family BALISTID. 81. BALISTES NAUFRAGIUM Jordan and Starks. Six specimens from 15 to 17 cm. in length were obtained at Guaya- quil, Ecuador. They agree in number of scales, fin rays, and propor- tions with specimens from Panama, but are much rougher. The first dorsal spine is more thickly set with spinules, making it thicker. The soft fin rays are constantly 26 in the dorsal and 24 in the anal. 2. adspersus Tschudi, as described, has 24 rays in the dorsal and 20 in the anal, besides differing in depth, coloration, and minor characters. In these small specimensof 2. naufragium and in specimens from Panama of » similar size the eyes are connected across the interorbital space by two narrow dark bars; one between the posterior orbital margins and one somewhat behind the anterior margins. Family TETRAODONTID#. 82. SPHEROIDES FURTHI (Steindachner). Four specimens + to 9 em. in length from Guayaquil, Ecuador, seem to be referable to this species. It may be distinguished from other west coast species of this genus by the large eye as compared with the interorbital space and length of snout. Head, 24 to 3 in length to base of caudal. Eye, 3% to 4 in head; interorbital space (bone) equal to eye; snout, 24 to 24. Dorsal, 83. anal, 7. No. 1468. FISHES FROM ECUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. 799 eee Body short and stout; snout rather steep and slightly concave in pro- file. Prickles sharpand rather closely set on back from between front of eyes to within half a diameter of eye of dorsal. Patch of prickles on ventral st face covering a larger area; extending from a little in front of eyes to vent, sending a triangular area up between eye and - gill opening nearly to dorsal patch; not extending above lower rays of pectoral on side of body. Entire side otherwise naked: no prickles on body behind vent. Caudal slightly lunate; the angles sharp. Color dark brown on back and upper part of sides; mottled on sides by spots and bars running irregularly more or less obliquely. No color on area of prickles on ventral surface. The very small specimens show slightly the crossbars on back described by Steindachner in the original description. _ Base of pectoral dusky, but no dark band is present as described. Fins without markings. Family GOBITD. 83. PHILYPNUS LATERALIS Gill. Two specimens obtained at Guayaquil, Ecuador, and one at Eten, Peru; the largest 23 cm. in length. The coloration of these specimens is scarcely so brilliant as in speci- mens of P. dormitator from the West Indies, though the contrary condition is alleged to exist. The scales number from 54 to 56, and the anal has constantly 11 rays. 84. ELEOTRIS PICTA Kner and Steindachner. Two large specimens were preserved from Guayaquil. They are black or very dark brown on upper parts and aclearer slightly lighter brown below, but with no white anywhere. The usual flecks of white on ventral partis so conspicuous in specimens from more northern localities, are at these only slightly lighter than the surrounding color and not noticeable. The fins are all black mottled with light gray, and the spinous dorsal has a light border. They do not otherwise differ from specimens from Lower California. 85. MAPO SOPORATOR (Cuvier and Valenciennes. ) Specimens from Payta, Peru; and Guayaquil, Ecuador. 86. GOBIONELLUS SAGITTULA (Ginther). Four small specimens from Guayaquil, Ecuador. They do not differ : tae > . { . Se 3 aa from specimens from the coast of Mexico, and San Diego, ( alifornia, except in having the middle rays of the caudal a little longer. Family MALACANTHIDE. 87. CAULOLATILUS PRINCEPS (Jenyns). Four specimens from Callao, Peru. 800 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. Family BATRACHOIDID. 88. BATRACHOIDES PACIFICI (Gunther). Specimens from Guayaquil, Ecuador. Family BLENNIIDA. 89. LABRISOMUS PHILIPPI (Steindachner). Six specimens from Callao have the fin formule as follows: Dorsal, XIX, 13; anal, IJ, 19 in four specimens; dorsal, XIX, 12; anal, II, 19 in one specimen; dorsal, XVIII, 13; anal, I1, 18 in one speci- men. There is considerable discrepancy between our specimens and the original description in the size of the eye. The type was nearly L0 inches long and the eye was said to be 43 in head, and 1} in snout. In our specimens from 10 to 12 inches long the eye is from 6 to 6% in head, and from 2 to 24 in snout. In a specimen 7 inches long the eye is 54 in head and 14 in snout. In some specimens light-blue spots and reticulations remain on the side of the head below the eye in addition to the dark-brown spots. 90. HYPLEUROCHILUS PAYTENSIS (Steindachner). .Two specimens were taken from rock pools at Payta, Peru, the type locality. They have 20 anal rays (one less than described for the type) and 17 and 15 dorsal rays, respectively (the type had 17). Family PLEURONECTID2. gt. PARALICHTHYS ADSPERSUS (Steindachner). One large specimen from Callao, Peru. gz. CITHARICHTHYS GILBERTI Jenkins and Evermann. One specimen from Guayaquil is very dark brown in color but other- wise not different from specimens from Panama. The scales on the eyed side of this species might better be described as finely ctenoid than ciliated. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LXV U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM i Bs PARALABRAX CALLAENSIS. . RHAMDIA GILLI. . POMADASIS BURRO. 1 2 3 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LXVI Li a wy OA KH RROD es 2in oe : ; sre C= eae = 3 1. DOYDIXODON FREMINVILLEI. 2. DOYDIXODON LA-VIFRONS. 3. SCIANA GILBERTI. NOTES ON BIRDS FROM GERMAN AND BRITISH EAST AFRICA. By Harry C. OBERHOLSER, Assistant Ornithologist, Department of Agriculture. Since the publication of the catalogue of birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott in the vicinity of Mount Kilimanjaro,“ considerable material from neighboring regions has been examined, which throws light on some of the species involved. Besides U. S. National Museum specimens, there were a number from Mombasa, British East Africa, made available in the present connection through the kindness of Dr. W. J. Holland, director of the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburg, Pennsyl- vania, who has also obligingly permitted the inclusion here of notes on a number of interesting species not represented in Doctor Abbott's col- lection; and the writer’s thanks are due him for this and other courte- sies. For purposes of convenient collation, references to Doctor Holland’s paper on Mombasa birds? are given under most of the species treated. Family GQ2DICNEMID 4. GEDICNEMUS VERMICULATUS VERMICULATUS Cabanis. Oedicnemus vermiculatus CABANIs, Journ. f. Ornith., 1868, p. 413 (Hast Africa). A single specimen from Mombasa, recorded by Doctor Holland as Edicnemus capensis,’ belongs undoubtedly to O. vermiculatus. It is a female in worn plumage, and is of interest from this northern local- ity, even though previously reported from the same place. Family COLU MBID 4. TURTUR SEMITORQUATUS INTERMEDIUS Erlanger. Turtur semitorquatus intermedius ERLANGER, Journ. f. Ornith., 1905, p. 124 (Roba- Schalo, lake region of southern Shoa, southern Abyssinia). A specimen from Mombasa‘ is identical with others from Tayeta and Mount Kilimanjaro, and belongs apparently to this form. «Oberholser, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XX VIII, 1905, pp. 828-936. bAnn. Carnegie Mus., III, 1905, pp. 453-463. ¢Idem, p. 453. @Turtur semitorquatus Holland, Ann. Carnegie Mus., ITT, 1905, p. 454. == . PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXX—No. 1469. Proce. N. M. vol. xxx—06——51 801 802 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. a TURTUR CAPICOLA TROPICUS Reichenow. Turtur capicola tropica ReicuENow, Ornith. Monatsber., 1902, p. 139 (East Africa). An example from Mombasa, recorded by Doctor Holland as Turtur capicola damarensis,“ agrees with birds from the Kilimanjaro region in typically exhibiting the characters of Zurtur c. tropicus. CHALCOPELIA CHALCOSPILA ACANTHINA Oberholser. Chalcopelia chalcospila acanthina OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XX VIII, 1905, p. 845 (Mount Kilimanjaro, German East Africa). A specimem from Mombasa? is typical of the recently described northeastern race Chalcopelia chalcospila acanthina, agreeing per- fectly with the type from Mount Kilimanjaro. Family PICID. CAMPETHERA ABINGONI MOMBASSICA (Fischer and Reichenow). Picus (Campothera) mombassicus Fiscuer and ReicHEeNnow, Journ. f. Ornith., 1884, p. 262 (Mombasa, British Kast Africa). An adult male from Mombasa exhibits the characters of this sub- species and shows it to be one of the most distinct of the races of Caumpethera abingoni. The four forms, chrysura, abingoni, suahelica, and mombassica, have been considered by Doctor Reichenow subspecies of Campethera chrysura,’ but as C. abingoni® was the earliest of these races to be described it should furnish the specific term, and the birds be called Campethera abingont abingont (Smith). Campethera abingoni chrysura (Swainson). Campethera ubingoni suahelica (Reichenow). Campethera abingont mombassica (Fischer and Reichenow). CAMPETHERA NUBICA PALLIDA (Reichenow). Dendromus nubicus var. pallida Reicurnow, Vigel Afrikas, 11, 1903, p. 179 (Mpapua, German East Africa; and Barawa, Italian Somali Land). An adult male from Mombasa ¢ differs from Kilimanjaro and Taveta specimens in its paler colors, and agrees with Doctor Reichenow’s diag- nosis of pad/ida, indicating that this is a distinguishable race. «Ann. Carnegie Mus., III., 1905, p. 454. » Chalcopelia chalcospila Holland, Ann. Carnegie Mus., III, 1905, p. 454. ¢ Dendromus chrysurus Swainson, Birds West Afr., 11, 1837, p. 158 (Senegal). Chrysoptilus abingoni Smith, Rep. Exped. Explor. Cent. Afr., Append., 1836 p. 53 (Port Natal). ¢ Dendromus nubicus Holland, Ann. Carnegie Mus., III, 1905, p. 456. iio NO. 1469. EAST AFRICAN BIRDS—OBERHOLSER. 803 DENDROPICOS GUINEENSIS MASSAICUS Neumann. Dendropicus guineensis massaicus Neumann, Journ. f. Ornith., 1900, p. 206 (Ndalalani, Nguruman Lake, Masai Land, German East Africa) A specimen from Mombasa recorded by Doctor Holland as Dendro- picos hartlaubi is just like our Taveta specimens, and is further evi- dence of the propriety of recognizing this subspecies of Dendropicos Juineensis. . Family INDICATORID 2. MELIGNOTHES MINOR DIADEMATUS (Riippell). Indicator diadematus Riirpreut, Neue Wirb. Faun, Abyss., Vogel, 1835, p. 61 (wooded region of Abyssinia). Specimens from Mombasa recorded by Doctor Holland as Jndicator minor” agree with the Kilimanjaro bird, and show that JZ m. diade- matus is the form occurring at that locality. As with most of the honey-guides, there is much individual variation in d/adematus, but this does not vitiate the characters of the race. It is of valuable inter- est to note that Riippell discovered the mistake he made when deserib- ing /ndicator diadematus, and that after comparing his bird with a specimen of ménor from the Cape of.Good Hope he declared them identical. ’ MELIGNOTHES EXILIS MELIPHILUS Oberholser. Melignothes exilis meliphilus OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XVIII, 1905, p. 869. (Taveta, British East Africa). In a paper appearing in the July issue of the Journal fitr Ornitho- logie,“ and received since my paper was published, Erlanger states that /ndicator minor teitensis Neumann“ is a subspecies of ea//7s, not, as Doctor Reichenow intimates,’ of m/nor. If this proves to be the case, I have probably redescribed Melignothes exilis teitensis (Neumann) as Melignothes extlis meliphilus, and the name te/tens’s of course should be used for this race; if not, the forms of Jelignothes stand as given in my previous paper.’ The status of the other members of the genus is not affected by this change. «Ann. Carnegie Mus., ILI, 1905, p. 456. bNeue Wirb. Faun. Abyss., Vogel, 1835, p. 85; see also Oberholser, Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus., XX VIII, 1905, p. 868. ¢ Journ. f. Ornith., July, 1905, pp. 464-467. 4Tdem, 1900, p. 195 (Bura, Teita, British Kast Africa). ¢ Vogel Afrikas, II, 1902, p. 112. J Prog U.S. Nat. Mus., XX VIII, 1905, pp. 868-874. S04 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, Family CORACTIDK. EURYSTOMUS AFER SUAHELICUS Neumann. Kurystomus afer suahelicus NeuMANN, Journ, f. Ornith., 1905, p. 186 (Tschara, Tana River, British East Africa). One of the Mombasa specimens recorded by Doctor Holland® has been examined. It is apparently typical of the eastern race recently separated by Mr. Neumann.’ Family MEROPID. MEROPS SUPERCILIOSUS SUPERCILIOSUS Linnezus. Merops superciliosus Linn.xus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 183 (Madagascar). Two specimens from Mombasa are apparently typical J/. swpercdlio- sus, and show little or no approach to Jerops superciliosus donaldsoni of Somali Land.° Family PLOCEIDZ. AMBLYOSPIZA ALBIFRONS ATHIOPICA Neumann. Amblyospiza aethiopica NeumMANN, Ornith. Monatsber., 1902, p. 9 (Omo River, Malo, Abyssinia). Two specimens from Mombasa examined belong to this race rather than to Amblyospiza albifrons albifrons to which they have been referred by Doctor Holland.” HYPHANTORNIS AUREOFLAVUS (Smith). Ploceus aureoflavus Smira, Il. Zool. 8S. Afr., Aves, 1839, text to pl. xxx, fig. 1 (Sierra Leone! [locality erroneous ?]). Three specimens of this species from Taveta, British East Africa, were inadvertently referred by the present writer’ to yphantornis bojeri. In addition to other characters, //yphantornis aureoflavus may he distinguished from //. bojeré in nearly all plumages by the less | golden—more greenish—shade of both upper and lower parts. Family PYCNONOTID. PYCNONOTUS LAYARDI MICRUS Oberholser. Pycnonotus layardi micrus OBERHOLSER, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXVIII, 1905, p. 891 (Taveta, British East Africa). Examples from Mombasa” bear out the characters originally assigned to this race. « Hurystomus afer Holland, Ann. Carnegie Mus., III, 1905, p. 457. » Eurystomus afer suahelicus NeuMANN, Journ. f. Ornith., 1905, p. 186. ¢ Merops superciliosus donaldsoni: Oberholser, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XVII, 1904, p. 737 (Bar Madu, Ganana River, Somali Land). @Ann. Carnegie Mus., ITT, 1905, p. 460. eProc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XX VIII, 1905, p. 877. J Pycnonotus layardi Holland, Ann. Carnegie Mus., III, 1905, p. 461. No. 1469. EAST AFRICAN BIRDS--OBERHOLSER. 805 Family TIMALIID®. BESSONORNIS SUBRUFESCENS INTERCEDENS Cabanis. Bessonornis intercedens OCaBanis, Journ. f. Ornith., 1878, pp. 205, 218 (Kitui, Ukamba, British East Africa). as A single adult male collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott at 5,000 feet altitude on Mount Kilimanjaro, July 22, 1888, was recently recorded as Cossypha heuglind intermedia.“ The present opportunity of com- paring it with a series of true Bessonorn is (= Cossypha) heuglini inter- media” from Mombasa shows that it belongs to the other species (2. rufescens) which differs from 2B. heuglin7 in its darker and slate-col- ored instead of olive-brown upper surface; blackish middle tail- feathers, and less extensive white superciliary stripes that do not meet across the forehead as in heuglin’. The original description of Bessonornis subrufescens’ was based on specimens from Caconda, Angola, and therefore represents the West African form, from which the Lessornis intercedens of Cabanis” seems to differ sufficiently in its smaller size and less blackish tail-feathers to stand as a subspecies. Our attention has been called by Mr. W. E. C. Todd to the fact that Cossypha,’ the name in common use for the present genus, is preoccupied in entomology (Coleoptera) by Cossyphus Fabricius;! it therefore will have to give way to Bessonornis Smith.4 Family SYLVIIDZ. CISTICOLA HYPOXANTHA Hartlaub. Cisticola hypoxantha Harriaus, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880, p. 624 (Magungo, northeastern end of Lake Albert Nyanza, British East Africa). This species, based upon a single immature specimen, has hitherto been almost uniformly synonymized with C%sticola rufa, notwith- standing its widely separated range. Four specimens, however, col- lected by Mr. Doherty at Mombasa, and recorded by Doctor Holland’ as ‘ Oisticola aff. rufee (2), sp. nov. (4) vel. ruse subspecies,” prove beyond much doubt that it is quite distinct, differing from C7sticola rufa of western Africa in its less uniform upper surface, the pileum @QOberholser, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XX VIII, 1905, p. 894. b Bessornis intermedia Cabanis, von der Decken’s Reisen, ITI, 1869, Pt. 1, p. 22, pl. x1r (coast of East Africa). ¢ Cossypha subrufescens Bocage, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 456. d Journ. f. Ornith., 1878, p. 205. eVigors, Zool. Journ., II, 1826, p. 396 (type, Turdus vociferans Swainson= Musci- capa bicolor Sparrman). f Ent. Syst., I, wt. 2, 1792, p. 97. gRep. Exped. Explor. Cent. Africa, App., 1836, p. 46 (misprinted Dessonornis ; type Dessonornis humeralis Smith ). h Ann. Carnegie Mus., III, 1905, p. 462. 806 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. being much more rufescent than the back and like it streaked with darker brown or blackish; in its lack of a perceptible superciliary stripe; much paler buffy breast, sides, and flanks; white, or at most only pale buffy lower tail-coverts; and buffy white instead of rufous inner margins of the wing-quills. It probably ranges over most if not all of British East Africa. The adult of this species, which appears to have been hitherto unknown, may be described as follows: Male, Cat. No. 8136, Carnegie Museum; Mombasa, British Kast Africa, September or October, 1900; William Doherty. Pileum and cervix mummy brown, the feathers of the former with darker cen- ters; back, scapulars, and rump hair brown, rufescent anteriorly, the feathers, except on the rump, with dark brown shaft streaks; upper tail-coverts mummy brown; tail bistre brown, the middle pair of rectrices with an obsolete subterminal band of darker, the remaining ones with more or less extensive grayish or buffy tips and blackish subterminal bars; wings fuscous, the secondary coverts and tertials broadly margined with hair brown, more rufescent on the greater coverts; the primary coverts, primaries, and secondaries edged exter- ternally with rufescent bistre brown; lores, a narrow eye ring, cheeks, and auriculars buff, the last mixed with pale brownish; sides of neck brown like the nape, but considerably lighter; chin, middle of throat and abdomen, with lower tail-coverts, creamy white; remainder of under parts cream buff, deeper on sides and flanks; lining of wing pale cream buff; inner margins of wing-quills dull buffy whitish. The immature bird, on which the original description of melano- wantha was based, and of which there are two specimens in the Doherty collection, differs from the adult in being almost uniformly pale yel- lowish below, and more uniform dull rufescent or yellowish brown on the upper parts, the pileum scarcely more rufescent than the back. Measurements of this species are given below. | Exposed | Sex and age. Locality. Date. Wing. | Tail. culmen. Tarsus, | mm. mm. | mm. mm. Female adult.....- Mombasa, British East | September or Oc- 43.5 34.5 10.5 18.0 Africa. tober, 1900. DOr cosas seen Gos: best eee [aaa Go: 652422 sce] 44.0 2.0 | 9.5 17.0 Male juvenile ..... eee GO? 2. 8ee sceeceeeeee | erage cat GO'. scc2ee seuss 47.5 41.0 | 9.5 17.0 Female juvenile ..)..... GO. see eek cece ca aees dO ws canteens 44.0 38.0 8.5 17.5 Average... }oc.c- Scat ae Nee ee eae eed 44.8] 36.4 9.5 17.4 one No. 1469. EAST AFRICAN BIRDS—OBERHOLSER. 807 SYLVIETTA WHYTII JACKSONI Sharpe. Sylviella jacksoni SHarpr, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, VII, 1897, p. vii (Kamassia British East Africa). _ Avsingle specimen from Mombasa, recorded by Doctor Holland as - Sylviella micrura,” is identical with the example collected by Doctor Abbott at Taveta, and substantiates our remarks concerning the status of Sylvietta whytii gacksoni .° PRINIA MISTACEA Riippell. Prinia mistacea RiiprEvt, Neue Wirb. Faun. Abyss., Vogel, 1835, p. 110 (Gondar, Abyssinia ). _ Immature birds of this exceedingly variable species differ consider- _ ably from the adults in their paler upper surface, more rufescent wing _ margins, and pale bills, this last a characteristic of both male and _ female, as is shown by two specimens from Mombasa.° Family MUSCICAPID%. BATIS SENEGALENSIS ORIENTALIS (Heuglin). Platystira orientalis Huei, Ornith. Nordost-Afr., I, 1871, p. 449 (Abyssinia). A specimen from Mombasa” is typical of this form. PLATYSTEIRA CRYPTOLEUCA Oberholser. Platysteira cryptoleuca OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XVIII, 1905, p. 915 (Useri River, plains of Mount Kilimanjaro, British East Africa). _ Specimens from Mombasa, recorded by Doctor Holland as /%aty- _steira peltata,’ agree with the type of cryptoleuca in having the large concealed patch of white on the nape, but both male and female some- times have concealed white spots on the rump, from which it appears ‘that their absence is not constantly diagnostic of cryptoleuca, as supposed. av 'Sr TCHITREA FERRETI Guerin. Tchitrea ferreti Guirtn, Rey. Zool., 1843, p. 162 (Abyssinia). Examination of considerable additional material since the publica- tion of my previous notes on 7¢hitrea suahelical seems to throw light on the relationships of Zchitrea suahelica, T. perspicillata, and 7, _ viridis (= T. cristata Authors). « Ann. Carnegie Mus., III, 1905, p. 463. bProc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XX VIII, 1905, p. 906. ¢These are numbers 8131 and 8132, Carnegie Museum, which were inadvertently recorded by Doctor Holland (Ann. Carnegie Mus., ITT, 1905, p. 462) under ‘‘Cisti- — cola aff. rufee.”’ d Batis senegalensis Holland, Ann. Carnegie Mus., ITT, 1905, p. 458. Ann. Carnegie Mus,, III, 1905, p. 458. f Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVIII, 1905, p. 915. 808 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, There seems to be little doubt that the birds from Abyssinia and other parts of northeastern Africa, which represent Tchitrea ferreti Guérin,® are identical with those from East Africa which Doctor Reichenow has called 7! swahelica;” and the proper name for both is therefore 7chitrea ferreti Guérin. Mr. Oscar Neumann in a recent connection“ has revived this name for the Abyssinian bird, which he found to differ from the west African 7. wiridis, and of which he made it a subspecies, but he appears to be unacquainted with Reiche- now’s 7. suahelica, or at least not to have suspected its relationship to T. ferreti. The present study has but confirmed the opinion previously ex- pressed“ that 7chitrea ferret (i. e., Tchitrea suahelica) is a perfectly distinct species, although in some respects intermediate between 7: perspicillata and T. viridis, or, as it might possibly be more accurately stated, combining their characters. In its chestnut-backed plumage, of all stages except the very young, and even before the long central tail-feathers appear, it differs from Zchitrea perspicillata in its more blackish wing-quills; black primary coverts and outermost secondary coverts; broad white instead of rufous edgings to the exterior webs of most of the primaries, secondaries, primary coverts, and outer secondary coverts; more bluish head and upper throat; less purely white lining of wings, and less whitish abdomen. In its white plum- age, to which there seems to be no corresponding stage in 7. perspi- cillata, it of course differs additionally by reason of its white back and tail. From 7chitrea viridis of western Africa it may readily be dis- tinguished in rufous-backed plumage, by the white or at most very pale rufous lower tail-coverts; much less uniform lower surface, the abdomen being much paler—on the anal region sometimes even whitish—and the metallic bluish of the throat less extended posteriorly ; grayish or rufescent white instead of plain slate-colored lining of wings, including axillars; and more extensive white margins of the wing- quills and coverts. In the white-backed plumage, however, these two species are, like some of the oriental forms of this genus, much more difficult to distinguish, but 7: ferrete may be identified by its paler abdomen, less posterior extension of the metallic blue of the throat, white lower tail-coverts, more whitish lining of wing, and rather broader and more extensive white margins of the wing-quills and coverts, although it must be said that all of these characters, excepting the first two, are to some extent uncertain. So far as 7chitrea perspicillata is concerned with 7. viridis, there is comparatively little real need for comparison, as it differs much more «Rev. Zool., 1848, p. 162. » Terpsiphone .perspicillata suahelica Reichenow, Werth. Mittl. Hochl. deutsch. Ost-Afr., 1898, p. 275. ¢ Journ. f. Ornith., 1905, pp. 211-218. 4 Oberholser, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X X VIII, 1905, p. 915. ae No. 1469, EAST AFRICAN BIRDS—OBERHOLSER. 8:9 than from 7. ferreti, or than even does the latter from 7 viridis. However, from 7. viridis in rufous-backed stage, 7. perspicillata may readily be distinguished by its brown instead of black wing-quills: uniform rufous wing without white edgings or black coverts: exten- sively white lining of wing; whitish abdomen; white under tail-coverts: paler breast; and more greenish metallic shade of head and throat. which color is less extended posteriorly on the lower surface. The geographical distribution of these three species is about as fol- lows: Tchitrea perspicillata (Swainson).—Southeastern Africa, north to near the Zambesi River. Tehitrea ferreti Guérin (= Tchitrea perspicillata suahelica |Reich- enow]).—KHastern and northeastern Africa, from the Zambesi River to Abyssinia and Somali Land. Tchitrea viridis (Miller) (= Tchitrea cristata |Gmelin]|).—West- ern Africa, from Senegambia to Gabun. Family LANITD2®. POMATORHYNCHUS SENEGALUS ARMENUS, new subspecies. Chars. subsp.—Similar to Pomatorhynchus senegalus senegalus in size and general color, but upper parts more rufescent, the anterior portion of the superciliary stripe tinged with ochraceous instead of being pure white; lower surface more washed with buffy. Description.—Type, adult male, No. 118,148 U.S.N.M.; Plains of Taveta, British East Africa, June 28, 1888; Dr. W. L. Abbott. Pileum, lores, and postocular streak black; superciliary stripe ochra- ceous buff, paler anteriorly; upper and lower eyelids white; cheeks buffy whitish; auriculars and sides of neck tawny clay color; cervix, back, and scapulars reddish chestnut, the last with broad brownish black centers; rump and upper tail-coverts hair brown; middle tail- feathers broccoli brown, numerously and narrowly barred with darker brown; remaining rectrices black, with broad white tips which increase in size on the outer feathers, the two outermost also narrowly margined with whitish on the distal portion of their outer webs; wing-quills fuscous, broadly edged externally with ferruginous, the tertials also bordered on both webs with a lighter shade of the same; superior wing-coverts ferruginous, the greater series with narrow shaft mark- ings of blackish; ventral surface white; washed with buffy, particularly on the lower tail-coverts; the breast, sides, and flanks more or less shaded with grayish; edge of wing white; lining of wing and inner edges of wing-quills basally tawny. Two of the specimens on which the description of this form is based were recently recorded as Pomatorhynchus senegalus s¢ negalus,” Wut 9 a Oberholser, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXVIII, 1905, p. 925. 810 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. the comparison of further material shows that the bird from South Africa and most of East Africa differs subspecifically from that of west- ern and northwestern Africa, as above set forth. Apparently this southern race has hitherto received no name that can be used for it, since all the synonyms of the species are otherwise applicable. The original Lanius senegalus” was of course based onthe bird from Senegal; Zandus erythropterus Shaw,” in so far as it relates to the present species, is from the same region, as indicated by the description and part of the syn- onymy cited, i. e., ‘‘La Pie-Griéche rousse a téte noire du Sénégal” of Daubenton,’ although it is evident that Shaw had confused the two species Pomatorhynchus senegalus and Pomatorhynchus tschagra ; Tchagra senegalensis Lesson“ is also from Senegal; and Lanéus coro- natus Vieillot “ from an unknown locality is evidently applicable to the same form; while the Pomatorhynchus orientalis of Cabanis,/ from Mombasa, is subspecifically different from both senegalus and the pres- ent race, as shown below. Measurements of Pomatorhynchus senegalus armenus are as follows: 2 se 3 : Exposed Sex. Locality. Date. Wing. | Tail. aolnent Tarsus. mm. mm. mm. mm. Males 5.552 were cass | Plains of Taveta, British Kast | June 28,1888 82 93 19.5 | 29 Africa.a DOs ene stems | Taveta, British East Africa...| May 1,1888 87 101 19.5 28 Southi-Ainica Pes see re seeene hgh Sate eee eee SS 86 103 20.0 33 AVECTRE OG 22 oor oe eos { Sige eee ane 85 99 19.7 30 a Type. POMATORHYNCHUS SENEGALUS ORIENTALIS Cabanis. Pomatorhynchus orientalis CABANIs, von der Decken’s Reisen, III, 1869, p. 27, in text (Mombasa, British East Africa). A series of eight specimens from Mombasa, the type locality, shows that this form, hitherto usually considered inseparable from Pomator- hynchus senegalus, is well worthy of recognition. It differs from true P. senegalus of western Africa in its inferior size, more slender bill, and decidedly paler upper surface; and from 7”. senegalus armenus by reason of its smaller size, much paler, more grayish upper surface, and less buffy lower parts. « Linneeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 137. bGen. Zool., VII, Pt. 2, 1809, p. 301. ¢Pl. Enl., pl. coccixx1x; fig. 1. @ Traité d’Ornith., 1831, p. 373. € Nouy. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., XX VI, 1818, p. 140. J Von der Decken’s Reisen, III, 1869, p. 27, in text. 1469. _ EAST AFRICAN BIRDS—OBERIHOLSER,. 81] ~ Measurem-nts are as below: Sex. Locality. Date. Wing.| Tail. | 2XPosed | pa rcus : ; culmen. | mace ue es Ce -s : mm. mm. | mm. ‘ Hee siss Mombasa, British East Africa.) September or Octo- 71.0 75 ‘ 7. 5 me de 0 ber, 1900. a WGA Se Sho WO) a0: dock Sat Sees pe eubeeeas sane GOK 22 sae. Se see iaeon| 85 20.0 28.0 DO sachs = Gly 3 oat eRe een ar a nna Vo eRe anes Sere 86.0 | 92 21.0 | 29.0 LORS se Bee US sosseh-shcedecbesJdeeeD5 sees Dome. setae | 81.0 89 | 20.0 | 29.0 Dh 5eee ae teee eee eee ate aes ee (ceo. 3 GOP se ae 83.5 | 94 | 21.0 | 69.5 J SEERTIES ERS Se GSES 06Gs6| CECE eee 79.8 | 87 | 19.9 | 28.1 _ There are thus three forms of Pomatorhynchus senegalus, whose names and geographical ranges are as follows: Pomatorhynchus senegalus senegalus (innzeus).— Western and northwestern Africa. — Pomatorhynchus senegalus armenus Oberholser.—South Africa and eastern Africa north to the Kilimanjaro region. — Pomatorhynchus senegalus orientalis Cabanis.—Coast region of _ British East Africa, and probably northward. Family NECTARINIIDZ. CINNYRIS OLIVACEA RAGAZZII (Salvadori). Eleocerthia ragazzii Satvavort, Ann. Mus. Stor. Nat. Genoya, Ser. 24, VI (XX VI), 1888, p. 247 (Fekerie Ghem forest, Shoa, Abyssinia). Specimens from Mombasa“ are identical with those from Kiliman- _ jaro, and serve even moré clearly to emphasize the distinctness of this race. . Family HIRUNDINID®. HIRUNDO PUELLA ABYSSINICA Guerin. Hirundo abyssinica Gurr, Rey. Zool., 1843, p. 322 (Abyssinia). Specimens from Mombasa’ are very typical of this eastern sub- species, and agree perfectly with birds from Mount Kilimanjaro. Family FRINGILLID®. PASSER SWAINSONI GONGONENSIS (Oustalet). Pseudostruthus gongonensis OustaLer, Le Naturaliste, 1890, p. 274 (Gongoni, near Mombasa, British East Africa). This large, pale form replaces true Passer swainsoni in southern Somali Land and in British East Africa, but is quite certainly only subspecifically distinct. A specimen in the Doherty collection, from Mombasa,‘ belongs to this race. @ Chalcomitra obscura ragazzii, Holland, Ann. Carnegie Mus., III, 1905, p. 462. » Hirundo puella Holland, Ann. Carnegie Mus., III, 1905, p. 457. ¢ Passer swainsoni Holland, Ann. Carnegie Mus., III, 1905, p. 461. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF THREADFIN (FAMILY POLYNEMIDA) FROM JAPAN. By Davin Srarr Jorpan and Richarp Crrrrenpen McGrecor, Of Stanford University, California. In this paper is given an account of the single species which repre- sents in Japan the tropical family of /olynemide or Threadtins. Family POLYNEMID 2. Body oblong, compressed, and covered with rather large, loosely inserted, ctenoid scales. Lateral line continuous, continued on the tail, usually forked, with a branch on each lobe. Head entirely scaly; snout more or less conical, projecting over the mouth, which is rather large, inferior, with lateral cleft; premaxillary protractile, its basal “process vertical; maxillary without supplemental bone, extending much beyond the eye, which is anterior, lateral, rather large, with a well-developed, adipose eyelid. Villiform teeth on jaws, palatines, and sometimes on vomer. Pseudo-branchiz concealed. Branchioste- gals 7. Gill membranes separate and free from the isthmus. Gills, 4, a slit behind the fourth. Two separate dorsals, somewhat remote from each other, the first of 8 feeble but rather high spines, the first and last spines very short, the third longest; the second dorsal equal to first in height,-but base somewhat longer, of soft rays only. Anal fin either similar to or much longer than soft dorsal; caudal fin rather ‘long, widely forked. Second dorsal, anal, and caudal fins more or less covered with small scales; the first 3 or 4 dorsal spines winged. Ven- trals I, 5, abdominal, but not far removed from pectorals; pectoral fins moderate, placed low, in two parts, the lower and anterior portion of several filiform articulated appendages, free from each other, used as organs of touch. In the young the dorsal, caudal, and pectoral fins are dusky, the anal and ventral tins white; all the fins grow darker with age, the pectorals usually becoming black, the operculum blackish. Bones of the skull with a well-developed muciferous system as In Scienide. Basis cranii double, with muscular tube; post-temporal PRocEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No. 1470. 919 814 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, XXX, bifurcate; hypercoracoid with median foramen; superior pharyngeal bones 4. Pectoral actinosts divided; 2 of them normal, supporting the pectoral fin, 1 longitudinal, without rays, and 1 a plate on the coracoid, supporting the pectoral filaments. Stomach ccecal, with a few pyloric appendages. Air bladder various, sometimes wanting. Vertebre 10+ 14=24. Genera 4, Galeoides, Polistonemus, Polyne- mus, and Polydactylus; the species inhabiting sandy shores of tropical seas, and sometimes entering rivers. Most of them are valued as food-tishes, their flesh resembling that of the Scienide. The relations of this peculiar family appear to be with the Scizenidz on the one hand, and with the Mugilide on the other, but all these resemblances may be superficial. POLYDACTYLUS Lacépede: Trichidion Kurtn, Historia Piscium, Missus., 1749, V, p. 28 (Piracoaba Marc- GRAVE=virginicus), (non-binomial). Polynemus Linnmus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 317 (in part, quinguarius ; virginicus; paradiseus). Polydactylus LackrEpr, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1832, VIII, p. 181, (plumieri=virgini- cus), (leaving Polynemus as the name of quinguarius). Polynemus GUNTHER, Cat., 1860, II, p. 319 (paradisxus). ; Trichidion Git, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 274 (plumieri=virginicus). Anal fin not much longer than soft dorsal, of about 13 or 14 rays; vomer with teeth; preoperculum serrate; free filaments of pectorals mostly shorter than body. Teeth in yilliform bands on both jaws, vomer, palatines, and pterygoids. Preopercle sharply serrated on its posterior margin, its angle with a scaly flap. Scales rather small, finely ctenoid. First dorsal with 7 or 8 feeble, rather high spines, the firstand last short. Soft dorsal and anal fins about equaling each other; pectoral filaments 3 to 9. Pyloric ceca in great number. Species numerous in warm seas, one of them reaching the shores of Japan. (zo\us, many; daKTvAOs, finger.) POLYDACTYLUS AGONASI Jordan and McGregor, new species. AGONASHI (WITHOUT JAW); TSUBAME-KONOSHIRO (SWALLOW-TAIL SHAD).¢ Polynemus plebeius SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1845, p. 29, pl. x1, fig. 1; Naga- saki; (not Pelynemus plebejus of Broussonet, a species from Tahiti=Polyne- mus lineatus GUNTHER; not Polynemus plebejus GUNTHER, Cat., II, p. 329= Polynemus zophomus JorDAN and McGrecor, new name, an Indian species with larger scales and a black humeral spot.—Namiye, Class. Cat., 1881, p. 94; Tokyo.—Isarkawa, Prel. Cat., 1894, p. 45; Tokyo; Kagoshima. Polydactylus plebeius JORDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XIII, 1900, pp. 358, 752; Tokyo, Yokohama.—Jorpan and Snyper, Check List, 1901, p. 85; Yokohama. Head, 34 in length to base of caudal; depth, 33. «Tsubame—a swallow; konoshiro—a gizzard shad ( Konosirus punctatus). EY > a NO. 1470. A NEW THREADFIN—JORDAN AND McGREGOR. 815 Dorsal, VITI-I, 13; anal, II, 12; scales, 68; 5 free pectoral rays, the longest reaching tip of ventral; eye, 4 in head; scales rather small, ctenoid. — This species, the common Polydactylus of Japan, locally known as Agonashi (the fish without a jaw), was referred by Schlegel to Poly- nemus plebejus Broussonet, a common species of the coral reefs of the South Pacific originally described from Tahiti. From this species it differs notably in color and also in minor details of form. The two are, however, closely related. In form Polydactylus agonasi is very similar to P. plebejus, but the coloration of the two species is different; in 2. plebejus the general color is very dark, the fins are almost black and the body is brown; AERATED \) A BRAS hy i) S99N 80044 MN) POLYDACTYLUS AGONASI. above the lateral line there is a series of narrow dark brown lines extending along the entire side of body; opposite base of second dorsal there are 7 of these dark lines above lateral line; below lateral line they are faintly developed. The coloration in 2. agonasi in alcohol is pale silvery yellow; first dorsal and pectoral speckled with dark brown. There are no dark stripes, or mere traces of streaks along the rows of scales. In P. plebejus the second dorsal and anal are more concave and caudal more faleate than in P. agonasi; the scales are of the same size in the two species. The type of Polydactylus agonasi (Tokyo, K. Otaki) is numbered 55600, U.S.N.M., two other specimens (cotypes, No. 9879, Stanford University) are in Stanford University from Tokyo. The species was found by Jordan and Snyder rather common at Nagasaki and somewhat rare in the markets of Tokyo. The specimens from Kotosho, Formosa, recorded by: Jordan and Evermann,¢ with the scales 50, belongs apparently to Polydactylus zophomus. aProc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XV, p. 301. A NEW TREE TOAD FROM COSTA RICA. By Lronnarp STEINEGER, Curator, Division of Reptiles and Batrachians. Some time ago the United States National Museum acquired a small but well-preserved collection of batrachians made in Costa Rica by Messrs. Burgdorf and Schild. Among several interesting species there is a new //yla which it is desirable to place on record now. HYLA PHLEBODES, new species. Diagnosis. —Skin of head not involved in cranial ossification; choanse moderate; vomerine teeth in two small groups, on a level with the posterior edge of the choanv; outer fingers one-fourth webbed; tym- panum one-third the diameter of the eye; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching the tip of snout; no tarsal fold; a distinct inner metatarsal tubercle. Fabitat.—Costa Rica. Type.—Cat. No. 29970, U.S.N.M.; San Carlos, Costa Rica; Burg- dorf and Schild, collectors. Description of type.—Adult female: Tongue nearly circular, scarcely emarginate behind; vomerine teeth in two very small groups on a level with the posterior edge of the moderately large choanz, each group consisting of about four teeth, the distance between the groups equaling their diameter; head moderate, slightly broader than long; snout short, shorter than diameter of eye, slightly rounded, not pro- jecting; canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region somewhat concave; interorbital space broader than upper eye-lid; tympanum distinct, about one-third the diameter of eye; outer fingers one-fourth webbed, inn2r with a rudiment of web at base only; no projecting pollex; toes nearly fully webbed; disks of digits smaller than tympanum; subar- ticular tubercles moderate; inner metatarsal tubercle distinct, about one-third the length of inner toe, outer one very indistinct; no tarsal fold; tibio-tarsal articulation of hind limb carried forward reaches the tip of snout; upper surface shagreened with scattered indistinct warts; PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXX—No. 1471. Proc. N. M. vol, xxx—06——42 817 818 -.- PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. throat smooth, rest of underside coarsely granular; a strong fold from posterior angle of eye above ‘tympanum to shoulder; a sharp fold from side of neck to groin, and a very strong one across the chest from one arm to the other. Color (in alcohol) above vinaceous drab with « coarse network of dark purplish reticulations; tibia with a number of narrow cross lines of the same color; underside uniform whitish. Dimensions. : Mm. Total length; tip of.snout: to ventss2 S25. 2230 = en ee eee 27 Width of head: 2.22 2.22232 Soe: Fe ae ee 9° Length of fore limbs. 2 Sage oe pe see See ee ae et ea eer iW Length of hind limb: from vent to.longest toe. *- 352-225 25 peewee nee stele ee THE MAMMALS OF ENGANO ISLAND, WEST SUMATRA. By Gerrit 5S. Miter, Jr 9) Assistant Curator, Division of Mammals. The mammal fauna of Engano Island was first made known in 1894, when Mr. Oldfield Thomas published an account of the collections _ made there three years before by Doctor Modigliani.“ Twelve species, _ mostly bats, were recorded, one of which, Pteropus modiglianii, was _ described as new. He places two species in the genus, P. rousseaui and 2. prowima, remarking that they are nearly the same size. It would seem from the figures, however, that the former is much larger than the latter. Of 7. roussevu/, Van Beneden remarks as follows: ‘*The humerus is distinguished from all the others because it is more robust and straighter, the deltoid ridge is little curved and its internal face is scarcely concave, while in all other seals it presents a deep fossa. The bicipital groove is also less deep and is terminated above by the greater tuberosity, which is very strong and much ele- vated. The posterior face (of the humerus) is not concave below the neck, as in the other genera.”¢ Of 7. prordma, he remarks: ** The humerus is straight, asin the preceding species and differs in that par- ticular from existing species. The head is quite large and the neck little pronounced. The greater tuberosity is abraded, but it does not appear to have had the degree of development nor the height found in the ordinary seals. The deltoid ridge is straight, so that the bicipital ap. J. Van Bepeden. Bibeseription des Ossements Fossiles des environs d’ Anvers, Ire Partie, Pinnipédes ou Amphithériens, Ann. Mus. Roy. d’ Hist. Nat. Belg., I, 1877, texte et planches. bIdem, p. 78. ¢Idem, p. 79. 838 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. groove is shallow and but little curved (ondu/ée). The external face of the ridge is concave as far as the neck. The entepicondylar fora- men is perfect. The internal tuberosity is raised into a thin ridge toward the posterior face.” “ These two species, while they present certain similarities, as indi- cated by the figures published by Van Beneden,? seem to me to differ in so many details, at least as regards the humerus, that they can hardly be considered as belonging in the same genus. The principal resem- blance between them is in the flatness of the inner face of the deltoid ridge, or, in other words, the shallowness of the bicipital groove. On the other hand, the two forms, aside from marked disparity in size, present numerous differences. In P. rousseaué the humerus is very massive and the profile of the shaft has nearly the same concavity on the two sides, while in 2. provima the humerus is slender and the external profile of the shaft nearly straight, and the internal profile is strongly concave. Again, the posterior profile of the shaft is concave in P. rousseaui and straight in P. proxima. In the former the free margin of the deltoid ridge is thick throughout and bends down grad- ually to the general surface of the shaft distally, while in P. prorima it is thick in upper portion, but diminishes suddenly in breadth at about the middle of its length, forming a distinct thin edge distally. Its distal termination joins the shaft ata sharp angle. The lower por- tion of the humerus of 7% vousseaud is wanting, and it is not known, therefore, whether there is an entepicondylar foramen in this species. On account of the differences above mentioned, I am inclined to con- sider 2. rousseau/ as the type and only species of the genus Prophoca. P. provima, as far as may be judged from Van Beneden’s figures, pre- sents the peculiar feature of a thin-edged deltoid ridge, much as in Leptophoca, bat as it differs in that the shaft of the humerus is straighter and that the concavity below the neck on the posterior face of the shaft is lacking, I am uncertain as to whether it should be referred to that genus. It is a little larger than Z. denzs. A considerable number of other species of European fossil seals have been described more or less fully by various authors. The majority of these are not comparable with Leptophoca, having been founded on teeth or on bones belonging to parts of the skeleton differ- ent from those on which Leptophoca is based. Of the two or three in which the humerus is known, the form from Bessarabia described and figured by Nordmann in 1860 under the name of Phoca maeotica® shows a close affinity to Leptophoca. The humerus is almost of equal size, and in its general form and characters and in many details, as judged aP>J. Van Beneden, Description des Ossements Fossiles des environs d’ Anvers, lre Partie, Pinnipédes ou Amphithériens, Ann. Mus. Roy. d’Hist. Nat. Belg., I, 1877, texte et planches, p. 80. >Idem, pl. xvin. ¢A. Nordmann, Paleontologie Sudriisslands, IV, 1860, pp. 313 and 317, pl. xxi, figs. 1, 2. Jet 3 No. 1475. NEW FOSSIL SEAL—TRUE. 839 _ by Nordmann’s figures, it presents very close similarity. It appears to differ, however, in that the distance from the distal end of the deltoid ridge to the trochlea is much less than in Z. /en/s and that _ the transverse breadth of the bone opposite the entepicondylar fora- men is considerably less; the external face of the ridge appears to be _ convex rather than concave. I have no hesitancy in referring Phoca _maeotica to the genus Leptophoca, but it probably represents a spe- cies distinct from Z. lenis. Other bones from the Calvert Cliffs, Maryland, which are probably, but not certainly, referable to Z. /en/s are figured on Plate LX XVI, figs. 1-3. They consist of the proximal end of the conjoined right tibia and fibula, a lumbar vertebra (last), and the right radius of a young indi- vidual. These were collected by me at the same locality as the type of L. lenis, and in size and general appearance suggest specitic identity. The fragment of the tibia and fibula resembles the same part in Phoca grenlandica, but is somewhat smaller and more slender and delicate. In its general conformation, however, it approaches nearer to Halicherus, especially in the position of the proximal end of the fibula, which is ona level with the proximal end of the tibia, and in the convexity of the internal face of the tibia. Theanterior and posterior faces of the tibia® are very deeply concave, the bone between them being very thin. The lumbar vertebra lacks the transverse processes and metapoph- yses and the neural spine, but the neural arch is complete and the anterior zygapophyses. From the shape and position of the portions of the processes remaining, it is probable that the bone is the posterior lumbar. It resembles the same vertebra in P. granlandica, but is considerably smaller, and the anterior zygapophyses are much more concave and are directed upward rather than inward. The median depression of the posterior epiphysis of the centrum is much below the level of the depression of the anterior epiphysis. The radius (right), which is that of a young animal, lacks the head and distal epiphysis. It presents no salient characters, except that the tuberosity is large and is situated high up toward the neck. The dimensions of the foregoing bones are as follows: Tibia and fibula.—Total length of fragment, 59 mm. ; breadth at proximal end, 51; transverse br eadth of condyles, 41; Hare posterior breadth of larger condyle, 26; of internal surface of tibia, 21. Lumbar vertebra. a aeiti of centrum, 33 mm.; breadth of anterior epiphysis, 27; depth of same, 23; vertical Heche of neural arch, anteriorly, 12. Radius.—Total length (head and epiphysis lacking), 7S mm. ; greatest breadth at distal end, 30; at proximal end, 16: least diameter of lf attlo; aIn a seal, as theshind me are directed backward, these surfaces are actnally external and internal in relative position. 840 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XxX, The exact position in the Miocene to which Leptophoca belongs is a matter of much interest, and, fortunately, some light is thrown on that subject by the fossil shells found in the marl adhering to the type- specimen. These have been identified by Dr. William H. Dall, who kindly took them in hand at my request, as representing Venus riley7 and a species of Crassatellites. Reference to Prof. George B. Shat- tuck’s article on the Geological and Paleontological Relations of the Maryland Miocene“ shows that Venus riley? and Crassatellites meli- nus have been found together in the Calvert Cliffs only in zone 10, and ata point 1 mile north of Plum Point; or, in other words, 2 or 3 miles south of the point where the bones of Zeptophoca were found. While species of Crassatellites have been found in other zones of the Calvert Clitis, Venus riley? appears to occur only in zone 10. It seems highly probable, therefore, that Leptophoca belongs to this zone of the Cal- vert formation. The Calvert formation represents the Lower Mio- cene, a fact which is of interest because the majority of Van Beneden’s genera and species are assigned to the Pliocene. Only Jlonatherium and Prophoca are assigned to the Miocene, and even these to the Upper rather than to the Lower Miocene. It is to be noted, however, that the ‘sable noir” in which Prophoca occurs is associated by Van Beneden, on the authority of Nyst, with the Miocene of the Vienna Basin,’ which formation Zittel places on the Middle Miocene.? The Tertiary beds of Bessarabia, in which the remains of Nordmann’s Phoca macotica, the nearest relative of Leptophoca lenis, were found, are also assigned to the Middle Miocene. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Prats LDXXV. Fig. 1. Right humerus of Phoca grenlandica. Anterior view. 2. Right humerus of Leptophoca lenis. Cat. No. 53859, U.S.N.M. Vert. Paleon. Type. Anterior view. 3. The same. Posterior view. 4. Thesame. External view. (All the figures a little less than natural size. ) Pirate LXX VI. Fig. 1. Right radius of Leptophoca lenis? Exterior view. Cat. No. 5362. 2. Proximal end of conjoined tibia and fibula of Leptophoca lenis? Anterior view. Cat. No. 5361. 3. Posterior lumbar vertebra of Leptophoca lenis? Dorsal view. Cat. No. 5363. 4. Humerus of a fossil sirenian from the same locality as Leptophoca. Anterior view. Cat. No. 5360. (All the figures natural size. ) P . aG. B. Shattuck, Geological and paleontological relations, with a review of earlier investigations, Rept. Maryland Geol. Sury., Miocene, Text, 1904, pp. Ixxxvi to xcii. oP: J. Van Beneden—Description des Ossements Fossiles des environs d’ Anyers, lre Partie, Pinnipédes, Ann. Mus. Roy. d’ Hist. Nat. Belg., I, 1877, p. 79. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LXXV HUMERUS OF LEPTOPHOCA LENIS AND OF PHOCA GRCENLANDICA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 840 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LXXVI BONES OF LEPTOPHOCA LENIS AND OF A FOSS FOR EXPLANATI& F PLATE § PAGE 840 - THE GIANT BASS OF JAPAN. By Davip Starr Jordan and Joun OrrerBeEINn SNYDER. Of Stanford University, California. On the coasts of Japan are found two species of bass: like fishes, each reaching a huge size and comparable to the immense fishes known as jew-fishes on the coast of the United States. These species are the Ishinagi (stone-bass) or O’uwo (giant fish), Stercolepis ischinag?, (= Megaperca ischinagi Hilgendorf), and the Aburabodzu (fat-priest) (Erilepis zonifer Lockington= L’bisus sagamius Jordan and Snyder). The first species belongs to the family Serranidie, the other to the family Anoplopomatide, the two being not at all related. The accompanying plates are by Mr. William S. Atkinson. 1. STEREOLYPIS ISCHINAGI (Hilgendorf). Megaperca ischinagi Hincenvorr, Sitz, Naturf, Freunde, Berlin, 1878, p. 156 (Tokyo).—SrEmspAcHNER and DopERLEIN, Fische Japans, I, 1883, p. 228, pl. mm, fig. 3 (Tokyo).—JorpAN and Snyper, Check-List Fishes Japan, 1900, p. 73 (Yokohama).—Jorpan and Snyper, Proc.U.S. Nat. Mus., X XIII, 1900 (July 2, 1901), p. 3854 (Tokyo). Head, 2;°; in length to base of caudal; depth, 22; depth of caudal peduncle, 8$; snout, 32 in head; maxillary, 24; eye, 5; width of inter- orbital space, 4;.D. XII, 11; A. III, 7; scales, 14-87-81. Interorbital space flat; lower jaw projecting; preorbital and subor- bital with strong ridges, the suborbital ridges uniting to form a single erest, which extends upward behind the eye; lips thick; maxillary extending to a point below posterior edge of orbit, its upper edge cov- ered anteriorly by the preorbital; supplemental maxillary distinct, its lower edge with a pronounced ridge. Teeth in broad villiform bands on jaws, vomer, palatines, and upper and lower pharyngeals; tongue smooth. Large pseudobranchie present; gillrakers, 3--5, large and strong. Opercle with 2 spines, the upper short and broad, the lower longer and more pointed; preopercle strongly serrate; subopercle with a few serrations; edge of interopercle rough; throat, snout and top of head naked; occipital and parietals witha few strong radiating ridges, which show through the naked skin; cheeks and opercles scaly; scales PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No. 1476. j 841 842 © PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. of head and body eycloid, growing slightly ctenoid posteriorly; each scale with a vertical, tuberculate ridge, imparting a characteristic roughness to the covering of the body; fins with minute scales; lateral line following the contour of back; first dorsal spine very short, almost entirely concealed; the fifth ray longest, 14 in head; membrane of spinous dorsal deeply incised between spines, the attached portion of the membrane extending halfway up anterior edge of spine; longest dorsal ray, 24 inhead; edge of fin, rounded; origin of anal below base of third dorsal ray; the spines strong and prominent, the second, 44 in head; margin of fin rather pointed in outline; pectoral unsym- metrical, upper rays longest, 24 in head; ventral, 12; caudal, 64, lunate. Body olivaceous, with 6 broad lateral dusky stripes; the first extending along base of dorsal, the second following lateral line to ‘audal peduncle where it joins the third, the fourth passing from FIG. 1.—STEREOLYPIS ISCHINAGI. base of pectoral to caudal, the fifth and sixth rather indistinct, merg- ing near base of anal; head dusky above; soft dorsal, anal and pectorals strongly edged with dusky, the soft dorsal narrowly tipped with whitish. Described from a specimen 14 inches long taken at Hakodate by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer A/batross. In our explorations of Japan we saw specimens of the Ishinagi at Hakodate, Tokyo, Yokohama, and Misaki. The largest of these was about 6 feet in length. The species is apparently more common in northern Japan than southward, the center of abundance being about Hakodate and the Straits of Tsugaru. This species is well separated from Stereolepis gigas Ayres, of the coast of California, by the larger scales, and especially by the form of No. 1476. GIANT BASS OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. " 843 its spinous dorsal fin, the spines in Stereolep/s gigas being very much lower. The nominal genus Megaperca, however, differs but slightly from Stereolepis, the only tangible character resting in the marked _. elevation of the dorsal spines, the first dorsal being low in Stercolepis. _ The scales in Sfereolepis are a shade thicker and rougher, but the dif- ference is not one of importance. 2. ERILEPIS ZONIFER (Lockington). ABURABODZU. Myriolepis zonifer Locxinaton, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1880, p. 248 (Monterey, California).—Jorpaw and GiLsert, Synopsis, Fish, North America, 1883, p- 649 (same specimen ). Erilepis zonifer Gi. Science, Jan. 6, 1894, p. 54 (generic name a substitute for Myriolepis preoccupied by Myriolepis Egerton, a genus of fossil fishes) .— JorpAN and Evermann, Fish, North and Mid. Amer., II, 1898, p. 1863, Monterey Bay.—Smrru, MS., 1905 (specimen from Kochi, Japan). Ebisus sagamius JorpaAn and Snyper, Journ. College Science, Imperial Univ. Tokyo, XV, 1901, p. 508, pl. xv, figs. 3, 4, (Misaki, on Sagami Bay, Japan). Erilepis zonifer was first known from a specimen a foot long, taken in Monterey Bay in 1879 by Mr. William Neale Lockington, this Fic. 2.,—ERILEPIS ZONIFER. specimen being placed in the California Academy of Sciences. No more specimens of this genus were known until the present writers found in the Imperial Museum at Tokyo a very large example, evis- cerated and stuffed. In this specimen the union of the gill-membranes to the isthmus did not appear, and the existence of the suborbital stay beneath the skin of the cheek was not suspected. The fish was taken as the representative of a very aberrant new genus of Serranidx, and it was described under the name /d/sus sagas. For the information as to the identity of Hbisus with Hrilepis we are indebted to Dr. Hugh M. Smith, who found a very young example, about 4 inche8 long, at Kochi, in the island of Shikoku, in Japan. This specimen was identified by Doctors Gill and Smith as the young of Erilepis zonifer, and on this suggestion we have reexamined our specl- 844 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL XXX. men of Ld/sus sagamius. We find it to be an Zr7/epis, and we can not separate it from Evilepis zonifer. We have now before us a large example in alcohol of the Abura- bodzu, sent to us, together with measurements and photographs, by Mr. T. Matano, president-general of the Imperial Museum of Japan. From this specimen we are enabled to give a more exact description of the species, and to correct some errors in the account of disus sagamius. Our specimen having been eviscerated, the characters of the tongue, gill-arches, and pyloric ceca can not be given. The anal fin is appar- ently without spines, but three very small ones appear on dissection in the thick oily skin. The top of the head is covered with fine, embedded scales. Our specimen differs from the account of the Cali- fornian specimen called /r/lepis zonifer in the color, which no doubt changes with age, and in the number of dorsal spines. In our speci- men the two dorsal fins are separated, and the fin-rays are D. XII-16. In Lockington’s example we counted D. XIV-I, 15. This difference in the number of spines may be fallacious, as one or two may be con- cealed in the think skin of our adult specimen. In any event it is certain that Zd/sus isasynonym ot Lr/lepis. The Japanese species is probably the original /7//epis zonifer. Tf it should prove distinct it would stand as Erilepis sagamius. DESCRIPTION OF ERILEPIS ZONIFER FROM TOKYO. Head, 34 in length; depth, 34; depth of caudal peduncle, 114; eye, 6% in head; snout, 3; width of interorbital space, 24; length maxil- lary, 24; D. XIJ-16; A. III-12; scales in lateral series, 122. The body is notably short and stout, the skin thick and saturated with oil, this imparting a characteristic plumpness which has sug- gested the Japanese names Aburabodzu, meaning ‘‘fat priest,” and Aburainagi, or ‘‘fat bass.” The head is large; anterior profile con- vex: interorbital space broad and moderately convex; snout short; lower jaw projecting slightly; maxillary without supplemental bone, extending posteriorly to a point below middle of orbit; width of narrow- est part of preorbital equal to vertical diameter of eye; nostrils, two on each side; anterior nostril circular, with an elevated rim, the pos- terior part of which rises in anangular prominence; posterior nostril oblong: branchiostegals 7, their membranes scaly; teeth small, curved, in broad bands on jaws and on anterior ends of palatines and vomer; cheek with a long strong suborbital stay hidden under the thick skin; pseudobranchie present; gill-membranes rather narrowly united to the isthmus; head without spines or serrations, completely scaled except on lips; scales small, etenoid, well embedded; those on upper anterior part of head, snout, and chin minute; rays and spines of fins generally with scales; posterior dorsal spines smooth; interradial membranes scaly, especially on the caudal; lateral line complete to No. 1476. GIANT BASS OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 845 base of caudal fin, following in curvature the dorsal contour of body; origin of spinous dorsal a little anterior to that of ventral; first dorsal spine short, almost concealed; third spine longest, 24 in head: space between spinous and soft dorsal about equal to vertical diameter of eye; height of longest (third or fourth) dorsal ray, 22 in head; origin of anal below fifth dorsal ray; spines of anal inconspicuous, partly concealed in fatty tissue and closely apposed to the first ray; the anterior one minute and easily overlooked; longest (first) ray 2+ in head; upper rays of pectoral longest, 13 in head; ventral, 24; pos- terior edge of caudal lunate, 13 in head. Color in spirits, plain brown, the fins edged or tipped withdusky. Length, 35 inches. Tokyo, Japan. The specimen probably came from the fisheries of Misaki. Although so rare in collections the species is well known to the fishermen. According to Kuma Aoki, master fisherman at Misaki, the species reaches a weight of 200 pounds. The type of Hbisus sagainéus was 57 inches long (1.40 meters). A NEW SPECIES OF CGENOCYATHUS FROM CALIFORNIA ; AND THE BRAZILIAN ASTRANGID CORALS. By T. Waytanp Vaucuan, Custodian of Madreporarian Corals, U.S. National Museum; Geologist, U.S. Geological Survey. iA NEW SPECIES OF CCENOCYATHUS FROM CALI- FORNIA. CG:NOCYATHUS BOWERSI, new species. Plate LX XVII, figs. 1-3. Pe aralinm forming a clump of raphe low corallites, reproduction by nora gemmation. The free portions of the corallites are cylindrical or gradually enlarged upward, varying from 3.5 to 7.5 mm. in height. Transverse outline of the calices subcircular or slightly compressed, diameter from 4.5 to nearly 7 mm. Externally costate; the coste equal, low, flat, and granulate, separated by narrow, slightly impressed intercostal furrows. In the larger calices the fourth cycle of septa almost complete, pri- maries and secondaries of practically the same thickness and length, moderately stout, tertiaries and quaternaries usually rather thin. Sep- tal margins entire, very slightly exsert. Septal faces densely and coarsely granulate. Pali strongly developed before the penultimate cycle, resembling those of Caryophyllia, they are usually much thicker than the septa before which they stand, and are about half as long. Calice excavated, rather deep, abruptly depressed in the center, Columella well developed, composed of one or a few twisted or curled laths. Locality.—San Miguel Island, California. Type.—Cat. No. 21,138, U.S.N.M., donated by Dr. Stephen Bowers, of Los Angeles, California. PRocEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No. 1477. 847 848 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. II. THE BRAZILIAN ASTRANGID CORALS. In my Stony Corals of the Porto Rican Waters“ I published the following paragraph: ‘‘ There are three astrangids found on the Bra- zilian reefs. One is Phyllangia americana; another may be only a varietal form of A. sol/taria, but probably is a distinct species; the third is an undescribed species, which I have named in manuscript, Astrangia rathbuni.” Professor Verrill cites these remarks in his Reyised List of Brazilian Reef Corals.’ It is scarcely necessary to make remarks on the Phy//angia americana, but the two others will be described. ASTRANGIA BRASILIENSIS, new species. Plate LX XVII, figs. 3—6. Corallites reproducing by budding from basal stolons, spreading over variously shaped objects of support, occasional lateral gemma- tion. The corallites are scattered, distant, from 1.5 to 4 mm., or even more, between their bases. Diameter at the calice from 2 to 4 mm.; height of full-grown corallites about 4 mm. Externally obscurely costate near the calicular edge, the coste alternating in size. The lower portion of the corallites is encrusted, in some instances there appears to be epitheca. Septa in three complete cycles with about half the members of the fourth, in a calice 2.5 mm. in diameter. This seems to be the usual number in the larger calices. The primaries may be slightly the largest, the secondaries almost equal them in size, or primaries and secondaries may be of practically the same size; the tertiaries are smaller; the quaternaries often rudimentary. Septal margins ob- scurely dentate, only slightly exsert. Erect narrow paliform lobes present before all septa except those of the last cycle. Sides of both septa and pali granulated. Calicular fossa deep. Columellar surface papillate. Locality.—Periperi, Bahia, Brazil. ZType.—Cat. No. 10940 U.S.N.M. Collected by Richard Rathbun, Geological Commission of Brazil, 1876. Remarks.—Vhe preceding description is based on a single specimen. There are several other specimens in the United States National Museum. The principal variation shown is in the height of the coral- lites, which may be between 9 and 10 mm. tall. When the corallites are so tall the calices are somewhat larger, nearly 5 mm. in diameter, the septa somewhat more exsert and the coste more pronounced. A. brasiliensis is very closely related to A. sol/taria (Le Suenr). The corallites of the former average smaller, are more scattered and #U.S8. Fish Commission Bulletin for 1900, II, 1901, p. 299. bTrans. Conn. Acad. Sci., XI, 1902, p. 194. ag M77. BRAZILIAN ASTRANGID CORALS—VAUGH,. LN. 849 more isolated than in the latter; the septa of the latter are A. rathbuni (the second Brazilian Astrangia) resembles A in habitus more than does 4. brasiliensis. stouter. solitaria ASTRANGIA RATHBUNI, new species. Plate LXX VIII. Corallum incrusting, attached to objects of various shapes, often forming small, rounded clumps. The corallites are not crowded. and are more or less tufted. Reproduction by basal expansions, which are frequently stoloniferous in character, occasionally by lateral eemma- tion. Sometimes there appear to be shreds of epitheca oma the corallites. | The corallites are rather tall, as much as 7 mm., but 4 mm. is prob- ably anaverage. The calices are rather large. The measurements of 3 are as follows: Measurements. 1 ie Pe ial } | | | | mm. | MLL, NLL. Gneaten diameters. 2225) 7 6" 4.5 9 | RE : : at) | Lesser diameter __._--- he 16 De i} fa OC The cost of the corallites are indistinct, except just below the calic- ular margin, where they are small, but show a recognizable alterna- tion of larger and smaller. The septal margins project very slightly above the upper edge of the corallite wall; the septa are thin ard narrow above the bottom of the calicular fossa. In the larger corallites there are four complete cycles. The members of the first and second cycles reach the columella, those of the third cycle usually bend toward the members of the second, and those of the fourth toward the members of the third. ‘The margin of all septa are dentate, the dentations frequently truncated, sometimes showing secondary dentations on the inner edge, but not in the sinus between dentations. Paliform lobes are not distinctly differentiated. The calicular fossa is very deep. The columella is weak and is papillary above. Localities. —Paqueta, Rio Janeiro, and Bay of Rio Janeiro, Brazil. Type specimen.—Paqueta, Rio Janeiro (No. LO974, U.S. Nat. Mus.). Collected by Richard Rathbun, Geological Commission of Brazil, 1877. There are eight specimens in all. Remarks.—The most nearly related recent species of the West Indian region i8 Astrangia astreiformis M. Edwards and Haime. The corallites of this species are more intimately united one to another, Proce. N. M. vol. xxx—06——54 850 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL M USEUM. VOL. XXXum the septa are thicker, in three cycles, and the calicular fossa is shal- lower. A. rathbun? is more closely related to Astrangia lineata (Conrad) from the Chesapeake Miocene of the eastern United States, but there are important differences. The corallites of A. /incata are decidedly larger and are more turbinate in shape. This species is named for Dr. Richard Rathbun. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. Pirats LX XVII. Figs. 1, 2, 3, Canocyathus bowersi, new species. Fig. 1, a side view of the corallum, natural size; fig. 2, side view of a corallite, x 4; fig. 3, calicular view of a coral- lite, x 4. : Figs. 4, 5, 6, Astrangia brasiliensis, new species. Fig. 4, view of a colony from above, natural size; fig. 5, calicular view of two corallites, x 4; fig. 6, view of the side of the same corallites, x 4. Prats LX XVIII. Astrangia rathbuni, new species. Fig. 1, corallum, natural size; fig. 2, calices, x 4; fig. 8, coste, x 4. U. S. NATIONA L MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LXXVII CCENOCYATHUS BOWERS! AND ASTRANGIA BRASILIENSIS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAG 850 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PR PROCEEDINGS, VO xXx xX P XXVII - A =) Le 1 ASTRANGIA RATHBUNI. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 590 NEW FISHES FROM SANTO DOMINGO. By Barron W. Evermann and H. Warton Crark. Of the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries. Recently Mr. August Busck, of the Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture, spent several months in the West Indies in the interests of that Bureau. While in the interior of Santo Domingo, some 40 miles northwest from the capital, he collected a few small fishes from a small brook in the San Francisco Mountains. These have been turned over to us by Mr. Busck for identification. Although the collection is very small, containing but 6 specimens, it proves to be of much interest in that 3 of the 4 species represented appear to be entirely new. All the specimens are in fair condition. The following is a list of the species represented, with descriptions of those believed to be new: PLATYPCCILUS PERUGIZ Evermann and Clark, new species. Head 4 in body; depth3.4; eye 3 in head; snout 3.4; interorbital 2; D. 8; A. 7; Br. 6; scales 28-8, 12 in front of dorsal. Body short, greatly compressed, especially posteriorly, the dorsal contour gently arched from nape to origin of dorsal fin; the ventral outline strongly arched from tip of snout to origin of anal, the sides of the long, greatly compressed caudal peduncle nearly straight; least depth of caudal peduncle 1.5 in head, and 2 in its length from posterior end of base of dorsal; head rather small, broad and flat above, rather sharp and wedge-shaped in lateral profile; mouth a very small straight transverse slit at tip of snout, somewhat above level of middle of orbit; premaxillaries very protractile; when drawn out the mouth assumes the form of a short, round tube; lips thin, the lower somewhat cleft; teeth minute, conical, clear in color, apparently in one row along the edge of the lower jaw, in the movable bones of which they are loosely set. Dorsal rather short but high, its longest ray 1.75 in head, its base 2, its origin midway between tip of snout and middle of caudal fin; anal similar, set somewhat farther back, its origin about under the middle pass a E aoe! = PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXX—No. 1478. A oo 852 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. of dorsal; ventrals rather short, reaching to vent; pectoral reaching about to origin of ventrals; caudal broad, rounded; scales large. Color in spirits, yellowish brown; a very narrow but faint black dorsal streak; upper parts of side with minute punctulations which tend to collect along the edges of the scales, giving the appearance of light spots alternating with dark crescents along the rows of scales; the spots tend to collect more densely, and in the center of the row of ~ scales along axis of body, making a narrow black line along the middle of the side and another short line beneath it for the anterior third of © the length; scales on base of caudal with one minute row of dots along the margin, giving, under magnification, the appearance of a delicate lace-work; cheek silvery; fins pale, except the dorsal which is some- FIG. 1.—PLATYPCCILUS PERUGI®. what dusky and with a small black blotch at the posterior edge of its base; peritoneum black. One specimen, a female containing a number of rather large yellow egos; differing from related species by its much narrower compressed body, larger eye, more fully arched back and general coloration, and in having teeth larger and more evident. This species is close to P. mentalis, described in 1876 by Doctor Gill, from the Isthmus of Panama. A comparison of our specimen with the type of that species shows it to differ in several important respects, namely, the smaller dorsal and anal, somewhat smaller scales; shorter snout, and in the coloration. Type.—Cat. No. 53278, U.S.N.M., a female 1.63 inches long, col- lected in September, 1905, in a small stream in the San Irancisco Mountains, Santo Domingo, by August Busck. We take pleasure in naming this species for Dr. Alberto Perugia in recognition of his work on the fishes of the West Indies. PLATYPC@CILUS DOMINICENSIS Evermann and Clark, new species. » Head 3.9 in body; depth 3.75; eye 3.2 in head; snout 3.5; interor- bital 1.75; D. 8; A. 8; V. 6; P. 13; scales 27-8, 12 in front of dorsal. Body robust, not greatly compressed except posteriorly; caudal peduncle very deep, its least depth about 1.5 in head; head and body nos. SANTO DOMINGO FISHES—EVERMANN AND CLARK 853 to dorsal flattened above; head small, upper outline straight, lower curved; mouth a small horizontal cleft, in line with axis of eve: pre- maxillaries very protractile; teeth on edge of jaw very small, conical brown-tipped par fol ‘OW, | nother an tipped, apparently in one row, and loosely set in the weak lower jaw. Dorsal short, rather low, its longest ray about 2.3 in head, its base 2.5, its origin about midway between tip of snout and end of caudal fin or midway between gill-slit and base of caudal: anal similar to dorsal, its origin under third dorsal ray; ventrals about 1.6 in head, their tips reaching vent; length of pectoral about 1.5 in head, the tip scarcely reaching origin of ventrals. * Color in alcohol, yellowish, with a rather broad distinct black line along middle of bach, and a black blotch at posterior part of base of dorsal fin; side dusky above, the color due to fine punctulations dis- tributed mostly at the bases of the scales, the posterior margim of each scale yellowish; belly, lower half of side, and under parts of head Fig. 2.—PLATYP@CILUS DOMINICENSIS. yellowish; pectoral and dorsal dusky, other fins plain; tip of lower jaw dusky, gill-covers dusky, gill-cavity dark; peritoneum black. The collection contains 3 specimens, all females, about 1.5,to 2 inches in length. This species is closely related to Platypwcilus perugie, from which it differs, however, in the thicker body, the less arched back, the smaller eye, in the presence of a very distinct black line along median line of back, and in the darker coloration of the back and upper part of side; the interorbital space is also wider and the caudal peduncle deeper. The type specimen contained 12 eggs, yellow in color, and about one-ninth inch in diameter. Type.—Cat. No. 58277, U.S.N.M., a female 2 inches long, collected in a small stream in the San Francisco Mountains in the interior of Santo Domingo, some 40 miles from Santo Domingo City, Septem- ber, 1905, by August Busck; cotypes, No. 1454, Bureau of Fisheries, and No. 9350, Stanford University, from same locality. 854 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. AGONOSTOMUS MONTICOLA (Bancroft). DAJAO. One specimen 3 inches long. SICYDIUM BUSCKI Evermann and Clark, new species. Head 4.25 in body; depth 6; eye 4.75 in head; snout 2.37; maxillary 2: interorbital 3; scales 57-20; D. VI-I, 8; A. I, 7; Pais. Body elongate, rather quadrate in cross-section, the back broad and flat or slightly concave, the caudal peduncle stout, its least depth 1.97 in length of head; head rather large, broad and flattish above, the frontal profile rounded, the eyes near the top of the head and pro- jecting above the profile; mouth horizontal, small, the mandible not reaching to anterior border of orbit, the blunt snout and upper jaw much projecting beyond the small lower jaw; teeth minute, those in upper jaw brown, curved, the posterior side concave, the anterior convex, in a single rasp-like row hidden behind the thin but somewhat Fic. 3.—SICYDIUM BUSCKI. fleshy upper lip, those in lower jaw small but stout and conical, brown- tipped, few in a single row which is interrupted in the middle and terminated at each end by peculiar and conspicuous tubercles which arise on a sharp ridge situated on or just within the fleshy lower lip; a thin fold with a central projection just back of the teeth, corre- sponding to the broader palatine fold above; gill-slits rather narrow, gill-membranes broadly joined to the isthmus. Spinous dorsal rather low, its longest spine 2.16 in head, its base 1.32, its origin about one-third the distance from tip of snout to base of caudal, its contour gently rounded, the posterior rays lying close to back; soft dorsal similar in shape but more produced behind, its longest ray 2.71 in head, its base longer than head, about 4.25 in body, its origin midway between eye and base of caudal; anal similar in shape to soft dorsal and inserted somewhat behind it, its longest ray 2.71 in head, its base 1.13 in head; pectoral broad and rounded, extending back to about middle of spinous dorsal, its length 1.39 in head; ven- trals united into a round disk, rather straight in front, but rounded behind, displaying in the bottom 6 stout radiating ridges (3 on each d p Dae he SS a No. 1478. SANTO DOMINGO FISHES—EVERMANN AND CLARK. 855 side), these arising from a common center and pointing outward and backward and branching at the end into smaller rounded ridges, between which are intercalated other fine round ridges, somewhat resembling the gills of a mushroom in general disposition, and termi- nating in the finely crenulate margin of the disk; caudal broadly rounded, scales small, weakly ctenoid; head, cheeks, and breast naked, General color in alcohol, yellowish brown, somewhat mottled with olivaceous above, the sides with minute punctulations which are more crowded in the centers of the scales along the side forming indistinct horizontal dark lines along the rows of scales; belly white; fins some- what dusky, the dorsals dark-edged, anal with a black line near the margin, caudal blackish at the tip; in some lights there appears to be a series of faintly dusky blotches along the sides and along the back; peritoneum apparently blackish. This fish appears to be closely related to S. punctatum Perugia, which it resembles in generel coloration and in the number of scales. It differs from that species, however, in having a much longer snout, shorter pectoral, smaller eye, and ia haying fewer rays in the dorsal and anal fins, and the lower part of the head is not evidently punctate. Only one specimen obtained, the type, No. 53276, U.S.N.M., 2.375 inches long, small brook in San Francisco Mountains, Santo Domingo, collected September, 1905, by August Busck, for whom we take great pleasure in naming the species. Page. AGATA CNOT, See oes OSB ee ee Eee 105 Poe eee Se oe eo 105 Patel PL OUIMINIS Remains - esis cote ocnccecceess 200 JU WOMUCUS =e msciscns sais Sees 200 FAME HISEELCO Perera aie fokinciesccsls cv ecdeccseche 834 SAMENESS ia Scale cixiwee aoe ve ba voce eais 397 TV SVWXO) OUD 2 oe ee ee ee 397 PTR OO Mears ycterais xista sic oeic,s.cele wales 398 (Acipenseride) of Japan. A Synopsis of the Sturgeons, by David Starr Jordan and John Otterbein Snyder ..................- 397 JAKUIUES: A 3c e6q0 QRReCeE BE ae 187 DEN OU 2 ae ae SoBe ee Ree 188 . (Acrididze), Notes on South American Grasshoppers of the Subfamily Acridine, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species, by James A. G. Rehn............ 371 Acrididz, or Locusts, Synoptic List of Para- guayan, with Descriptions of New Forms, DyebawwrenCeIBruner ..-2=22.-00.--0se.ees 613 JNO: Soo elope eee ee 618, 640 Acridine (Acridid#), Notes on South American Grasshoppers of the Subfamily, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species, by James A. G. Rehn ......-..-.. 371 NEMIGMIM CUMIN ALUM... 5... -2 2-2 s5 ae 637 RUC TM PAULI e755 - ac =(s iss =i xj0::0'=10im 652 ENSICOTMMM Soe oe2 oni cictets.cs asicicee p25 TOM PIPEMIME PS ea -mi- ceca. lise 23 662 (MTN COLON aa mes ee ecco Scio cee.ne\<'s 655 - (Osmilia) obliquum ............. 694 WIOIACCUIM cece ane-ee 694 (EWR. = ea a epododeoseeenore 676 MELGSUMNMINA = oe sen Depa come aca eee 186 Arn ot bis: CONGINN fan s-cer—e.see ces see = eae 365 jo sVlibearte NS SAB Sasee= ose ewe 365 WATE Ooo cae nase e eee am 335 AQ AUIT aN OUIV ACER S— s2 k= mace eaenaaie amine 236 Amblyospiza ethiopica........-,----------- 804 albifrons ethiopica.....-..--- 804 AbLUrOnSe:. oes] 26 804 Amblyscapheus ........----------+-----:= 622, 632 JineGatissnes.eces osc cew see 633 Amblystoma opacum........--------------- 70,81 Amblytropidia .........---.---------- 871, 622, 680 RUPLVCDUUIS< sae = aiseease a= ee 371 BUISETALIS ee ce ee ee eieetama = 631 CGhAPAGENSIS \\.- 222s -=- 2 ~- 37 GlON SANs soos: renee eee = 371 858 INDEX. Page. Amblytropidia ferruginosa.....-..-...-..-- 631. | ‘Annicenis ferrugineus 2. --...2:.2..s>2.4e-eee soe eee 793 An pula vjaponicacens:- = --ue so seeeee cetera 695'/) -Argesisimonsilt 2s-—--. --eee eee eee eee itd: Anpuillidse:..cute sc tbek be ook eee ee teeters 695, |. Arpid’...c5. sos. o2-be sant cee oe een eee 771 ADiara PIOXIM Gc ose sae cee ores cetecrenes 235) | SATSYTACHS S.. otme oon emeco aaa ehee tem eees 133 AANISOGES 22.42 .netoe mace ceed techie eee 427 cineralis:s.) 225*ss-- ase eee 133 sbruptamia).<2o acess len sare eee eee 427 cyloialis:-6-\° ewe = 139 ATOMS @eeels = atk ain ,cleinie'a/slsse ciasieise 138 DAMPHligg 2-2. e neces eweeecnees 139 templalis ......... Bey amo aien aint 138 859 Page. (PAUULOpOTaanond OSniee esses ee eee eee 50 feds yhlvo) se} )) chee ee een Se A. 169 AULOMENIS S95 x ae Sea eee een! 87 OMI eps, See re 88 CUTVITAGa sy 225 ee tes 91 INSU ce a Rae ae 90 TMStrisss gees See ae ee 91 TOMO Se ao 5 ae See 88 JUCUNTEOINCS seers aes ee eee 89 MeTIC AN hs ocean I ie ee 87 MOV CSCAK ts ae osertaiae eo e 90 GLO des) hs ands ns eee Soe ae 91 OFOGINGL Saws 5: Geeta Coe eee 91 DARUIS S Arete ae ent) eee 90 POMITerds sso Asan atone ees ree 89 WV. OHT OD <.5 etece a ocleats ee cere 88 ASVIETLULO DSIS Ses bre 25 aie Ase bate ee 939 OCHRE NS Ss Se ta a0 te ey 536 Babel ace we 2 eae ease saree eee eee 347 IBAIndinses2 tcc Soae eaten cee oe ee 161 DGCG el st tet srere cetera nets 161 abnup tase seeeee ee ee eee 162 CGSUTICNSISAcae- 4 cee ete eee ee 161, 162 DIGDEIGE .cedeacse eee ees ne eee 161 Bairdiellarchrysoleucaic.s-css-s22----- 2-00 793 NSIC Aeneas eee ae ae ee 793 1eyeWheGhbNG b:syeecn rete oe Se ee eae 161 (Balistes/AdSspersus::--ahecc-csses cape es ete. 798 MAU se TM) sence a Senet eee eae 798 BMStiG es eee ee sore a ora eames cee oe ee 798 BallamliophHorbyra:sasceeccs cn eeereancceeeees 497 Bamchini swiss ote eee ce seecee a TBE Banta, Arthur M., and Waldo L. McAtee, The Life History of the Cave Salamander, Spelerpes Maculicaudus (Cope)...-....-- 67 Bartsch, Paul, and William Healey Dall, Notes on Japanese, Indo- pacific, and American Pyramidellide .......-... 321 Descriptions of Two New NATO Siin25 = ho betse sees 393 (Basilewsky) from Northern China. On a Species of Loach; Misgurnus Decemcir- rosus, by Dayid Starr Jordan and John Opterbelm suy Gelccs.- 2-1 ae sees 833 Basiiehtiys ree UUSsennscee ae serene ose eee 783 Bass of Japan. The Giaut, by David Starr Jordan and John Otterbein Snyder....--. S41 IB SSSA Destro x aicfeiate ciate oe < a= oe ee oe are 536 amethystata var.extremata....... 536 LSE Gihih boepear AR Oe SSR Seen a eeeecsto acacia 183 Bassler, Ray S., A Study of the James Types of Ordovician and Silu- Plan BryO2087 san~->sanan= ] and Edward O. Ulrich, New American Paleozoic Ostracoda. Notes and De- scriptions of Upper Car- boniferous Genera and SPCCIES ace n- lowe ads ew aan 149 PRAGRUIS!siola cs wrote c etx melo wesw im nemlelas wire = emie eh om mim = 183 japONicus .......-----++----- 2+ 2-2: 183 Bathymetis......-..------------+--++--22-°> 172 SAPPOTOENSIS ....--++------- +++ 172 Batis senegalensis ..........-+++++++-++++++-- 807 OVIENtalis secscscnc. cece 807 860 INDEX. Page. Page Batostomay 5.3 520. 2na ssn one neeaneree aoe eee i) Bracon-PEnetrator.ce.5 0: ecco een eeeieseee 196 implicatumy =. co sserne ees eee 11, 26 yokqhaims 52. 5-52. 5 eee 196 Jamies: wesc acne eee ceeee eee 10;38"| Braconid sete 2.0 escort 187 Varinbilec. cenecote on seeeeeee 18;19°) | Braconine 2 cos caccecsee oee eee eee eee 195 VaTIaNs sec cde eee eee 18,19, 58,59 | Brains and Brain Preservatives, by Ales Batostomella).\ssencas cee eee eee 21 HMrdlicksc. swat caceeecek oe Seer Cakes ~ 245 Batrachided, 23.2.2 .2cocceeen ea seesecee aes 614,616 | Brazilian Astrangid Corals. A New Species favonotath=._. cu senceose eee 616 of Ceenocyathus from California and the, DOU. cu eticccsmeeeseenoeen= 616 by DL. Wayland: Vaushaniz--2-ccosse ene 847 Batrachoides!pacincl. sesec .saaeu eee eae 800 | British East Africa. Notes on Birds from Batrachoidids,s- aos ee eeee ese eee one see 800 German and, by Harry C. Oberholser .... 801 Baty: sci. cctnoek s he omca neces eee eee 130: Broncheljacc.0. 22 sse6ee ee seen eee 504 Francalis) =... . ct .5.ceue nee oases 504 BONGIS: | Brycon atricaudatus:- 20. oc. scseee eee Ti7 condylata ..-.-.anera tS meeamene 4954) -Bryoprerdy wa ccc season cc akc cue eee eee 505 Gelicata ia ccmasce- tow me snes sets 494 albiplagays.: 22.5 oto eeneeeebe 505 simplex:... sto oiois wma \s =ic\c ce vie 114 Cincinnahensisa. s--e- snceer seeee 43, 58 Capnophylla Bean a anhanarcecrsersseeneceroes 401 Clathivatwlus? Jee ete cess. tones 37, 58 ; SUDIGE DN an atone ee kino ore sos 401 elavacoidens 5.2 ee seee ace. seam 2, 58 Carangide ee Sac Saniscos See = cil =o. 784 CLUSHIMANISie oon otece we aeen ee 30, 58 TT DN2 3 Ui 0S ee 786 Aispotauae eke tavcy Seen ee r3 (DOV. 02 Ae RE eee ee ee 102 GiSCOIG CUS 225-5. saotees ease tees il (O(N, oh oan aoeee a aa eee 102 STACI “sek e sent tes Sees eee 20, 58 Carboniferous Genera and Species, Notes IMPLICA TUS. sass ee eo ee ll and Descriptions of Upper, New Ameri- Ipatea ot eas dae Soe 26 can Paleozoic Ostracoda, by Edward O. lyecoperdon aS Une aa phe 30 58 Ulrich and Ray S. Bassler...........-..-. 149 Lycopoditesioet sca cce.- ores peoae a6 30, 58 AME nARAAS TI ZLCUS|..|.522:..- +20 --s-t-se2e2 == 763 TEC se cieeee ae oes aha e een eal a1, 58 ETOAC ISOC eeepc Ancioee vicivacess 763 Peng apd ineljos wee Be ad SESS Se 19 20, 58 CHNIG(ER) 25 toe eee oe OSes OC ae eae 110 ONICHA Uinta Gates ana eoiaae scaee ee "3, 58 : CONE 2 Se ee 110 PEUOPOMUIAMUS. owes eereee rere 2,31, 58 ‘Li wiliit®, (925484545 0ne eee ee 95 Sigillarigides)a-s orascc crea tere 23 ReROMIUME Mean een 2 wie cis's corso oo ee 95 SUbSlODOSUA) oe e- sane ese enee tere 31 Riese NSU eee eee ao oe & ios a wo vin coteiee 96 SUPTOUUMAUSs ewe sen asne- ees ee 31,58 Caryophyllia .....-..- th bbe RARE nee $47 AUN VELL ee bee ee oe aoe snes 31, 32, 58 COLSTON), o 2 nne eee ae eee aca 108 VOTIANIG Heo cecum ones eens aera 18, 58 CLUE ok Sa es Se 108 | Cheetodipterus zonatus ......--.------------ 798 ONAN CNTR in Sone ae ea ee 135 | Chetodon modestus.....------------------- 699 ANISCANIS\ 2-2 -2---0------ 9226020. 135 | Chetodontide.........-.--------------++--- 699 Qnivanlay htt) > een ne Se eee eoge 136 | Chalcopelia chalcospila ........------------ 802 BCHIe MA see te tas iar nails om nnini~'= 136 : acanthina.....---- RC? Caudell, Andrew Nelson, The Locustide Ghani ee erent eee ne ee al e = 115 and Gryllide (Katydids and Crickets) GHOTBI Ree eee aw eoeaeaee so=—= 115 Collected by W. T. Foster in Paraguay... 235 Champsodon vorax...--.-------------+++--- 700 Caulolatilus princeps......--------------- 761,799 | Champsodontid@......------------++--+----- 700 Caulopsis oberthuri .......-.--------------- 940 | Characinide......-----2------------200e--"" 773 Cave Salamander, The Life History of the @HELOMINEE ose eee ao ere Bone see maae 191 Spelerpes Maculicaudus(Cope), by Arthur Chelonogastra .....-.---------------+--00°°> 195 M. Banta and Waldo L. McAtee....------ 67 roepelel an. 206s0sse === - 195 @ayiria -2----- per Nace ees =e 93 PlEWPAlIB cece = 22s eee 196 MOP eee se aa - 2-652 --c'= += 2----=- 93 | Chelonus ...--.-----------2----+seeser27- 22° 195 substrigosa .....-..----------------- 93 | Chemnitziacelata......-.---------+----+---- 347 Sree ee I eee rns anim ow inn = a atetetas 93 CATIGIOA 0 a aAees es ease aR 342 (Chin Gs 32 epee eee 214, 215 erystallina....-.--------------- 341 SGentrppomids ..-....--...----------------- 736 Clon mata cen anes ess nee 347 Cephaloccema .....------------------- 618, 619, 620 humboldtiana elongata. -..---- 347 Pl ATI oe Sei wie sie = === 619 rhs ith: eee f RePE Cre Ces 343 costulata....--.-------------- 619 | VATICOSA <- -)-- 162 phillipsiana......-.------------- 163 primeva ....- odee NOC OeEEDAS 163 SUPOW ala) epee =e e {os.,-G.0s2 te seen eeee seer eee 169 Ecuador and Peru. On a Collection of Fishes made by P. O. Simons in, by Edwin Chapin Starks). --—nesee. eee 761 Beiling Sss [SRR OMIIGES 50.550 2cce ga ee oS seep a Ae eee 533 | Euplectrotettix ................ 381. 383 ue Pmomocouchus..-<....2................. 162, 163 era sca ean a ee : , CILUPINCISae= see ee 637 BAUTISTA OR Seas Sa 542 schulzi... 383 allpicollariseso-tsce = v-292252- 543 | Euprora Lt 2 PEM Tk wins Sood ree ie bipars..................2.+-.. 542 argentiliniella............-.......- naa Eocene. The Osteology of Sinopa, A Creo- Hupterohidcssseeneeen ee anne 95 dont Mammal of the Middle, by William HON OUE tees eas eee > =a 691 Diller Matthew...................2....... 203 femoratis.<.25.2 csc. 692 Ephedrus. voces 2eF ee SSG BESS Sara 187 MINOT se sot ee eee 692 ____ Japomicus..-.--...---.-.--.-..-... IRSY/ el UF Ea} Kop rste0) eMac ee SC 226 Ephialtias -..........--...-.---22-.-22.2.... 411 | Burydictya multipora...................... 38. 59 rom TUOCHGIIG) 5 SSS Sgn ene a Berne See eee 411 | Eurystomus afer suahelicus................ 804 BSD IND DUC 2e eee Jamie wie ernie a eee ne ween 7983) SVISem Gale 23 bee sek int ed te eee ae 541 Epiplema...... penne tn et eect ce tense cece e ee 402, 406 SOHUDTUMWIER asmeeeee sees eee 541 €XCorla..------..-.---.----------- AO2's| | TEST ERs sof) Se ee 2 A ede 721 [Dorp UEIUE . sboong qos ep pSeQues aa aaEeA Bees 3997 Bustrotianst esto ye toes pe Ren ne 1038 Epithectis Si cherie ee 726 f= 0) 24: en er ome op gy pale ET 103 Epiurus ...... Bonne nee een ene HUE AE ENDL AS CVU buena aa eas eee eT 621, 625 BITENUMAGAMSIS s(so.2 = cajaci=' asscs2 sce tc 179 MMINOL Sas ee eee 625 NGURO MSGS) Soa iacomenetereeseenee LPH TRO) | hel HmnbINol MA Covel Soe coaeabomecce-Psecc- nessa 196 DEINE JS Gene Geen e es eee 180 Penetratonies== see eee eee 196 IDRIS Soroge Dele SSBB ECs see CB Ee aE eee S050 SEITO DrACOIL beeen = nes wee ae ee ee ee 197 SHCA EIS Pee eee ert cielsts wie? victoire cin cieta, ia = 468 | Evalea lirata .......... Soh eee eS ee 359 RUMI cons Sor Be geeoe SeNSE apasee 468 | Evermann, Barton W., and H.Walter Clark, BSE UNLGS pate emcis= 2 sac ccis cles caine soe 469 New Fishes from Santo Domingo ......-- 851 TRE GD DOL OE a Oe ee L305 | SHviota bax chase sace te. Cee eee 699 BMG OUnVPa HLIMLCUS 22.52. succ cscs se cece ees OU PH ip perwa Mese cute ops eee eres ee, Guar a 724 Mepis zoutler........--...-.-. 22:22:64. 841, 843 | POllosteligiee ee eae ce ees 725, 726 DHIECGNS S. S Sates eee Sea ee eee ee PAL APALS AM MDD-de(0 210 Fier Strain ae SSR He es eee oa 695 LINO SE) agp Agen Cet eea ee ee 96,5 MH Nep han este e Cee cea < deems eee eee ore ae 170 PUISEAN GD Cae etic cecia)sia sicih =m 2 = xele'e sic 96 [aye aa (ean enpe aeree Steaesaner 170 ISTP SIUC ES. Se SAH OS OSES ep Sea e Do eeeSsprae 772 | Exhibition Series of Vertebrate Fossils. Ipticligmeh teak vil stile FSS eae eae eae esmece 52 Notes on Some Recent Additions to the, SCM AKIN A GUStOMGA, =>--3 = -~=-~ GIST) Mer Starks 22 ons eeen aa cem emer mae saree 695 Bupileta.......-...9 MMe cre 521 | Fishes, On a Collection of, made by P.O. ot ae 521 Simons in Ecuador and Peru, by Edwin e subceesia ...-- age cnc eec nr eeeceeees 501 | Chapin Starks........---,------+++++-++-- 761 866 INDEX. Page. | Page. Wistulipora:. ods. 452) Meee eee eee ee 6 | Genus and Species of Fossil Seal from the flabellatacosi2 peers hee eee 27 Miocene of Maryland. Description of a TMU pONA sees 27, 28, 38, 39, 58 New, by Frederick W. True......---2.--: 835 OWeONL {hs si sisecee neat eee 34,58 | Genus Cosmopteryx Hiibner. A Review of SLUT ana cee eee 27, 28, 39, 58 the American Moths of the, by August Forms, Synoptic List of Paraguayan Acri- Bus@hizf2e2 Haas ete She Rot cee pees 707 did, or Locusts, with Descriptions of Genus of Crickets from Costa Rica. De- New, by Lawrence Bruner..........----- 613 scriptions of Three New Species of Katy- Fossil Seal from the Miocene of Maryland. dids and a New, by James A. G. Rehn... 597 Description of a New Genus and Species Geometrid Moths. Descriptions of New of, by. Frederick: Weyinue 22.2 ae Se ee 835 | Genera and Species of South American, Fossils. Notes on Some Recent Additions by William Waren oss see ee eee 399 to the Exhibition Series of Vertebrate, , Geometridé& 2225. coisa eet cioe se coseeees 407 byi Charles W). Gilmore> sass sc estes 607 ') "Geometring=.2 2252.22. s-ees sas eee 414 Foster, W. T., The Locustidz and Gryllide German and British East Africa. Notes on (Katydids and Crickets) Collected by, in Birds from, by Harry C. Oberholser....-. 801 Paraguay, by Andrew Nelson Caudell... 235 | Gerres peruvianus..... .....-.--.-:------<- 792 Habarea lll ete beemerte rete aoc eR AR ee co a= S11: tGermidse’ =... cee segue ad oe ee aeicee ee aeons ae 792 Pun Pia fe. SAS St Sane ccces cece aoe eee 827 | Giant Bass of Japan. The, by David Starr CONCIND Ae ens sewer 827, 829, 832 Jordan and John Otterbein Snyder...-.-- 841 Fungia Concinna Verrill. Three New Fun- Gidley, James Williams, A New Ruminant gis, with a Description of a Speci- from the Pleistocene of New Mexico..... 165 men of Fungia Granulosa Klun- Gilmore, Charles W., Noteson Some Recent zinger and a Note on a Specimen Additions to the Exhibition Series of Ver- of, by T. Wayland Vaughan....-. 827 tebrate (Possils®- a. 5 oe eene eee eee 607 Galati: =s28e sl aayencstes tee eee Sol: | AGine Map UN Chaba. ee alee einer Se eee eee 699 fungites var. dentata:s.-o2--s252.2- 832 | Glyphidocera equepulvella--.--......--..-- 728 PLAMUOSH Ee weieek wt aes cele e = 827,830")! (Gliyptacc cass. asses cece eee eee eee eee 178 VaAPONICas. Sone. ties eaeceeeeee eae 827%, | Gly ptapanteles(. 9.2-. 5 Aeecs. at ee eee 192 madagascaremsis ..£.--2.62--.2--- 827, 831 (Apanteles) japonicus. ..--. 193 patellar: 2-2-2 )-2 oan neenaoe tame cee a 827 TEMOLHUUB enews seems 192 MEPANGR Stes ese os eee eee See 827, 829 MINOF oo scee eee een 192 SAM DoOANSeNSisic sete an ese ee eae eee 827, 829 NA Walls. 2 6.2 eee eee 193 Fungie, Three New, with a Description of politus:. 2... s2ee-eee eee *. § “192 a Specimen of Fungia Granulosa Klun- Goblidse v.54... ¢ e600 2 2a eee Cee ee eee 699, 799 zinger and a Note on a Specimen of Fun- Gobionellus sapittulal ase sesseee eee eee 799 gia Concinna Verrill, by T. Wayland Gomphocerus (Hyalopteryx) pagana ....-. 626 Wate Haims. Asse Satemin Hom ay Neso tee eee 827 (Sinipta) dalmani.......-..-. 6380 Galeichthysjordamiyes- ce oc nese eee 765; 766) || (Gonodonte =csce: sc o- see neeene eee eee 111 SIMMONS ee eee ae eco e eee 764 MAM OVAta case Sense Se eee 111 Galeides bors Ras Seas ee eee 763 | Gracilaria (Dialectia) gunniella........--. 731 Gallevidies 02 ves sh ste se Senn a ee aa nee 814 venustellanceecee 732 Gastropoda scecu cnn or sad sacce codec ae ceeee Bil +.) Greegr ocunce ee ee 640 Gaithynlain 2 och Seen e fe ak cine Aone seer 403 horrida.<: 5.0. et osetas caesar 640 CASSaLae tc esos he oes See ete 403 | Granulosa Klunzinger and a Note on a Gilaceraite 2 sceoee tere ne ea: 404 Specimen of Fungia Concinna Verrill. ochripennises ccc ceeee ee ee eee. 404 | Three New Fungi, with a Description Gelasmat..¢2 ee oe oe essence ee eeree 417 ~—s- of aSpecimen of Fungia, by T. Wayland hemeéetheariave set eee sooo ee 417 Vatighen {2232.2 38e cece eee nee eee 827 subruvescensea- sec cee neta eee 417 | Grasshoppers of the family Acridine (Acri- Gelechia lind enellate-- Sec8-2- anor e eee 728 didz), with Deseriptions of New Genera muUltimaculel la os .sassceeee eee 734 and Species. Notes on South American, Obscurosimusellasase sc cee eae eee 728 by James AG “Rene. ee. soe ecmee eae 371 Gelechiideée..2e Fhe ee eee eee 722.\ Gryllacrine:. 22S... ook see cee ee eeee eee 240 Genera. and Species. Notes and Descrip- Gry Wide er ens oe dade. be ee eee eet 243 tions of Upper Carboniferous, New Ameri- Gryllide, The Locustide and,(Katydidsand ean Paleozoie Ostracoda, by Edward O. Crickets), Collected by W. T. Foster in Ulrichvand Ray 'S. Basslerse se, a 149 Paraguay, by Andrew Nelson Caudell... 235 Genera and Species. Notes on South Amer- Gryllus argentinus: 222222 ss. .ee-sees55e = 243 tean Grasshoppers of the Subfamily Aecri- Sagimilis 4 ese sat ee eee eee 243 dine (Acrididz), with Descriptions of DreVIGOINIS..c-=-cee eee ee mace 625 New, by James’A. G. Rehn:..0.. 22. =-29- 371 bucephalust: 2a. woseeeotes eee eens 665 Genera and Species of South American (Bulls) Gerratus.. os ee ne eee eee 644 Geometrid Moths. Descriptions of New, bib. ye BREA co nco sede. oo 699 by WilligmsWarren?..S:.. cs ccaccecceee coon §©6090 LUSCUBI 25. ee sees n Sane wear, onc INDEX. 867 Page Page. Gryllus (Locusta) lineata...............:.. 676 | Homotrypa wortheni....................... 41,59 miles Anotee: - SSS ase Eee eee G51) Hopliasimalabaricus:s:.........0-. 22226 e.- 772 CLAUS Cats See See ee eee eae 694 TMICLOLE DIG == eer ee ee ee 772 HUVSOS ae Ose eee C7bN | O DLO DD OTEH Se ese ene er 995 IIRC HUES eee aoe ee Ne CRIES EVOEtN Ind Ses ns sas y et eet ee ee 280 VIRIECAIS see a 69d) Setonmitig.t Weve tLe ee ee 200 EMH OCHS oem eters oda oe Loe oe Sens einestees 83 Hrdlicka, Ales, Brains and Brain Presery- (GMOS GISE ne OSA AS re 496 WULVESe eho e Seanne eee Oe ee 245 PLEA Meee deme tis wae tani Set 496 | Hubner. A Review of the American Moths Gyrinophilus maculicaudus..............-- 67 of the Genus Cosmopteryx, by August IAG emotes eee eee ss acco. Sac cece cecens a 101 IBUSCK? soca ssc Co hee ee ee ee 707 WONG Biremneise eis stapes cio 1S 2, o[usloe sielerc tcc ss 101 | Hyzenodon Bis Are PERRET LG Hiss eereleter ma = Sccleca ee els we cid nese 444, 549 218, 220, 223, 294, :, 229, 230, 231 COMMUNE sss cee o- bocce em cice 444 Drachyrhynehus -sse oss eeees 217 MELA MMEMU MLAS |= Nee 2 eels soc <= ac 445 CNILEDGUS Ss einen haces cen tear 217 SETHI UIC CRUD) 9 oe octet toc tee ee smlsscc 446 orridus. 242A. ees oe ee ee 217 iste nlibeS S326 48 See Gaeta ne gee eee See eee 788 PAUCICeNS =--s= 22 eee es are 217 EC Wes Sap ets ere Ae ls a ier ae fd ceselaioveleia s Soo Tey aloptenyac 222 88 a5 oo a eee 621, 622 elopora approximata....----..---s.-.---- 39, 58 CXASSCrAbUS: cosas e see eee 625 EMO eee ile asc acne caer 22S 20,58 PTACUIS See Meee, aan eee 625 IVBGRLS IW ieee Coys. fia acls os oc os oie 40, 58 TUIPETN UG cose ceases ee ee 623 NCO Kale ere cote esid cicisce siete 446 FOUN sarc sivas ves ck semooe 517 SUD IMMSTAD a a iata tayo yet=ta says elclele oe 446 STDIN STA cee see seston 508 Wienges USES eS Saas eee eee 174 | Hymenoptera from Japan. Descriptions of SAP POLOSUSISe acts fences essen 174 New, by William H. Ashmead..........-- 169 Islan ®t: eee Sas aos ese BE es eee eees 173,174, | Hyolithes=—: =. - Sate PRES eis epee ee 48 SIGIGIGTONViZh. Ob Beet eeee ae ees sees AAT, NMETV DOD atiss 2 ets Secs ovina cae a= lose = oe Se erte 133 AIL en bel eee oie Seomeere seins Sama ee = 4A7 OTOWALIS: sac abe one a sernar ae soci 133 HMNVESCONAS = cis ab ere sent casio see 4489 ARC peT DEUS PONISI jr ot a em amet ttl ls \clnis 240 PRIUS CH ere Bes ane oe seectre se cle = AMS a ELV DCLOD MOL eer acta antis saa tee me eta 235 lunifera (dysephyra) .....---- 448 DLSSUeN SIS se ee 41-5 236 [ONC Seca egoeabocoscces 448 MUM ORS. 6o.-ctece see ee esse 236 SOnmpuuUNaitey = case cee een sr 448 PETUVIAME: - 5- cess See nn ee 236 SMM YUN CH) oe pare wiciote deen serene 661 and Edwin Chapin pallida & 2-soe i. oa ee see eer 660 Starks, List of Fishes Iphiaulax: . 35555. 5gee > tect oa ae eee 197 Collected on Tanega 1 he: re en SRS a se er eee ES 543 and Yaku, Offshore albirenatacs.s22-6 Seta ec oes eee 543 Islands of Southern IridOpsis{s aos se8 es eee ee 510 Japan, by Robert Cupeplal 2222232425 seer cee eee 510 Van Vleck Ander- AIST CA) S222" os te Ween ee ene 510 son, with Deserip- humialis: 4.42 eC eee ee 511 tions of Seven New INVeMUSER: S252. 4 5. eee 512 SDPECleR soe oe eee 695 MEM OM sas et ase eee eee eee 512 and John Otterbein TUNSPATSA\ SoS hase ee ee 513 Snyder, A Synopsis Trans Visalar oes he eee eee eee 513 of the Sturgeons Isacia CONCEPHONIS <2 tees ee aneeeeeeee one 789 (Acipenseride) of VENUStA Ss2% Sacteacttere costes oe 789 JADA) Sore es wee 397 Iscadia 2 Ys.cbcitaccst ade Cee ese 103 and John Otterbein duckinfieldia;-= 55-55 esos oee ee 104 Snyder, On a Species Migwat = fF ae POSE oe eee eee ee 103 of Loach, Misgurnus SULOGRL ASL Soe Soe tee ee 104 Decemcirrosus (Ba- ISCHIOS GNIS Aires ao eee Sane See 199 silewsky), from Hakoneusitcce sscceee eee 199 Northern China .... 833 Ischnomela eracilisises. se eee eee 599 and John Otterbein puUlehripenwmisiss.. -ssee ae eee 599 Snyder, The Giant Tsophya ‘hamatawtssess so eee eee ee 235 Bass of Japan....... S41 Tioplectise. 24 Sede ss ee ee ee 180 and Richard Critten- James Types of Ordovician and Silurian den McGregor, De- Bryozoa. A Study of, by Ray S. Bassler... 1 scription of a New Japan. A Review of the Sand Lances or Species of Threadfin Ammodytidee of the Waters of, by David (Family Polyne- Starn Jordan’ soos seus stac cee sce eee 715 mid) from Japan... 813 Japan. A Synopsis of the Sturgeons (Aci- Kahle 5..5 ia. sess osu ee eee ae 187 penserid) of, by David Starr Jordan and BECUNGA, 5-2. ct nantes 187 John Otterbein Snyder -........--:..-.... 397 | (Katydids and Crickets) Collected by W. T. Japan. Description of a New Species of | Foster in Paraguay, The Locustide and Threadfin (Family Polynemide) from, by | Gryllide, by Andrew Nelson Caudell .... 235 David Starr Jordan and Richard Critten- | Katydids, Descriptions of Three New Spe- den: McGregoths = s9--4 so eae eee 813 cies of, and a New Genus of Crickets from Japan. Descriptions of New Hymenoptera Costa Rica, by James A. G. Rehn....-- Jose, ator from, by William H. Ashmead ........... 169'-|| Kerivoule enesmak oe.cee sane a eee 825 Japan. Descriptions of Six New Species of ax wickiih esto eee 825 Fishes from, by David Starr Jordan and KS pYaieities yao a5 On eeree 149, 153, 155, 155, 159 Alvin ‘Seales . toes /soc.2 weasetesee eee 143 aNNeCtens 2. cae cthae eee eee 155 Japan, List of Fishes Collected on Tanega CENtIOnata Sc. ae see 155, 159, 160 and Yaku, Offshore Islands of Southern, lindabll 2.2.0 F2.se ae cee eee 159 by Robert Van Vleck Anderson, with De- ObDLONGE acc eea Oe see 159 seriptions of Seven New Species, by David permians 2.22. oe esse encueenee 155 Starr Jordan and Edwin Chapin Starks... 695 PINE UIS!S 2s cc. - te eae Maen eae 159 Japan. The Giant Bass of, by David Starr tricolling cc h tessctees eee 155, 160 Jordan and John Otterbein Snyder ...--. 841.) Rirkbylde:s. i. Soe aes nee ee eee ee 159 Japanese, Indopacific, and American Pyra- Kirflendia, pachylepist: tss2-oue se ee 783 midellide. Notes on, by William Healey Klcedenian. - o:.: S 5 Macroneo SY ina ciel ole in wimp ate ane De poe SOY a oan coe ps reetaeacans (Cope). The Life History of Tate History of nue aye ees uden, Epo: the Cave Salamander, Spelerpes, by Ar- lerpes Maculicaudus (Cope). The, by 5 thur M. Banta and Waldo L. MeAtee .... 67 Arthur M. Banta and Waldo L. McAtee.. 67 TEA EEN PIE oo 99 Limnocyon...--.-.-----------------++++-+"- 206 CALNESCCNS) soa. oc cae ms cers 99 agilis ....---.----+-+------++++ 204,206 | vralacanthid@.......---2-.-2-+e+2e-22ee20- 799 Lingulepis. -.-.--- Sees se cle eeniein~ ya anne 567 | Malayan Pigs, Notes on, by Gerrit S. Miller, Lioclema occidens .....-.------------------ 27, 28 5 i eet eee me Bet ee St At Ree ae ty 737 Lioclemella fusiformis -.-...--.------------- 43 | ammal of the Middle Eocene, The Oste- SUDLUSITOTMIS: ...-------------- 42,59 ology of Sinopa, A. Creodont, by William iOS sete ee] aiee ----------- =<" 165, 167 Diller Matthew..--..-..-+-----++----=--=- 2038 Liostracina krausei...-..-.----------------- 564 | Mammals of Engano Island, West Sumatra, | SAUDIAN coh oie 592 by Gerrit 8. Miller, jr ....--.----++---+--- 819 870 INDEX. Page. | Page. Mammut americanum -........-...--------- GLO |) sMicrogonia.s:<.b2-cet sseea- cs snseceaeeneteee 543 Mantruda, co. coos one heen eee 94 | albicommas-e.220-oseae sete eee 543 OrratiCa 22. ase ee rade eee 95 | CUPAMEE 2 sce asec eee es 544 Mapo SOpOnstOne=. cen aa anaes 799 fed ania Ae a. oe nee oee ee 544 Maryland. Description of a New Genusand (ebaXe] nUb bs: emeree Se te 545 Species of Fossil Seal from the Miocene UNLOFNVIS)s = cee eeeascaeeer seems 546 of, by Frederick We Drue: (232-222 2-= cee 835 VeSPerbiliO -ecee caesar 546 Mastax 2.2.23 Set banc ccaesiecesessstes see eees 617 xanthopepla--sescee-- se aeees 546 Mastigopnorus t.25.- eae soa meee eee eee 129 S| NIGTOpIILIS saeco ewan eee eee ee eee ee 194 MiMGWta: 225/22 seee ee seca 129 StAMICN SIS 2 eh oases eee eee 194 DANCES ake Hecse eeeRe ee 129 SHPPOLOeCNSIS: == ee eee asee eases 194 Masyntes:. * sstasetsce saree eee sees 617,,618\5|* Micropogon altipinmis’ =... .-se ses ee eee 796 porellit, Ss Sees eee ee 618 | CCtCNS!s ccs geo eoe e ee 796 HOTS sosccsc =e hote eee ee Pee 618 | Microspongia? subrotundus ...............- 31 Matisramma..2ca.-- ssn. Shock eee ones 112 | Middle Eocene. The Osteology of Sinopa, pamela aioe Gecene cee meee 112 A Creodont Mammal of the, by William Matsumutsius 3s: ect ins acme eoeeae Seen = 169. Diller Matthews-22 7 cseteeseeetee ee aes 203 Erandis! ose s-eeski eo ees 170) Mieza subferverisn.---2.s2sseeecer Theis ee ones 721 Matthew, William Diller, The Osteology of Miller, Gerrit S., jr., Notes on Pigs........ Tee Sinopa, A. Creodont Mammal of the Mid- The Mammals of En- dle: Hocene}-caksas- ee eae eee 203 gano Island, West Merachy tara. rss onc cate eee ne eee 123 | Sumatras-oae ee 819 MOLUA Liss!) <2 ee eee a ee ne 123; || IMime(ies brurmeris. -5)-=ses-eee eee 601 sabularens ss hose coe ecto 123 CrenUlata tose ue nee eee eee 601 Meranercaischinagl.s.s2eoeese-r seen anes 841 subintepra == 22322 saccees pee eee 601 Megarlyssic. cso ea.cceke: ater oe teee oer 176 |e MaMmoOsOnOU ES eee ae toe eee eee 547 JAPONICH .- santos ede seeemeciee 176 TUlipinose. aeseee eee eens 548 Melamians? 2.22.42 Ss5- eseeeceea= ee ates 341 subsignatars<: 2s.) eee 547 Melanichnenmonshs.6-2se-se ae eeeee eee V7) || Mimophyle-s2. 2.252 =2a-8 nee aaaee eee 523 JaPONLCUS= cases see eee 171 parallela:: <<... 4 y.cseeee eee 523 Melanobracony..sse see semen ce cee 195, | “Mimiosemiat: S:-S2.222--ce.=-ce steer eeeee 548 GIDIDLIs ys) os adessaee tot See 195 Gorsilinea rs: S sosacsee eee eee 548 Melignothes exilis meliphilus.............-. 803 IMItans:: osm. seme esas ae eee 548 GIVEN SIGIS ss censeme ...- 803 | Mioceneof Maryland. Description of a New minor diadematus ............ 803 | Genusand Species of Fossil Seal from the, Melochllora 5 Goscnc ot none eee ee Eee 417 by Hredenchk Wo Girtle eens ceeee eee eer 835 Ehiahau lk: eae eee aan ae ee 417 | “Miogryllusipusillusess.o.osesse ss cee eee eee 243 genuflexde: 5542 eee eee 418 "| Miraldadiademasy - 2.2 sescesecces ses eee aliyf hy datoGes = 225 sass ae se eee 418 jamaicensis.< Ssso25oesse see see are 355 NES: SSE kesh oe ee eee 418 | Misgurnus anguillicaudatus...........-.. 833, 834 olopouboyl theo om ne ee 419 | GeCEMCINTOSUSS=- == oe ce eee 834 Vaoilinea ss: a-cesek.- wee eee oe 419 | Misgurnus Decemcirrosus (Basilewsky) MelOsSCIntus? 122.238 sen nc ete eee -. 622, 634 from Northern China. On a Species of SUBtTSIIsee R= => core ee eee 685 | Loach; by David Starr Jordan and John Menestho €xarata..~ 22s. sass cee asenee 139 Obeliscus:achates!= 2 32- S al secaceee nee ene 323 aciculatuasccst sccen tees ese 326 balteatus. 22.5 2 /.c 22-22 bso. eee 334 bicolor =22222%25)s cn. aaas coe e eee 333 DIUDMEUS fs s5 oss eee ee oes 332 DUXCUS-. 2-5 tewcctnaeteaess eae 332, 333 Cla vulusts. 3 soe. 2oae cece eee eee 323 eburnetss: 282.2 S25 2225 cence mses 325 Nastatusye osc28 aoe power eee 322 pulchellusi..<. satecseoee ce cee 323 pusillus ..2. j.s2t225c8 eek ae eon See 324 Tenwiseul Plus asactn- = seca eene = 334 trifasciatus.<-¢.22..-fes:-. eee 325 Obelopteryx:..2..2-24s- sens ean eee 407 aneusta <=. bs2 5s .-.-- sss 639 (Egilina) mariella.............. 354. Serville eee ee 639 (Byalea) arcuate ...2.2-:------. 361 VINEGDES ie soe sees Se eee 639 UU Sas eee ee eeee BOUTS ts ||| (OMOPSLaae oan ee 5 cc hoe eee See 453 IAT i eee an a eee 360 Mp Ula bas ey ee eS Ae ee eee ae 453 SUUKACNRIS/S 52 ce ce . 360,366 | On a Collection of Fishes made by P. 0. UOPNOGH ID 2 SE Es BS ee ae 326 Simons in Ecuador and Peru, by Edwin (Heida) panamensis.-........ 365, 366 Chapintstarkg saree -ce poke hoceee eee a. 761 EMU ONTO OUI 0 ale vais eis ccs vs Ss oe ss 964.51) Oospila 2a a See sae dewaue wee se anes aeee 420 TT ISer Go Ss eee 362 Gongpenense fe ieee De copes 421 IEC SS SoS eee SORE eee 362 Selliferat <3: sou =. hae ae So 420 (uu KOE) eee Se eae ee ee S001.) ODOIONINGE) <. seares seas coca ee meee eae 184 diadema.....-- 356, 397, 367 | Opostega quadristrigella .................-- 731 ETM Ae eerce ase 396, 367 | Opsomala cylindrodes..--.......-..........- 659 jamaicensis ..--.-- 395, 366 PuuUcticepss sak. ese eseetee 661 (Odetta) circinata...:..-...--. 359, 367 PUNCUPENNIS=2 ese, tes tees 625 MEMING eee O see seein 358, 367 | Ordovician and Silurian Bryozoa. A Study Lectissimay.2=22--¢5 358, 367 of the James Types of, by Ray S. Bassler. 1 iratacs cs 3th BDO SH0. S67 |) OLEON OMI tess came sis set fom see Seistnslen teases 470 (Odostomia)) S202 3222. 5.2 522-5 367 TUDTIPlASa see cc ne tee eee ee 470 desimana........ 3624567 0| OLEShaSs@enssiailie nese -e eee. teeetee aa eenets 780 hilgendorfi ..... 364, 367 FN eb gS como Be ASA npac Sree aceep = 780 limipidasesaccess 364, 367 CUVIGH isis nna. sees ses ee eee 779 mauritiana ..... 363, 366 NbeUSP sheet See eee aeons oe 781 PAHAMENSIS)<.scS-s-sssse0+22-8 365 PeMU AMA S20 ss os se son eee 779 (Parthenina) meta........... 349,367 | Orphichthus callaensis ..........-.-.-.----- 778 (Pyrgulina) alveata........-. 8527367 | MOxpMi cht hyd sen... hose eres 778 amanda. 2 secceee Sou MOup lars seoee one eee ee eee Cee na 621, 626 densecostata. 350, 352, 867 ANDRICAt Hence seco eset ees ek eee 629 upo- PAP ANAyeaa= sees om eae ea = 626 IMWenSIs!2e co e-6 BINIES Gy) || (Ono ICE ates Aor oAao eee ace sce 378, 621, 627 interstriata........ 351 CEP ANS sce 2-2 os ae cee ae 629 ects: Beek: 353, 367 TA CLINIS aoe ets aes eee eS 373, 627 SIPRAOTINISS Ee ae ince s ce octet oe =o 360 OTIS URE Sees eta cle ee act 627 Sai) 00: ce ee Se reer 364 DUCA ee. sae eee ee 373, 628 SIELCCCH IN ol a 8 2 SOOM Orphullinae sate. ee oes asian oe nnn a 621, 626 (Trabecula) tantilla ......... 348, 367 PULCH EMG Ses se. nn eee eee oe 626 MEPOBNOMG iat sccnecas css ccs sscentscese=tc ORM MOTUS ss erase wastes fee 2 ae sh oo n= Sete re 570 Guin tewennide eee ee. = cbs. cosas ese 801 (Plectorshis) ees aeee ae eee 571 (dicnemus capensis.............---------- 801 agreste .......--- 565, 570, 571 vermiculatus yermiculatus.... 801 kichouensis ..-.----- 565, 570 (Edipoda pallidipennis..........-...--.----- 637) | Orthocerase = 2+ ee 637 GUSEML, seers. - tare en 46 Devion 2 eee 613,637 | Orthogramma.........---.----------+-----+ 115 MINE OROMMT SS cesses sa scss--.<---0----2--- 407 TELOP IA eens eee ane wee n= 115 Offshore Islands of southern Japan, List of | Hermeside.-.cces aeeee eee 116 Fishes Collected on Tanega and Yaku, | Orthoscapheus ....--.-------+++++++-----++- 671 by Robert Van Vleck Anderson, with coriaceus . oe aS eee oe Descriptions of Seyen New Species by roseipennis .........----.-- - David Starr Jordan and Edwin Chapin Oscillaccine ulate <-seee..-.-ss tree =e : = Shanley ee 695 circinata ........---..0----02+-22 0s si te ha ae aE 565) | Osmiilia. . < ec sac ssn cewde ss ose en este esens ess ee ae 2 ee eee 7 874 INDEX. Page Page Osmilia obliga iat. Aacameeanece se cates 694. | Paralemasuecs-1 5.2 shacmore= ccs tee ee eeeese 668 VIO COS ask4 nen yee eee 694 Dod shires 22256 ete ees 669 Osmiliol aa t 2) cass eS a ee ee 674 FOSTOMRA A 5. Seat caitos goes 669 Ariba So S4 a2 Aes taos sen eee 674 Punehipennises.s5-5 css cee a 670 OS8S) 2S. 8k. Sess eee nee ee esta 638+; “Paralichthys‘adspersus <2. 224.- 5 5e- aeee 800 pimaculatweiet-fe- eee eres 638)! SPata pane bites s: 5.9. .cesece ees gone 149, 150 Osteology of Sinopa, a Creodont Mammal Num eTosus™ ==: 22.4 sees eee 150,151 of the Middle Eocene, by William Diller subovatar ss. y Sete ast ev eee 151 Matthew Girsce tie cee eee ease seer 203: | ‘Paraphylarcs229.42 2-25-85 ante a eee ees 173 Ostracodarict ances eect eee eR eee Se kts) AI bISCh PUR 352 - ees eee 173 Ostracoda, New American Paleozoic. ParaApOn yoo oe ee ee ee eee 137 Notes and Descriptions of Upper Carbon- Glam alise 2 act ae eee eee 137 iferous Genera and Species, by Edward pAawlalis 232 Sen oa ere oa gilp ts: QO. Ulrich‘and Ray S: Bassler _.)......-.... 149 | Parapsettus panamensis .......-..--.:.----- 798 Qurapteryeineis-. ste aee oes ee teens 499 | PATASCOPAS 2: 2.222002 l 3 San ct beeen eee 689 OVIDOS i225. k ecbot ceeees Coe te eee 165, 167 ODESUS:...4 Ledat ss gaceeeee- eens 689. OVIDOVIN eso eee nee Sate ees 167s is Bar ate tem 322 oo. oe eee. See ee 614, 615 OXY Ornatissima 22. cee ne eae eee eee 666 borellit .< ss .22 3. feees See 615 Oxyeene Jo.hlUe cee eee te ee beers 220, 231 Cauda tls... scscenincee sae 614, 616 Oxybleptellai $s2e eet meeecen see eee 660 | Cnemid ous 22 es eee 616 SAP ibta eh ee ee eee 660 schochil's2222 7.225 53s eres 615 Oxycoryphus burkhartianus -........-.-..- 625 toltecus: 2-2. . JAS SS Se 615 Oxylabrax arm atusscs5-5--eree see eee ees 186 | -Rarorphula: ites) = 20235 ee tee eee eee 621, 626 Oxyirema crenulatsa ccc esse eee eee ee 340 @TAMINGS F222 2enec oe Re aee eee 626 PalRBOpPhOCa acest eececaceee cee rie eee 837" Parthentaeselata-..-..22-s see eeeeee tase eee 347 Paleozoic Ostracoda, NewAmerican, Notes digdem saree ee eee 356 and Descriptions of Upper Carboniferous exarate Sse eo eee 357 Genera and Species, by Edward O. Ulrich MAvCh aha s Se eee eens 354 and Ray 'S: Bassler. 5-25 saan seeee eee 149 (Mormula) varicosa .........---- 345 Paleschara ibeani-se-2: steno. os pene eee 46,58 pagodula )-..2 28st es sae oes 35) Palindtay 5342 4ee-25.. sao sees eee nas 110.) Parthenodes*.2-22.eso-ee eee ee eee eee 140 argentilines < -2 So-ccec- sa oecedere 110 berthalis.s< sisi saecosnoeeseeee 140 Pal this: ee esac 108 JEINGYES) oe Gao Sa Stee ae a a ge 835 SNCS MENG Chl me ei taeiaeesiaoe ec = nice 836, 839 ATCO CGiretclare <= inis oniciaie eaieieie ciniejsieiwic 838, 840 SAMO MCLE SS o ajs,-arahs tia wralere ciniattioie,s os 837 ING GREG Oh ge Se een RebeRE Se Sooo cae ePeeeS 837 IPORN COG NE hog | Bie ee eee eee Seer 92 eer eet Sa esa ats oasis = 92 EMV PTOUIS ts -aleainioee on ce = lstSacinw seeks sicie 499 MMALENCW dee stake eicenlaenis- 2 499 ROLOUCHI As = eeasisce sn aes a2 es 500 EiOMNUIM Esa IMO Tse.) nists hte. ac 726 gnercwlellan a jas4-/seen = === ar 726 Tn evel hepa ee ae 172, 180 Phvilaneiaamericana ..-..--2:-.-+--<=--=-- 848 iBhyllopuera alliedea: 2-5. 22sse2- 8.6 s46-25 238 HUTTON ee terse cine beieenins 518 NIRS Conese acerca oes asciei- 519 : EMU Uae: Ae aiatssaeinsis ose ee 519 RiGidte- i. ences eee 50 subrugosa.. 565, 566, 592 Prochilodus caudifasciatus................. 773 EDTASOL Ae ee sae 590, 593 Procolpia:: cseraeasoss - ase eae ee ee 640 TOXONS a2 eee. 588 MINOUV = sane Tee een ee 643 WSs Lee ceee eee 565, 566, 592 iProphocar.. s2faseta he nse eck Serene 837 NCL ECIS 4yse asc aoe ae 565, 566, 588 DLOKIMN Ae scat ae oe 837, 838 THEANO) 2. 2oU ke 52 oe oo een 591 POUSSCAUI 275 ooet ecto tae eae 837, 838 TOMUS Shoo stizsa te tens Soe 592, 593 PIOSCOPIN DA user oot eee Be eee 613, 618 yuo a 1,7 Rome eres, are eee Foor 565, 566, 589 PYOterocry pis secs s= neo ansc cote te eee 174 WeSba a caccetaaw ore 565, 566, 589, 599 MA Walle. Jaen oe. Sacre 174; {| FPtyehopadar. stsc- jase aaeeee eee 451, 455, 480 Prototomus multionspipesssseece. see aaceeee 204 Zam plimareo sso sce eee eeeees 451 SecunGariuat o eeesose - ceoee 204 AIH £4 JO 39 cae so ase eee 455 StTENNUS eo b- clseeetee -ctoee 204 fissilinea: 2. S5 esc eetee eee 455 WAVOTELNIIS rey eee ae ee oe Ue 204 RaviciNnCtas..c2c se esesee eee 456 PYOVIVEERE ct toece esc s eae nore ee 2038, 205 flexiVittec3265 sos eee es 456 AMETICANA\.\ <5 5 soos ee 204 friseoeastats.22222 nek see 460 CYPICH 5 .'eiea ee ete ee oe 204 iImpellis* 35 ..s2so eco see eee 456 Proxinus septentrionalis................-.. 143 imitate oo. Sceeps aes | eee 455 Paecadia . ..se cea te oct oe eee eee 728 | MATASCIAY JCS Seta cs cote eae 457 exommatella oo. aesn oes se eee 729 | MUNCIIASCIATA so. se oaece as roe 457 Peeudophyilingw = sse5 eee eee 240 | purpureovittata:: -.-.22 2.2... 457 Pseudostauronotus brunneri ............... 636 | TUfarenania .- 52.2. s aso ae eee 458 Pseudostruthus gongonensis .............-. 811 | SiMIUIN CBr sae 22 law sa emcee 458 PteroG Onis 2-2) eae eee eee eee eee rae 205, 217 Subvestita...0: chs. asaemeceees 453 IPLGTODUSS 25/8 ones a eee ee eee 820 | tenebrics o225.oo54 stewet ete soe 459 ehgantes 2 Ae ae ee 829 ustimargo...s-.2occie eae eeeeee 459 hypomelantsravas-seas seo eee 822 VEY AUER Sone a cee seas ct 460 lepidns.24.2.55 22 a ee 829 vitticostata ...-.-.........2-.- 460 modielianit 25220 $19,823 | Pyenoneura .............-..--.---+22+------ 408 Natalian tos 0h, ace: 823 rectilinesta -2.:.0u.--eeasscees 408 nicohaweus7e =... eee eee 823 | Pycnonotide ...... SS Eee TS aca ee 804 Philodictya‘acuminatats.2-6osee eee 36,59 Pycnonotus layardi micrus.........-.------ 804 Pypidtidss .-... Sos attaki cee acne o ene 770 aay Non ae a a So eed eee 38, 59 | Pypidium: Gisparc ic. .Js.55-0 canes eee 770 ? arctipora Be pe RESOe ace ccnaceccice 19,20 | punctulatum. 5--e0e-e eee 771 ?cimcinnatiensis ............... 14, 59 rivulatum «|i. On eer eee 771 cleavelandi ..........--..-.- 14, 15,99: “Pylinia DYUMERtAL— ye. 2 cen eee 556 clintonensis=--eoo- ssn eee 50;61,59:||: Pyralids: See es ee ee ee 133 Gubig' soo-n-s eco tee setae 14, 15,60.) “Pytalis.2.22 Se acs a ene eee eee ee 141 faleiformis: ce32) 2 36, 37 gparalig. 3. cosecs ts ae ose ees 141 INDEX, : Page. Pyramidella (Actwopyramis) amoena.... 880,367 casita ...... 329, 367 digitalis ... 331,367 eximia. 327, 328, 366 fulva... 828, 329, 366 lauta... 829, 330, 367 punctigera. 831,867 (RPAUne)) VINZO.. 2 2..s.ce0.-. 335, 867 WOM OMe ea cca'c wale vives wc oie veo 322 (Cossmannica) aciculata...... 326, 366, 367 MURS CPUS Vis srs: see ee 127 Review of the American Mothsof the Genus Cosmopteryx Hiibner, by August Busek. 707 Review of the Sand Lances or Ammodytida of the Waters of Japan, by David Starr JOLUAM 2 toe map wenn eee aalce Seeee eat eae cae 715 RIL CRCTA:: «5s wastes dees Ran caen caeee ee eR GSE 107 HAD OU Wisc n/ipan aan ear oe ee ee 107 MGZCU By wiit cuca ee eee een 107 PUDVOMEM RITA santas sees nee 107 NeW or hanks lh Neea tO Mer cee se met here el eR 769 Jenvnells yo soei tas ekecas oeeermie 769 Rhamphcehynechus gemmingi ............. 607 DOV UNIS esac 607 DORIC SDIOUEES cance celtienmenies abet eeteeee ta 171 NATOULGIN coo csasndar act edoulderes 703, 705 tAMCRASIMB. ... 2-22 -eeereeerecesens 704 Sand Lances or Ammodytide of the Waters of Japan. A Review of the, by David Starr ‘ (lo Jordan 878 INDEX. Page. Page. Sangalopaissca: 5 see een oe ee eels 503: eSeyllina wanipess oe -ce= messes eee 385, 387 MEGA ta Lens seca ce ees ceeee se 503 | Seythnisiimpositella: s--2- asec cee see eee 730 Santo Domingo. New Fishes from, by Barton W. Evermann and H. Walton Clarks 222s co eats mae eae ao ese see 851 Sarda chilensis; 2o-cnerseone sae eee eee 761, 784 Sardinellatintbrigta 2... s. =.= sae eee 778 SQYVOQUAUS Sr oe ae oer eee ese ne ao Sea 145 SatsuIM se ceo eee oes Mees eae 145 Scaphura yigorsil fot e-cse ocean ae 237 Scapterniscus bore. s.o--- n-ne 243 CHMeLONI 2o.22 soko ce cee ee eee 243 SCOR Se Basha ciclrsrerctecite rots lapels el nite cite eee 412 AUP AMM saa - seca ese te atoe ee 412 obliqtariay. 22.55 st kaea cases ose tee 412 Scenella. os. Se8 oa bocce occas vain ee teate = ea 571 clothows- 2 = tare eee eos aoe cece 572 Gilatetys. 205 seasons chee 565, 566, 571 Schaphtura: VigOrsiils -: 32 see oa es ce oe 237 Schaus, William, Descriptions of New South American Mophst see =-esooeee ese 85 Schazamgd, Ms noah. Sue te selnehes see ores wees 108 ATS MShPCMIMIS ses e. eee ie 109 Schistocerca. o2s2- ccc seca See ease eee 675 Gesiliensis).)-seceae ted eee oee 675 flavofascisitae sacs esse pee OLD TTI Sta) Ae an we ea tee cet oe 676 PMG ata. aera Sea ee een 676 pallens *s32...ces--b-becestesee 676 PATANEUSISK. < tes atone 52% SCINASCODUS se tapaie eek suicec os. cee cmmeeane 17: ad bOMmaRCuIabUS eee eee eee 173 TA PONTCUS He seen ents te cee sess a 172 Sconlber japonicusi--..--s+-< seeeeo see aee 761, 783 Scompbridtes: | .ccckes cccane cose nee ee aes 783 SCOpPas ODESUS secs i meicta st ceteeme sme eseene 689 SCOVLOPSIS see sonuman Sache oases osbeeee eee 503 NISUVeENAtA) toe soso sceee eee seine 503 BCObAIR: .. dc skins ce. weoa eee sae neee ces 412 GISCOlOTS. ao ces ce See e eee en ee 412 favicapillaccss ccs scneeeeoee eens 412 Migrate, H.2252 se aoacce reset eeeeee 412 SICOUUISSE 2 cco We one bees Seep eneee aeee 688 brasiliensis..* sores... soe seee eee oe 689 IMpPuUdiee.: -sosesee cate eee eee 688 TUDTIPeS 2. Soe nce eee 688 Sewilinar. :.- 2-228 Sen secee meee ee cleaner 384 BOrrellit 22s sede aera ee eee 388, 637 IUCr. 2: S Se eee eee eee 885 CODSPCISG= n~ sc ses ote ee eee etereee 385 Digtee 5; c:c0. esos oe eR ee 385 SChIStOCErcOlGES c= .ec cee ee seteane 388 SOUT ocean mcchres aoe eee eee 385, 387 SUIISa ees oe pea aoe ee ene 385 TITOMUS sae ncececesas aes waceroe 384 bt ot Seal from the Miocene of Maryland. De- scription of a New Genus and Species of Fossil, by Frederick W. True .........-.- 835 Seale, Alvin, and David Starr Jordan, De- scriptions of Six New Species of Fishes from, Japan -: 2... b:<5o:fou. = eae 143 Sebastia so.-2- 0 5.op ss sentences eee 473 QSSimilis.. s ). 5.68.2. used eects 204, 206, 208 major minor —> INDEX. 2 879 , Page Para Sinopa poke wt ce tee e eee eee e eee ee eee 204,206 | Species of South American Geometrid Sinopa, The Osteology of, A Creodont Mam- Moths. Descriptions of New Genera and, mal of the Middle Eocene, by William DyAWalligms Werner sssssee ss eeeennn nn 399 (Diller INE HINEN TS 9 <2 Cae eae Soa eeeeeee 203 | Species of Threadfin (Family Polynemide) Sitotroga cerealella -.............2.2.2.-... 722 from Japan. Description of a New, by Six New Species of Fishesfrom Japan. De- Dayid Starr Jordan and Richard Critten- scriptions of, by David Starr Jordan and CenMiGGner Ons. s eee eee 813 Alvin Seale tren ee nceec ses ee ester eee sere ee 143 | Species. Tineid Moths from Southern Tex- Snyder, John Otterbein, and Dayid Starr as, with Descriptions of New, by August Jordan: BUske 26 ioc nce. sce ke a ae 721 A Synopsis of the Sturgeons (Acipense- Specimen of Fungia ConcinnaVerril, Three mish 3) @t UENCE ooo oss see Sse See aeeeee 397 New Fungite, with a Description of a Ona Species of Loach; Misgurnus De- Specimen of Fungia Granulosa Klunzin- cemcirrosus (Basilewsky ) from North- ger and a Note on a, by T. Wayland Sina (OJON) Ao Ae eRe be Ree ee 833 Vieauieianie tok a ts ee ee 827 The Giant Bass of Japan................ 841 | Spelerpes bilineatus..................... 71, 77,81 SOME TOON 6 ere ace de decane aoe neces eee 593 SUitolinea tise aseee eee eeee 81 pauperata .....-..-..... 566, 590, 593 longicaudus: 22) eee ee 67, 68, 69, 81 SIOISEVD cs socag horas de Senos Con UCSeReseeeoBe 121 vast KE OUD HHH Ta Says ee 68 GKOUNWIS. Soono Se ecnonsseseseeeecoRe 121 maculicaudus .... 67, 68,69, 70,71, 79, S1 South American Geometrid Moths. De- Spelerpes Macaulicaudus (Cope). The Life scriptions of New Genera and Species of, History of the Cave Salaman- \eay ASME NONE: 0¢:) ee 399 der, by Arthur M. Banta and South American Grasshoppers of the Sub- A's: (6 Cop OGY Cod. cl 67 family Acridine (Acridide), with De- TAD] OR ok OMe AD 71, 80, 81 scriptions of New Genera and Species. SPMLETOL eS MUMU Mle eee neers ae evs Leat 798 Notes on, by James A. G. Rehn......-... SALE Sp hivmin eye CULO Lee oe oe ee ae ee eee ee eee 763 South American Moths. Descriptions of CLICLES See, Ree eee ean, eee 763 Newb yVullidm SCHHUS: 2.5.05.052-.--.-- 85 761 Southern Texas, Tineid Moths from, with 763 Descriptions of New Species, by August Starks, Edwin Chapin, and David Starr Jor- SSH Cate ct eiieise (2 ctsrs: clea tiore's co he weaicbe aes 721 dan. List of Fishes Collected on Tanega PS euU aM etna elton = clsiolentcinse Jel oo canes 639 and Yaku, Offshore Islands of Southern lanksfonteluasl Oo Se snooe ee ose coats 639 Japan, by Robert Van Vleck Anderson, Spathiine -.....---..----..----- ++ +--+ +2 +e: 200 with Descriptions of Seven New SDAODOLEMMACULOSA). nij-4 jee see -2<5-= 0s 30 SPECIES aacee tre nese teeter net Samer eee 695 Species. List of Fishes Collected on Tanega Starks, Edwin Chapin, On a Collection of and Yaku, Offshore Islands of Southern Fishes made by P. 0. Simons in Ecuador Japan, by Robert Van Vleck Anderson, RR UP GTLIt ceed tee ee Se eee nn amc 761 with Descriptions of Seven New, by David SbUUKOTHECtUS see see secee eee eae 376, 622, 632, 634 Starr Jordan and Edwin Chapin Starks.. 695 breyapenwishaes eases eee ee 377 Species, Notes and Descriptions of Upper longicornis ........ 376, 377, 633, 634 Carboniferous Genera and, New Ameri- variegatus.....-- 377 ean Paleozoic Ostracoda, by Edward O. Stelnod OM Wad UT cepa <= eee ere ciara 239 Ulrich and Ray S. Bassler.....----------- 149 | Stejneger, Leonhard, A New Salamander Species. Notes on South American Grass- from North Caro- hoppers of the Subfamily Acridinz (Acri- bbc aaepires see mee 559 did), with Descriptions of New Genera A New Tree Toad AICO yedamMed: AG, RDM a. = cence =< 371 from Costa Rica... 817 Species of Coenocyathus from California and Steleistrum mOrorame ---. 2. 5-6------ 22-2 146 the Brazilian Astrangid Corals. A New, SrBinten Tailor coe ree oe eee 793 DyeLeWiaylanduVaUP nan... cece --- = SOE it aT GiCi ae ies eee eee Poe ee 520 Speciesof Fishes from Japan. Description: TEVEMS coe 2 chee Seelam eee 520 of Six New, by David Starr Jordan and la ietiovakbed auaVs\ohooto) aeeaen ee OE, ieeee a et 170 JNINIOUS EAI See Sone eee Onc tac Be SoBe aeeeeeeg 143 sapporoensis..-..-.-..--.-- 170 Species of Fossil Seal from the Miocene of Sronoplaativecte 2 ele ce eee eee 113 Maryland. Description of a New Genus * FiO Ce ae 413 and, by Frederick W. True... eae oe ae : Bee Creo WOlaNee seen seme cee es eee sense 661, 669 Species of Katydids and a New Genus o} ees eA ate wee epg, 661 Crickets from Costa Rica. Descriptions oe (Oxyblepta) puncticeps ......--. 661 of Three New, by James A. G. Rehn...-. 597 ee 661 Species of Loach; Misgurnus Decemcir- puicuceys So ee owas 2 rosus (Basilewsky) from Northern China, | Stenopora fibrosa.----.--+-------+--+-+=2->- 573 by David Starr Jordan and John Otter- Stenotheca ceceneecetteeteeeesnccnne oe 7 aoe s g22 SIMPlOK sou nacanenn woes <= 969, 066, 0/9 beimjSayGer -- 25. - 2.2. -. «2-2 ------------- Be 880 INDEX. Page. Page. Stenotracheéliys = 22-2 cc.eew- eee fae eae ctaa ee 920s! (SylyiellajaGksoniiot—2 = 3. eee oe eee 807 iV GHI RE Rade san dgs- ss acsoc 520 | UNICO VD Ts i Se ee gee role ee 807 Stephanocare richthofeni .............----- 564 | Sylvietta whytii jacksoni -................. 807 Stereolepis'PIGAS. ce sees eee Oa poe Otterbein Suiy Gero. 2s5.<42-ae weet sn oe ees 397 ! INtErstiNnetaA sts aces ase eee 54 Synoptic List of Paraguayan Acridide, or Stiemiatellaielavisees.o.. sere eseeiteeee ete 5d Locusts, with Descriptions of New Forms, Gy Chel i. ~2 career see 5d by. Lawrence Bruner. o-)---eee =e teeaee 613 Stirapleurais2ccs. cee ves eas ee $90; 622, 634..| ‘SyrmOlasess 2. o seein she seem oes elena eee 325 DIUM EA. cies ee nos ote teee- 390 serotina).. 2.5 s2<2s-0 Se - os eaepeeaeee 334 QDSCUTA =) Knee a ace eee eee 390 Withee... Tacks des Sede toe ee oe ees 324 palliday assaf aeseesecese ass 390) | \Syrphoctonus’: 3-s.ce-s= oscar eae eee eee 183 Variabilis, 2c meceme asec eee 634 AtdMiensis: =5+sc.ceascee esas 183 Stomatopora.c 222. se. ce csc casectecesseseeae iL, 11 | Tachyphyle:: =: 252s sessc- cscs eee ee eeaee 426 delicate: - 3.25 Feb eso eres 55 weretinetals..2° 5. bees soe 427 -LENnwWissima == seen 55, 56 COstiseripta, c-|) Peniocampar-c.22 245 ase seen eee ae 104 Strepula concentrica =. ~ 2. 2.2. heels 160 NANA sae aaa eee 104 Study of the James Types of Ordovician Tamartha)! 2225-2258 eaesee tena eee 728 and Silurian Bryozoa, by Ray 3. Bassler... 1 bittenella 2. 3-22 2csearceseeeoee 730 Sturgeons (Acipenseride) of Japan. Asyn- dellieila-. faci ok ceSencdasent uses 730 opsis of the, by Dayid Starr Jordan and niveosel4a) ga. e2schnns See eee 729 John OtterbeimiSnyder. 5-2 es. see =e sees 397 | Tanega and Yaku, Offshore Islands of Stypolophus brevicalearatus ........-.-.--- 204 Southern Japan, List of Fishes collected INSECHVOLUS... cares see eee 204 on, by Robert Van Vleck Anderso 1, with WighS ceo 4 Aasminces aeons tan 204 Descriptions of Seve: New Species, by PUNENS: ee sek ve see hee 204 Dayid Starr Jordan and Edwin Chapin Witte 24 oo tes chiesmcens ee 204 Starks w.:..cacc. «de dsucdecasee eee m emer 695 Sides. -< 222, ba he oemntes occ oss eens ee 820 | Tchagra senegalensis .............--------- 810 Sumatra, The Mammals of Engano Island, Tehitrea ferretiz: soo: ot sas teen eee £07, 808 West, by Gerrit S. Miller, jr.-.........-.. 819 perspicillatas ec sees cee 807, S08, £09 Sus/andamaniensisecic teciiataa lee arsiya seer 747, 754 suahelicas22-- soo. =n. 809 Hab. 2 tee Mees a ee ees 748, 752, 753, 820 Busli¢hita: 95.5222. 05e432- eee 807, 808 Bax Dapusee sescce eee. se=s 737, 739, 741, 742, 743 VINCI. Yi ott eee ee 807, 808 CHIstatUss.teecneeeocceemeee ee 744, 745, 747, 749.|" Teinistionlansit: =. sss2s0-. esos) eee eee woe? O64 Parr antiar aM eaiwcseocnacse a seeeo neces 743 | Telphusa .acaciella s.2.22 22s. s-eee ee se 722 jubatulus..c-2 eet es eceeeeeee 745, 746, 750 longifasciella;. 5.2 nck eee 723 jubattis 2-225. +5. | ein ati dee Soest = scene bese See eee eee 805 CH OTUAT Sa eee tok 2 sas accu <3 482 | Tinea croceoverticella ..................... 735 MEME WISH Ree ees Secat een Sas 482 Tuscopulivellsis.-. 8 sea eee 736 AMPPEGUENS. oo. lec datos s: 483 TUMeEOCR Ite atece = eee e ee 735 RN Ae ee es ea NN a 483 | Tineid Mcths from Southern Texas, with Tencorrapnatas oo -cccscceo-8 483 | Descriptions of New Species, by August ° MBAPIMPUMGIA. esas se kets AOU SN BUBSCK cr. | Triacodon’aculeatus: >. 2. ss.s-sssesne soe ae 204 AIG) See a ga ee 491 1H Up. tae ee errs Sel a emacipoe te 204 WACHCULAS oceans fui etsesek. 491 PLANGIS! oo. Lee seem Ree oe 204 PPR WVCSLODALIM sa ketteccc cece siccte 492 MANNS. se tes cad skh oe coteiocs cee 204 MELANOGOVRCDUSItscesaca-Naccsstecessecese 618s MRrianthusibeckiss: eccc asc: sede aek eee 9 angustirostris ............ Ol 9m Driventrance. 2 wecccce mace cr ee eects 454, 462 Pareles ceewce cictocices 619 aurilim bates. o5 oe eee ase aoe 462 MEMS Seay eee ao 619 Diguittata.s. =. soese. des ees eae 462 Metragonopterus festa... 0.05..-.22202 2.6. 776 brunneomarginata ..........---.. 463 DEIUIAIMUSM Me sake aces ss 775 Colligata. 0: --.. cn. - 2-2 ee cenn ence 463 MUGS cee eee nicitace ea 777 comsequens.................-..---. 464 Metravdo milder. nena. cee sce se cece cane 798 AavishPMae. neem ece esa ees 464 Thetinik< Ga Ca) eee re 614 IGNELUMOSA ewe ose ee seeoea me 8 465 CHEMI OMA SEE se oe teceoskel wee < ccna se 616 DEVCTOCE Blea e rn alata eee sear =e 465 TSENG, © oe 2h ee ee ee 614, 616 VINOSHLA pet saa ate enicls See cee 466 PPETCMMR Eee ore a's «ma kciasscain nine as GlGe i oriceratops calicornisy..s..-..--cs--- ce se ene 608 TAMU COStALA. 620. Seen eceke eee GIG OTIC DIG ION oer ood ayaa mare aw wale one's weiss oie ve 814 Mentieinieneenn eee cic css cscsacseawsebene 613,614 | Trileuca........---.------..5.2.0.-+2 20-20 106 Texas, Tineid Moths from Southern, with OCHTACEA -.-.- ++ eee sees eee eee ee 106 Descriptions of New Species, by August Mit ODitages cetemi e's oan o.oo asm mieten 573 mincceeeereatias eee j2le)|) rimerotropis’=.\. 92 <--.-6- a=" em ee 637 Thalassoma cupido..........-.---.--------- 699 pallidipennies'’)-----..-0----- 637 The Life History of the Cave Salamander, Mi OMIMALOU CA Sane ee ease ce eae eee 114 Spelerpes Maculicaudus (Cope), by Arthur angulata .....-.-.---+-+-++-- 114 M. Banta and Waldo L. McAtee.......... 67 | Trioxy6.....----------- +--+ +22cee essere eee 187 The Locustid and Gryllidz (Katydids and TripteLryeiODi teres. scree taken aoe ae 700 Crickets) Collected by W. T. Foster in TriptyChusiMiVeuss: cece ee - hese naa nr 323 Paraguay, by Andrew Nelson Caudell.... 235 | Tritemnodon.........---.----------+- 205, 226, 229 SITET Pee ame = cc scieicle-ciceiscicee ceo = 181 APIlis sec aces Aes bene 206, 208, 217 OME GUM ie ecaleise.s/.6i eee 347 | zinger anda Note on a Specimen of Fun- monocyela: :-22u- J sceeeee eens 342 gia Concinna, by T. Wayland Vaughan... 872 (Mormula) aulica ............ 345,367 Vertebrate Fossils, Notes on Some Recent philippiana ...... 345,367 |. Additions to the Exhibition Series of, by MULE VTAta: 2. cocsceee se ee aoe 885: || Charles WAGilmoressossccscee cone eee 607 (Nisiturris) ecrystallina....... 341, 367 *|\? Vespertilionidtes. 2.5222. c. cesen -- am aeons $25 ObG’ISCUR s .. sen anche sa reee 389 | Vesperugo imbricatus .................----- 825 METICCtA Sack ooo auc ones s Sees $87. | *Vilerna, £8 2 0.2c8.90- eee eee 674 Philippiaxins. =... c.asece asses 345 | TUSUIOSA Vee soe eee ew eee ee eenet 674 (Pyrgisculus)’candidissima -- 3425967, | Viverral--.+.seene eee eeee sea ee ee eeeeeee 221, 222 (Pyrgiscus) mumia........... 343, 367 | Viverrid te <6 o- a.m an eemoe stm eminent meine 820 INDEX. Page. WIRTCTESCUIPINMIS! foc. css ceca cece ces es 786 Walcott, Charles D., Cambrian Faunas of MOLD ees ee ne = xs /o:n\c a aiarciords «cv eede os 563 Warren, William, Descriptions of New Genera and Species of South American Geometred Moths...... Tao eetae sack raciac 399 Waters of Japan. A Review of the Sand Lances or Ammodytide of the, by Dayid SHOE UICC; 0 68 estas eee ee 715 West Sumatra. The Mammals of Engano Island, by Gerrit 'S. Miller, jr............. 819 Xantharpyia amplexicaudata.............. 824 PACETLO GME terer ete facieisie aisidysclaice s’ossas vessceeecce 197 PU DIP E Sass csidels Since anes bec 197 BRE TNOIOWIS Ue eee als'c siattiels,s sic sicivajnis'ee'e = -5,50'se 0 533 CUNT GANA coc esictctalsersicc cccjee oes 533 ULNA CULE ta orei eee eee eee 653 iheringi....... Oe... -4 2-0 2224.75- 653 juncorum ...... Ae eet ae 653 OMNICOlOM 2220 sea aan cone 655 DICTANG.. nuigee vote ac oaeeesiemeeeee 695 SimTliS) Se so Ses cee Soap eneece 652 CMUSHLA ens salem ce alin ownlaeiseseee 652 Zygolistron trachysticum .................. 666 A Mt be Wires Sil AR i ol ss PRS Nie Ali SRAR ’ te é om iy . ae if x "VMI 420 9100